Institute for Advanced Science, Social, and Sustainable Future
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Bitter leaf extract modulates antioxidant enzymes, immunoglobulins, organ weights, meat oxidation, and hepatic stress markers in broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin B1
Full text linkBackground: This study examined the effects of bitter leaf extract on the oxidative enzymes, stress markers, immunoglobulins, organ weights, meat oxidation, and liver health in broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin-B1. Methods: 240 day-old mixed-sex Cobb-500 broiler chickens were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: CONT (Control); BE0AF (0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin-B1); BE1AF (0.5 mg/kg aflatoxin B1 + 1 g bitter leaf powder/ L H2O) or BE2AF (0.5mg/kg aflatoxin-B1 + 2 g bitter leaf powder/ L H2O), each with 60 chickens (6 replicates of 10 chickens). Findings: BE0AF significantly (P<0.05) lowered the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and higher malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to untreated chickens. BE2AF resulted in similar MDA levels compared to chickens in the BE1AF and CONT groups. BE0AF group showed higher (P<0.05) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lower catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels than other groups. Immunoglobulin G levels were notably (P<0.05) lower in the BE0AF group, while immunoglobulins M and A were significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to the BE3AF and BE2AF groups. Liver and spleen weights were higher in the aflatoxin group, and meat catalase was lower (P<0.05) in BE0AF. Lipid and protein oxidation were higher (P<0.05) in BE0AF compared to CONT. Furthermore, liver HSP70, NF-κB, and LDH levels were higher (P<0.05) in BE0AF. Conclusion: Oral administration of bitter leaf extract of 1-2g/ L H2O bitter leaf powder mitigated oxidative stress and protected against aflatoxin-induced damage by improving various physiological markers in broiler chickens. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study was to assess the impact of bitter leaf aqueous extract on organ weights, immunoglobulin levels, serum biomarkers, meat oxidation, hepatic oxidative enzymes, and nuclear factor kappa B in broiler chickens exposed to AFB1
Exploring the role of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots: Hydrothermal carbonization, bioimaging in vivo/in vitro, and biomedical application
No full textBackground: Carbon-based nanoparticle classes consisting of various subgroups based on morphology and crystallinity are called carbon dots (CQDs). The physical, chemical, and optical properties of CQDs can be modified using the simple pot synthesis technique. Additionally, its non-toxic nature, biocompatibility, physical and chemical responsiveness, resistance to chemical and photo bleaching, and low cost make it suitable for various purposes, such as biomedical imaging applications. Biomass waste, which has been widely discarded without economic utilization and potential, can surprisingly be used as a precursor for CQDs. Method: The literature was systematically collected from major databases. Studies from 2017–2025 were analyzed based on synthesis strategies, surface functionalization, and biological performance. Its potential in the medical field is highly advantageous. CQDs have fluorescence that is useful for biomedical imaging both in vivo and in vitro. The hydrothermal carbonization approach is also discussed in more detail, highlighting its green and sustainable synthesis, as well as the ease of the synthesis process. Finding: It was found that CQDs have compatibility and adjustable optical properties. Its fluorescence can clearly record tissues, body care, aging, and living cells. Utilizing renewable biomass precursors offers an environmentally friendly and cost-effective route for synthesizing fluorescent nanoprobes with excellent water solubility, tunable emission, and low cytotoxicity. Additionally, in vitro studies reinforce CQDs as multicolor fluorescent probes, and in vivo studies demonstrate that CQDs have low toxicity, rapid clearance, are safe, and biocompatible. Conclusion: This paper delves into the remarkable potential of CQDs to provide insights into how fluorescent inks are truly essential in biomedical imaging. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a comprehensive and updated synthesis of CQD research spanning up to 2025, specifically focusing on the transition from "waste to nanoprobe.
