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The effects of music therapy on intraoperative and postoperative parameters A randomized single-blind study
No full textBackground: Music therapy has been used in medicine to reduce patient stress and to improve mood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of music therapy on intraoperative hemodynamics and medication requirement and postoperative pain and side effects. Methods: Eighty patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists I to II physical status at the ages of 20 to 60 for whom elective thyroidectomy surgery was planned were included in the study. General anesthesia was induced for patients and demographic data were recorded. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. The groups were determined as music group (group M) and control group (group C). The intraoperative vital signs of the patients (heart rate, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation), bispectral index values, train-of-four neuromuscular monitoring values, additional opioid and muscle relaxant requirements, and complications were recorded. At the end of the operation, extubation was performed following standard decurarization using atropine and neostigmine. The 0th hour, 3rd hour and 6th hour visual analogue scale scores of the patients were measured and recorded. Results: Intraoperative fentanyl and rocuronium consumption were found to be approximately 23% lower in group M compared to group C (P .05). It was also observed that the postoperative pain levels of the group M were lower (P .05) Conclusions: Playing music, which is a non-pharmacological intervention, is an effective method without a side effect that not only reduces the intraoperative need for muscle relaxant and analgesic use but also causes positive effects on postoperative visual analogue scale scores
Automating Thematic Analysis with Multi-Agent LLM Systems
No full textThematic analysis (TA) is a method used to identify, examine, and present themes within data. TA is often a manual, multistep, and time-intensive process requiring collaboration among multiple researchers. TA’s iterative subtasks, including coding data, identifying themes, and resolving inter-coder disagreements, are especially laborious for large data sets. Given recent advances in natural language processing, Large Language Models (LLMs) offer the potential for automation at scale. Recent literature has explored the automation of isolated steps of the TA process, tightly coupled with researcher involvement at each step. Research using such hybrid approaches has reported issues in LLM generations, such as hallucination, inconsistent output, and technical limitations (e.g., token limits). This paper proposes a multi-agent system, differing from previous systems using an orchestrator LLM agent that spins off multiple LLM sub-agents for each step of the TA process, mirroring all the steps previously done manually. In addition to more accurate analysis results, this iterative coding process based on agents is also expected to result in increased transparency of the process, as analytical stages are documented step-by-step. We study the extent to which such a system can perform a full TA without human supervision. Preliminary results indicate human-quality codes and themes based on alignment with human-derived codes. Nevertheless, we still observe differences in coding complexity and thematic depth. Despite these differences, the system provides critical insights on the path to TA automation while maintaining consistency, efficiency, and transparency in future qualitative data analysis, which our open-source datasets, coding results, and analysis enable
Investigation of the effects of Bergenin on CD4+T cells in imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model
No full textINTRODUCTION: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and immune system cells, especially T lymphocytes, play akey role in its pathogenesis (Luo, 2025).AIM: Bergenin (BER) dramatically lessens the severity of psoriasis, according to studies done on a psoriasis mouse modelfor a doctoral thesis (Keskin et al. 2024). In this regard, the current work intends to assess the immunoregulatory effects onCD4+ and CD3+ T cell populations in a psoriasis mouse model of the BER drug, which is well-known for its anti-inflammatoryqualities and demonstrated effectiveness in ex vivo investigations on helper T (Th) cell growth.Materials & METHODS: The effects of CD4+ T cells (Th1, Th17, Th22, and Treg) and CD3+ T cells on the release of IL-6, IL10, IL-22, and TNF-α cytokines in mouse inguinal lymph node and spleen tissues were thoroughly characterized by flowcytometry to clarify the mechanism of action of BER. Flow cytometry results were analyzed using the BD Fascaria III FlowCytometry or FlowJo. Data were performed with Student t test using Graphpad.RESULTS: In the results, significant increases in the percentage of CD4+, CD4+IL-17+, CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IL-22+ T cellswere observed in the IMQ group, whereas a significant decrease in the percentage of CD3+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells wasfound. While BER therapy stabilized the CD4+ T cell population, it dramatically reduced Th17 cells (CD4+IL-17+) andproinflammatory IL-22+ cells. Furthermore, CD3+TNF-α+ T cell ratio was significantly decreased in the treatment groupcompared to the IMQ group.CONCLUSION: Our results showed that BER has the potential to restore immune homeostasis by suppressingproinflammatory T cell responses in psoriasis mouse model and may be an effective therapeutic candidate, especially withits Th17/Treg balance regulating effects. More detailed studies are needed to fully understand the immunomodulatoryactivity of BER and to transfer it to clinical applications.Keywords: Psoriasis, T cell, Th17, Treg, Th22, Bergenin</p
