Physical Education and Sport Through The Centuries (E-Journal)
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FOOTBALL IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY - POLITICAL AND MEDIA ASPECTS
Get PDFThe relationship between football, politics and the media sheds light on the essence of this modern sport, expressing the strength of their mutual connection, which is manifested through the power of the state and the media. The rapid development of football is conditioned by the media of mass communication, which enabled it to acquire such a position that will increase its influence on social movements. Just as the political elite quickly realized the power of the mass communication media, so with the increasing popularity of football presented in the form of a media spectacle, this sport profiled itself as the "perfect political tool". Considering the set goal of the paper to show the position of football in contemporary society with particular reference to the political and media aspect of the relationship between football and society, it can be concluded that the bond between the observed social constituents is very strong and unbreakable. Football as a global sport, on the one hand, represents a powerful source and platform for socio-political action, while, on the other hand, media coverage of probably the most popular sport in the world brings huge financial profit and influence. Therefore, it is completely clear that football is a very profitable and significant partner in the development of social relations
DETERMINANTS OF SATISFACTION WITH LIFE AMONG CADET FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Get PDFThe aim of this empirical research was to examine the contribution of the predictors physical activity, physical self- description, and health status in explaining the satisfaction with life in adolescent football players. The average age of participants was 15.62 ± 1.19 years of age. The sample included (N = 163) cadets from Valjevo football clubs. The following measuring instruments were used: The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-S), The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire-Short Form (PSDQ-S), and The short form-36 Health Survey (SF-36), and Satisfaction with life Scale (SWLC). The Cronbach's alpha was used to examine the internal consistency of the measuring instruments, and it has confirmed their reliability, which means that these questionnaires and scales can be used on Serbian population for future research. The regression results obtained in the first step revealed a statistically significant correlation between the independent variable self-description and the criterion satisfaction with life, with 8% of the variance (β = 0.20, p ≤ 0.01). It means that the participants who more positively perceive physical self-description are more satisfied with their life. In addition, in the second step of the regression equation, the predictor physical functioning (β = 0.21, p ≤ 0.01), with the positive direction of 12% of the variability, predicts the dependent variable satisfaction with life. It means that the young athletes who perceive their physical functioning as more prominent are more satisfied with life. This transversal study offers discussion on theoretical and potentially practical implications of the findings on the relations of determinants of physical activity, physical self-description, and health status in predicting the construct satisfaction with life among cadet football players
TRIATHLON PERFORMANCE: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND TRAINING STRATEGIES FROM SUPER SPRINT TO LONG DISTANCE EVENTS
Get PDFTriathlon is an endurance sport that combines swimming, cycling, and running across varied race distances, each imposing unique physiological and tactical demands. This article examines the distinct demands of triathlon race formats and offers insights into optimized training and periodization strategies for different distances, from super-sprint to long distance. Key physiological determinants such as VO₂max, lactate threshold, efficiency, and durability play critical roles in endurance performance, with the relative importance of each factor varying by distance. Shorter races necessitate high-intensity work and quick bursts of anaerobic power, while longer events rely heavily on aerobic efficiency and durability to maintain performance over time. The article contrasts traditional and block periodization methods, emphasizing the advantages of block periodization for short-distance athletes. Additionally, training intensity distribution models, such as pyramidal and polarized, are explored, highlighting their applications to both short- and long-distance training needs. Finally, season scheduling and competition preparation are discussed, including the significance of tapering for peak performance. Together, these insights provide a framework for structuring effective training and competition schedules tailored to different triathlon distances
SPORTS PHOTOGRAPHY AS A RESOURCE OF MOTIVATION FOR PHYSICAL EXERCISE OF YOUNG PEOPLE
Get PDFMotivation is a very complex psychological phenomenon that can influence a person to achieve the desired results in the field of his interest. Motivation in itself can be external and internal, where it is external, more oriented towards achieving goals that will bring certain recognition to the person, while it is internal, related to further improvement and advancement in life. Recreational physical exercise is largely determined by a certain level of motivation, which means that the more motivated a person is, the more active he will be in different forms and levels of recreational exercise and vice versa. Thanks to the modern technological revolution, very powerful technological resources are available today that can influence the promotion of a recreational form of physical exercise, as well as the motivation of people to be more physically active. Sports photography is a powerful visual tool that can be used to promote a recreational form of physical exercise. Thanks to its artistic dimension, sports photography can make a significant contribution to a higher level of motivation for recreational physical exercise among young people. The application of sports photography in physical education classes would contribute to a higher level of student motivation to be more engaged in all phases of the lesson itself. It can be assumed that the application of technological resources such as videos and sports photos in the form of the motivational stimulators can significantly contribute to the understanding of one’s own capabilities. And contribute to a greater interest of the youngest population in joining the physical exercise movement and choosing the sport that they will practice with their generation