Circular energy integration: Optimization of refuse derived fuel pellets and residual heat recovery for industrial decarbonization
No full textBackground: Indonesia's industrial sector contributes 36% to national carbon emissions with 30-60% of thermal energy wasted as residual heat, while 68.5 million tons of waste per year, 60-70% of which is inorganic waste, is not managed optimally. Methods: This study used a literature review method with a systematic approach to examine and analyze the circular energy integration system. The literature sources used included Scopus and Web of Science indexed international journals, accredited national journals, reference books, and policy and regulatory documents related to waste and energy management in Indonesia. Findings: This system combines three main components, namely the production of RDF pellets from inorganic waste, the recovery of residual heat from industrial processes, and a real-time emission monitoring system to ensure environmental compliance. The integration of these three components creates synergies that not only reduce waste volume and greenhouse gas emissions but also produce alternative energy that can substitute fossil fuels in industrial applications. Conclusion: This study suggests that system integration can assist in implementing industrial decarbonization. Novelty/Originality of this article: The innovative aspect presented is the integration of RDF Pellets as co-firing with the utilization of residual heat in boilers so that it can be fully utilized
Plantation-driven deforestation and ecosystem degradation: Assessing the efficacy of environmental governance in tropical forest landscapes
No full textBackground: Plantation expansion has emerged as a major catalyst of land-use transformation across tropical regions, including Bulungan Regency, North Kalimantan, where extensive deforestation and ecosystem degradation have occurred over the last two decades. This research investigates the interlinkages between plantation growth, deforestation, and environmental decline to construct a holistic understanding of ecological changes in plantation-dominated landscapes. While prior research indicates that uncontrolled development of oil palm and rubber plantations has driven deforestation, biodiversity loss, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, spatially detailed assessments at the regional level remain scarce. Method: Employing a descriptive–quantitative approach, this study utilizes secondary spatial and temporal datasets from Global Forest Watch and the Central Bureau of Statistics (2001–2024) to evaluate changes in forest cover, tree loss caused by fire, and GHG emission trends. Finding: Integrated spatial-statistical analyses reveal that Regency has lost approximately 197,000 hectares of primary moist forest (19% of its total), with about 69% of tree cover loss driven by permanent land-use conversion linked to plantation expansion. Fires contributed 6.8% of total tree loss and were spatially associated with recently established plantations. GHG emissions peaked at 19.8 MtCO₂e in 2012, aligning with a period of intensive deforestation, but declined to 5.52 MtCO₂e in 2024 due to enhanced environmental governance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that plantation-induced land conversion alters hydrological processes, reduces atmospheric humidity, and accelerates carbon emissions, forming a feedback loop that amplifies regional climate effects. This study contributes an integrated spatial perspective on plantation-driven deforestation and its ecological implications, offering new insights for sustainable land-use management in tropical regions. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study provides a long-term (24-year) spatio-temporal analysis that specifically identifies the "feedback loop" between plantation-driven deforestation, localized fire susceptibility, and GHG emission fluctuations
Usage patterns and constraints of harnessing social media channels for entrepreneurship among youths in Nigeria
Full text linkBackground: In recent years, social media channels have emerged as powerful tools for entrepreneurship, but every innovation of man has come with two-faced implications; on one side are opportunities, while on the other side are limitations. Accordingly, this paper presents the outcome of research on the usage patterns and constraints of harnessing social media channels for entrepreneurship among youths in Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to identify the usage patterns as well as the constraints of harnessing social media channels for entrepreneurship among youths in Nigeria. Methods: The study was anchored on the uses and gratifications theory. It adopted the descriptive survey research design and multi-stage sampling technique to derive responses from a sample size of 384 youths aged between 18 and 29 years. The instruments for data collection were focus group discussions and the questionnaire, while data were analysed using explanation-building and statistical techniques of mean and standard deviation. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that some youths in Rivers State use social media channels for microblogging, marketing, digital influencing, and brand promotion. However, challenges such as cyberbullying and internet fraud significantly hinder entrepreneurial outcomes. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the researcher concluded that while social media gratifies a wide variety of youths entrepreneurial needs, youths are, on the other hand, sacrificing so much for these gratifications as it imposes trade-offs on their mental health and productivity. Novelty/Originality of this article: The study recommends digital literacy programmes, stronger regulatory frameworks, and entrepreneurial mentorship to maximise benefits and mitigate risks