Analysis of Thymus fedtschenkoi var. handelii (Ronniger), a natural provider of ursolic and oleanolic acids with significant pharmaceutical value
No full textAbstract: The increasing interest in Thymus species is due to their rich phytochemical content and traditional medicinal uses. Thymus fedtschenkoi var. handelii, an endemic and rarely investigated plant, has been studied only for its essential oil. This study aimed to investigate the chemical and biological properties of the essential oil (EO) and ethanol extract (EE) of T. fedtschenkoi var. handelii. The phenolic content of the species was evaluated using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/FID was used to analyze the chemical structure of triterpenoids, EO and aroma. Moreover, the cytotoxic and antioxidant properties as well as the suppression of tyrosinase, Hmg-CoA reductase, elastase, urease, angiotensin, and collagenase enzymes were investigated. Linalool (33.92%) and thymol (11.02%) in the EO and α-pinene (17.06%) and eucalyptol (16.20%) in the aroma were determined to be high. The species’ root and aerial component EE shown strong antioxidant activity, particularly in the ABTS, DPPH, and CUPRAC techniques. In the enzyme inhibition studies, the aerial parts and root EE showed high urease enzyme activity (80.84 ± 2.31% and 45.01 ± 0.24 at 100 µg/mL, respectively). Based on LC-MS/MS and GC-MS data, it was determined that the root of the species contained notably high concentrations of rosmarinic acid (9308.04 µg analyte/g extract), while the aerial parts contained quinic (5453.32), malic (2326.19), ursolic (145866.04), betulinic (13296.75) and oleanolic (42465.91) acids. Rich in secondary metabolites like linalool, rosmarinic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid, and exhibiting notable antioxidant and urease enzyme inhibition capacities, the species holds promise as a source of economically valuable compounds for diverse industries
Sylvia Plath'in Sırça Fanus'u ile Tezer Özlü'nün Çocukluğun Soğuk Geceleri Eserlerinin Yabancılaşma Teması Bağlamında Karşılaştırılması
No full textBu çalışma, karşılaştırmalı edebiyatın teorik çerçevesi üzerinden yabancılaşma temasını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yabancılaşma kavramı, tarihsel, felsefi ve sosyolojik bir zemin üzerinde ele alınmış; dünya ve Türk edebiyatında temanın ne şekilde işlendiği örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Karşılaştırmalı edebiyatın temel ilkeleri ve yöntemlerinden faydalanılarak yabancılaşmanın edebi eserlerdeki yansımaları analiz edilmiştir. Sylvia Plath ve Tezer Özlü’nün hayatları, edebi kişilikleri ile Sırça Fanus ve Çocukluğun Soğuk Geceleri adlı otobiyografik eserleri üzerinden yapılan karşılaştırmalı çözümleme, iki farklı kültürel bağlamda benzer temaların nasıl işlendiğine ışık tutmuştur. Her iki eserde de yabancılaşmada etkin rolü olan ebeveyn tutumları, toplum yapısı, duygusal ilişkileri ve okul yaşantısı irdelenmiştir. Modern bireyin hayatı kurmaca karakterler üzerinden ele alındığında öne çıkan başat tipin hem dış dünyaya hem de kendi iç dünyasına yabancılaşmış birey olduğu kanısına ulaşabiliriz. Çalışmamızdaki her iki kadın karakterin intihar, bunaltı, delilik, korku ve kaçış temalarıyla derinleşen yabancılaşmaları işlenmiştir. Bu yabancılaşmanın izi sürülürken kadın karakterlerin ataerkil toplumda karşılaştıkları toplumsal ve kültürel baskı, ayrımcılığın yanı sıra cinsiyetçi rol ve sorumluluklar yoluyla ortaya koydukları var oluş mücadelesi gösterilmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi, karşılaştırmalı okuma, tema ve motif çözümlemeleri ile çok katmanlı bir değerlendirmeye dayanmakta; psikolojik, sosyolojik ve tarihsel yaklaşımlardan faydalanmaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular yabancılaşmış bireyin kendisiyle, toplumla ve çoğu kez zamanla bağının koptuğunu ve yabancılaşmanın modern bireyin evrensel bir sorunu olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda edebi eserlerin, bireyin iç dünyasındaki yabancılaşmayı yansıtan güçlü araçlar olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.This thesis explores the theme of alienation through the framework of comparative literature. The concept of alienation is examined from historical, philosophical, and sociological perspectives, and its reflections in world and Turkish literature are analyzed with selected examples. By utilizing the core principles and methodologies of comparative literature, this study conducts a thematic analysis of literary representations of alienation. In particular, the lives and the literary identities of Sylvia Plath and Tezer Özlü with their works The Bell Jar and Çocukluğun Soğuk Geceleri are analyzed comparatively, revealing how similar existential themes are expressed within different cultural contexts. Both works analyzed parental manners, social structure, emotional relationships, and school life, effectively affecting roles in alienation. When the modern individual’s life is examined through fictional characters, we can conclude that the dominant type that stands out is the individual alienated from both the outside world and her own inner world. In our study, the alienation of both female characters which is deepened by themes of suicide, anxiety, madness, fear, and escape, is being studied. While tracing this alienation, the social and cultural pressure and discrimination that female characters, face in a patriarchal society, as well as sexist roles and responsibilities and the struggle for existence are shown. The methodology of this study is based on a multi-layered comparative approach, incorporating psychological, sociological, and historical readings. The findings show that the alienated individual has lost touch with herself and society, and oftentimes, alienation is a universal problem of the modern individual. In this sense, literary texts emerge as strong tools that reflect the inner world and emotional detachment of individuals from society, culture, and themselves.</p