EFFECTS OF CORE TRAINING ON AN UNSTABLE SURFACE ON THE FUNCTIONAL MOBILITY OF ADOLESCENTS
Get PDFThis study determined the effects of core body ball Pilates training on the functional mobility of adolescents. The study included 48 participants who were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (E; n = 24) or a control group (C; n = 24). Participants in the experimental group performed exercises on a Pilates ball twice a week for ten weeks. The control group followed the regular physical education (PE) program. The sample of measurement instruments consisted of seven standard Functional Mobility Screening (FMS) tests. The results indicated that the experimental program led to statistically significant improvements and had medium effects on the results of the Trunk Stability Push-Up (p< .01; ES=.41), Rotational Stability (p< .05; ES=.35), and Shoulder Mobility tests (p< .05; ES=.29). The control group did not show statistically significant improvements in any of the FMS tests (p> .05). The results of intergroup differences in functional mobility at the final measurement indicated statistically significantly better results in the experimental group in three of seven FMS tests. Moderate effects of the applied experimental treatment in the Trunk Stability Push-Up (ES=.41), Rotational Stability (ES=.31), and Shoulder Mobility (ES=.35) tests were determined. Effects ranging from small to moderate were observed in the Active Straight-Leg Raise test (ES=.19). In the Deep Squat test, Hurdle Step, and In-Line Lunge tests, the effect size measures were small (ES=.01). The study confirmed the superiority of Pilates on the ball compared to the regular PE program in the adaptation of functional mobility in adolescents
TREND IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY LEVELS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 11 TO 14
Get PDFThe research assessed the level of physical activity (PA) of boys and girls aged 11-14, as well as trends in PA levels. The sample included a total of 433 children aged 11-14, comprising 238 boys and 195 girls. PA was assessed using the FELS questionnaire, which included questions about the frequency of PA in sports, PA during leisure time, PA at home, and overall PA. To determine the trend in PA levels across specific domains and overall, trend analysis was applied, followed by comparisons using the LSD Post Hoc Test. Data were processed using the SPSS statistical package (p < .05).
The results showed that boys had significantly higher levels of PA across all periods compared to girls. Significant changes in PA levels among boys were observed in the domain of PA in sports (Sig. = < .001) and overall PA (Sig. = .008). A significant decline in PA in sports among boys was noted between the ages of 11 and 13, as well as between 11 and 14 years, while the decline in overall PA was observed between the ages of 11 and 13. Among girls, a decline in PA in the domain of household chores was identified between the ages of 11 and 14. In the domain of overall PA, significant decreases were observed between the ages of 11 and 13, 11 and 14, 12 and 13, and 12 and 14.
It was found that PA among children aged 11-14 significantly decreases around the ages of 12 and 13. Efforts should focus on promoting PA within this population group and identifying appropriate strategies to increase or at least maintain PA levels during this critical period
JUMPING OBSTACLES: THE LINK BETWEEN THE GENDER OF THE RIDER AND FAULTS COMMITTED AT BEGINNER OR INTERMIDATE EVENTS
Get PDFEquestrian sport is the only Olympic sport in which male and female competitors participate next to one another. The aim of this study was to analyze whether there is a link between the gender of the rider and performance, as well as whether there is a statistically significant difference between male and female riders at the beginner and intermediate level of competition in terms of jumping obstacles. The variables selected for analysis were the knock down, refusal, a fall in the parkour, faults committed during an approach on a straight line and an approach on a curve, faults committed in relation to the color of the obstacle, faults committed at single and combination obstacles, faults committed at the staccionata, oxer, and Liverpool, and faults committed during the double and triple jump. The performance indicator was defined as an outcome with no faults or an outcome with a fault committed during the jump. The analysis included 256 take-offs, from 12 jumping events at open regional club competitions of the CSN – A* category in 2022, held in Zagreb, and the CSN – A** category in 2023, held in Osijek. In total, 3065 jumps over 2683 obstacles were analyzed, 2345 of which were single and 329 combination. The results indicated a weak correlation between the gender of the rider and the performance indicators, whereby the Mann-Whitney U test did not determine a statistically significant difference between the gender of the riders when it came to the faults committed in relation to the studied variables. The number of female competitors is greater at the beginner and intermediate level at jumping events. A weak correlation was identified between the gender of the rider and the faults committed, whereby gender does not impact the performance. The analysis of the performance indicators for jumping obstacles can provide guidelines for coaches and riders alike in their future work with the aim of achieving a more successful sports performance. The analysis could also help the course designers to create a parkour with various levels of nuanced difficulty