Digital literacy and the english language classroom: Analyzing teachers’ readiness and policy gaps
No full textBackground: This paper aims to analyze teachers’ readiness in implementing digital literacy and identify the policy gaps affecting technology integration in language classrooms within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum. Methods: This study uses the systematic literature review (SLR) method to analyze research and policy documents published between 2020 and 2025. Data were collected from the Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases using keywords such as ‘digital literacy’, ‘EFL teachers’, and ‘Merdeka Curriculum’. The collected data were analyzed using a six-stage thematic analysis to identify patterns, challenges, and policy implications related to teacher readiness and technology integration. Findings: The findings showed that although most teachers have comprehensive understanding of the Merdeka Curriculum concepts, there is a significant gaps between teachers’ understanding and the real classroom practices. The main factor is limitations on teachers’ training, infrastructure, and resource disparities between urban and rural areas. Furthermore, the national education policy is partially responsive to the actual condition on-the-ground. Conclusion: This study concludes that digital literacy is a fundamental competency, not merely an additional skill, for the successful implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. Although teachers' theoretical understanding is relatively high, there is a significant gap in classroom practice due to infrastructure disparities and training needs that are more focused on pedagogy. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study contributes to the understanding of how digital literacy can serve as a bridge between national education reform and classroom practice. It also highlights the urgent need for continuous professional training and context-based digital education policy to ensure equitable and sustainable implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum across Indonesia
Beyond human capital: Reclaiming higher education through the lens of epistemic sustainability
No full textBackground: Discussions about the global education paradigm are synonymous with freedom of competition and accountability. This contrasts with the Indonesian education paradigm, which focuses on the concept of harmony between intellectual and moral development. To achieve a balance between the two paradigms, Indonesia’s Merdeka Belajar–Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) reform was launched to promote autonomy, creativity, and innovation in higher education. Yet, beneath its emancipatory discourse, MBKM remains anchored in a human-capital paradigm that measures success through employability rather than moral, ecological, and epistemic reflection. This imbalance reflects a broader crisis in modern education, where freedom is equated with market adaptability instead of ethical responsibility. Methods: This study employs a qualitative conceptual approach, combining critical discourse analysis of MBKM policy documents with theoretical synthesis across decolonial, ecological, and educational thought. The analysis proceeds through three interpretive stages—policy examination, literature synthesis, and theoretical engagement—to uncover the epistemological foundations and "regimes of truth" that govern the current reform. Findings: Three epistemic challenges are identified: epistemic reduction—the confinement of knowledge to technical and measurable forms; moral and ecological detachment—the separation of learning from ethical and environmental consciousness; and managerial autonomy—a paradoxical freedom constrained by neoliberal metrics. These tendencies perpetuate dependency on Western epistemic norms while marginalizing Indonesia’s moral–cultural heritage rooted in budi pekerti and pendidikan merdeka. Conclusion: To transcend this industrial-epistemic paradigm, Indonesian universities must pursue epistemic sustainability—the capacity to sustain and regenerate plural ways of knowing (scientific, local, ethical, and spiritual) in balance. This paradigm repositions education as a moral and civic practice, aligning freedom (merdeka) with responsibility and care. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study introduces epistemic sustainability as an integrative framework linking decolonial, ecological and educational thought, offering a pathway to operationalize the ecology of knowledge within Indonesia’s educational reform
Green pawn financing for MSMEs as an ESG-oriented transformation of pawnshop
No full textBackground: The transformation of the national financial sector following the implementation of Law No. 4/2023 and its derivative regulations, marks a new phase in strengthening the institutional role of Pegadaian as a key actor in microfinance in Indonesia. In the context of sustainability and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), there is no pawn-based microfinance scheme that proactively targets green MSMEs, even though the potential and demand for green financial products continue to increase. Methods: This article aims to analyze the institutional feasibility and concept of Green Pawn Financing, which is a pawn financing scheme based on ESG principles, while identifying the potential and challenges of its implementation. This study uses a descriptive-analytical approach with a normative institutional review. Institutional innovation theory, sustainable regulatory frameworks, and green financial inclusion literature are used as the basis for analysis. Findings: The results of the study show that Pegadaian already has an adequate initial foundation through gold savings, electric vehicle loans, and a corporate ESG roadmap. However, the integration of ESG into pawn services is not yet systemic and does not explicitly target green MSMEs. This creates a strategic gap that "Green Pawn Financing" can fill by bridging national climate targets with micro-level operational realities within a conducive regulatory framework. Conclusion: The Green Pawn Financing concept offered includes interest and loan tenor incentives, light environmental audits based on emissions calculations, and the potential development of carbon pawn and sustainability certificate-based collateral. Regulatory-wise, this scheme is compatible with the national sustainability framework and has the potential to support green financing targets. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article contributes to positioning Green Pawn Financing as an instrument for domestic commodity-based (gold) micro green finance transition, which not only expands financial inclusion but also increases public trust in Pegadaian as a sustainable financial institution
Strengthening the resilience of the MICE industry: Navigating budgetary dependency, gender parity, and environmental sustainability
No full textBackground: The tourism sector encompasses MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions). Human resources, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, exhibition contractors, and audio, sound, and lighting equipment are just a few of the many cross-sectoral companies that operate in this area. Along with having a positive economic impact, the MICE sector helps Indonesia's tourism industry. Every MICE event in Indonesia draws thousands of participants from both foreign and indigenous nations. The opportunity to visit neighboring tourist destinations is offered to participants. This will increase economic output, create jobs, and broaden Indonesia's travel offerings internationally. Furthermore, the MICE events help to improve Indonesia's global connectedness and contribute to the enhancement of Indonesia's global reputation. Methods: This study uses primary and secondary data approaches, which entail gathering data with common tools and focusing on observable and interpretable outcomes. The primary data is derived from the author's professional experience and an online validation survey, while the secondary data is gathered through library research of journals, reports, and official publications to support the qualitative analysis. Findings: Without having an impact on the national economy, the MICE sector will generate a lot of jobs and help the general public prosper. However, the study also identifies critical challenges, including heavy reliance on government budgets, pervasive gender inequality in leadership, and the urgent need for sustainable waste management protocols. Conclusion: The study concludes that the MICE industry’s resilience depends on a strategic shift toward financial independence from government funding and the institutionalization of gender equality in leadership. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study offers a novel integrated framework for the MICE sector by bridging the gap between digital-era operational efficiency and often-overlooked socio-environmental dimensions, such as gender equity and sustainable waste mitigation
Green accounting in maintaining the economic stability of MSMEs amid the impact of the MBG program towards a golden Indonesia
No full textBackground: Transformation towards a green economy is one of the main directions of national development in realizing the vision of Golden Indonesia 2045, with micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) as key actors in the economy. On the other hand, the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal Program (MBG) has economic implications for MSMEs, especially changes in demand patterns and local business dynamics. This research aims to analyze the role of green accounting as a strategic instrument in maintaining the stability and sustainability of MSMEs in the midst of the impact of MBG policies. Methods: This study employs a literature review method using structured thematic analysis of secondary sources from academic databases and official publications, systematically categorizing and synthesizing studies on green accounting, MSME sustainability, and related policies to identify patterns, theoretical linkages, and research gaps, thereby constructing a conceptual framework connecting environmental accounting practices with economic resilience within Indonesia’s policy context. Findings: The findings indicate that green accounting strengthens MSMEs’ environmental responsibility, operational efficiency, and economic resilience amid the implementation of the Free Nutritious Meal (MBG) program, enabling better cost management, sustainability reporting, and competitiveness; however, its adoption remains constrained by limited financial and human resources, highlighting the need for institutional support, digital tools, and policy incentives to optimize its contribution to sustainable national development and the SDGs toward Indonesia Emas 2045. Conclusion: These findings confirm that green accounting not only functions as a recording tool for environmental accounting, but also as an adaptive mechanism that bridges the government's social policies with the economic resilience of MSMEs. Novelty/Originality of this article: This research contributes to the development of sustainable accounting studies by placing green accounting as a strategic foundation for strengthening MSMEs that are inclusive and in line with the sustainable development agenda towards a Golden Indonesia 2045