Kabale University Digital Repository (KAB-DR)
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Examining the Effects of Tourism Activities on the Livelihood of Communities Living in and Around Queen Elizabeth National Park.
No full textThis study, titled "Examining the Effects of Tourism Activities on the Livelihood of Communities Living In and Around Queen Elizabeth National Park," investigates the impact of tourism on the socio-economic conditions of local communities. Utilizing a cross-sectional study design, the research involved 133 respondents, including government authorities, social and economic developers, elected politicians, and local community members. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires, and observation, integrating both quantitative and qualitative analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject findings reveal that while tourism significantly contributes to the local economy by creating jobs and generating income, it also presents challenges such as seasonal employment, income instability, and environmental degradation. The reliance on tourism as a primary income source has made local communities vulnerable to economic fluctuations, particularly during the off-season. Moreover, environmental concerns, including habitat destruction and resource depletion, have emerged as critical issues needing urgent attention. To address the challenges identified, the study proposes several key strategies: promoting the diversification of income sources through alternative livelihoods such as agriculture and small businesses to reduce dependency on tourism; implementing financial literacy programs to help communities better manage their finances, particularly during low tourist seasons; encouraging sustainable tourism practices by emphasizing environmental conservation and involving local communities in sustainability efforts to ensure long-term benefits from tourism; developing year-round tourism initiatives to provide consistent income throughout the year; strengthening community engagement by enhancing the involvement of local communities in tourism planning and decision-making; and reinvesting tourism revenue into local infrastructure and healthcare services to improve overall community well-being
An Investigation on the Effect of Aloe Vera (Brevicoryne Brassicae) Extract on Cabbage Aphids.
No full textCabbage aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae) are significant pests of brassica crops worldwide, causing substantial economic losses. Overusing synthetic insecticides has led to environmental concerns and the development of insecticide-resistant aphid populations. This study investigated the efficacy of aloe vera extract as a natural insecticide against cabbage aphids. The results showed that aloe vera extract exhibited significant insecticidal activity against cabbage aphids, with the highest mortality rate of 70% observed at a concentration of 15% after 6 hours of application. The rate of action of aloe vera extract was found to be concentration-dependent, and the optimal concentration was determined to be 15%. These findings suggest that aloe vera extract is a promising natural insecticide for controlling cabbage aphid populations, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of aloe vera extract in controlling other insect pests and to develop effective formulations for commercial use
Effect of Male Involvement in Parenting and the Moral Development of Children in Southern Division Kabale Municipality.
No full textThe study examined the effect of male involvement in parenting and the moral development of children in Southern Division Kabale Municipality. The objectives of the study were; to investigate the importance of male parent involvement in parenting and the moral development of children, to identify challenges faced by males in actively participating in parenting and the moral development of children, and to suggest possible strategies to improve male involvement in parenting and the moral development of children. A descriptive survey design was used and data was collected using interviews and questionnaires. The study findings on the importance of male parent involvement in parenting and the moral development of children, it was revealed that male parents serve as important role models for their children especially by displaying consistent behavior, emotional strength, and effective problem-solving skills to help children learn how to manage their emotions and cope with stress and on the challenges faced by males in actively participating in parenting and the moral development of children, it was revealed that the traditional gender roles and societal expectations often place the burden of primary caregiving on mothers and sometimes this limits male involvement in active participating in child upbringing. The study further on the possible strategies to improve male involvement in parenting and the moral development of children, it was revealed that the respondents mentioned encouraging positive male role models in the community who actively engage in child upbringing through creating mentorship programs that pair experienced fathers with new or expectant fathers to provide guidance, support, and practical advice on engaging in child upbringing and being positive role models. The study recommended that there should be advocacy for workplace policies that support male parents in their caregiving roles, such as paid paternity leave, flexible work hours, and telecommuting options to encourage employers to create a culture that values work-life balance and supports employees in their parenting responsibilities
Effect of Co-Curricular Activities on Students’ Academic Performance in Selected Secondary Schools in Kabale Municipality.
No full textThe development of a child’s body and mind demands proper nurturing and its physical and intellectual qualities are a few of the major determinants of his/her personality. Therefore, modern approaches to education emphasize on all-round development of the child. The process of education is not something static or a one-time measure rather, it is a continuous and lifelong endeavor that can be divided into two parts; curricular activities and co-curricular activities. Co-curricular activities, as the name implies, are those, not directly related to the prescribed curriculum and include; sports, athletics, scouting, cubing, various hobbies, excursions literary societies, dramatics, debates, etc. to bring social and physical adjustments in the child. The study concluded that in wholesome the overall effect of co-curricular activities on the student’s academic performance and personality development is positive and it complements the academic activities in the attainment of education’s main goal of bringing change in student behavior
Plasmodium Falciparum Genetic Diversity and Multiplicity of Infection Among Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Malaria-Infected Individuals in Uganda.
No full textPlasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) remains a significant public health challenge globally, especially in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it accounts for 99% of all malaria infections. The outcomes of P. falciparum infection vary, ranging from asymptomatic to severe, and are associated with factors such as host immunity, parasite genetic diversity, and multiplicity of infection (MOI). Using seven neutral microsatellite markers, the current study investigated P. falciparum genetic diversity and MOI in both asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria individuals in Uganda.
Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed 225 P. falciparum isolates from both asymptomatic and symptomatic malaria patients, ranging in age from 6 months to≥18 years. P. falciparum genetic diversity, MOI, and multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) were assessed through genotyping of seven neutral microsatellite markers: Polyα, TA1, TA109, PfPK2, 2490, C2M34–313, and C3M69–383. Genetic data analysis was performed using appropriate genetic analysis software.
Results P. falciparum infections exhibited high genetic diversity in both asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.79 in symptomatic uncomplicated malaria cases to 0.81 in asymptomatic individuals. There was no significant difference (p=0.33) in MOI between individuals with asymptomatic and symptomatic infections, with the mean MOI ranging from 1.92 in symptomatic complicated cases to 2.10 in asymptomatic individuals. Polyclonal infections were prevalent, varying from 58.5% in symptomatic complicated malaria to 63% in symptomatic uncomplicated malaria cases. A significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed
between asymptomatic and symptomatic uncomplicated/complicated infections (p<0.01). Genetic differentiation was low, with FST values ranging from 0.0034 to 0.0105 among P. falciparum parasite populations in asymptomatic
and symptomatic uncomplicated/complicated infections.
Conclusion There is a high level of P. falciparum genetic diversity and MOI among both symptomatic and asymp‑
automatic individuals in Uganda. Asymptomatic carriers harbor a diverse range of parasites, which poses challenges
for malaria control and necessitates targeted interventions to develop effective strategies
Informal Savings Groups and Economic Empowerment of Women in Northern Division Kabale Municipality.
No full textThe study explored women’s informal savings groups and their impact on the economic empowerment of women in the Northern Division, Kabale Municipality. The objectives were to identify the women’s savings groups in the area, assess the contributions of informal savings groups to women’s economic empowerment, and examine the challenges these groups face in promoting women’s economic empowerment. A descriptive research design was employed, with data gathered through interviews and questionnaires. Regarding the women’s savings groups in the Northern Division, the majority of respondents identified self-help groups, while the least mentioned groups included livelihood groups and producer collectives. On the contributions of informal savings groups to women’s economic empowerment, the most cited benefit was access to financial savings tools, which provide a pool of capital for emergencies. Conversely, the least mentioned benefit was access to safe-keeping facilities like a secure box. Concerning the challenges faced by women’s informal savings groups, the predominant issue highlighted was the competition threatening the survival of individual groups, while the least reported challenge was the lack of capital or financial resources. The study recommended that the government should support women’s savings groups by offering loans to enhance their savings capacity, thereby increasing their income and improving the socio-economic welfare of their families
Design and Prototype of a Remote-Controlled Cleaning System for River Rwizi in Mbarara District.
No full textThe River Rwizi in Mbarara District, Uganda, serves as a critical water source for the local community but faces severe pollution challenges due to accumulated debris, garbage, and plastics. This project aims to design and prototype a wireless river cleaning system equipped with a conveyor belt mechanism to efficiently lift and collect waste from the river's surface. The propulsion system is driven by BO gear motors controlled by an L293D motor driver, providing precise movement and maneuverability. The system is remotely controlled via a Bluetooth module (HC-05) interfaced with an Arduino Uno, ensuring ease of operation. Additional automation is achieved by integrating an ultrasonic sensor and a relay to stop the conveyor belt motors when the waste collection tray is full. The project includes the development of the necessary software using Arduino IDE and simulation using Proteus. This innovative solution aims to significantly reduce human risk in river cleaning operations while contributing to the preservation of the River Rwizi and improving the overall well-being of the Mbarara community
Youth Involvement in Pornography and Academic Engagement in Selected Secondary Schools in Kabale Municipality.
No full textThe study sought to assess youth involvement in pornography and academic engagement in secondary schools in Kabale Municipality, Kabale District. The study set out to specifically identify the different forms of pornography among the youth; assess various sources of pornographic materials; and to establish the relationship between pornography and youth academic engagement. The study employed a cross-sectional research design and later adopted a mixed methods approach (qualitative and quantitative approaches) which was used in examining the characteristics of the population as an approach to identify correlations of the study. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Scientists version 20.0.) software to obtain the Mean value and Standard Deviation, while qualitative data analysis used a narrative approach. The relationship between pornography and academic engagement was checked using the Pearson (r) correlation co-efficient.
The key findings from the study revealed that watching videos of naked persons on computers in the computer lab is the leading form of pornography (M=4.61, SD=.490), while on the sources of pornography, indecent dressing while showing private body parts was considered a major source of pornographic material (M=4.61, SD=.490). On the relationship between pornography use and youths‟ academic engagement, it was found that a positive correlation between the variables exists, indicating that pornography use has a significant effect on youth academic engagement. The study further found out that those adolescent students who encounter explicit materials in the form of images of naked persons, sex videos, and written material, were likely to experience potential addiction, reduced self-control, and cognitive impairment. Social media platforms, internet sources, and private messaging applications were revealed as the primary sources for obtaining pornographic content, together with the widespread use of the internet and smartphones in the area of study, and unrestricted access and absence of proper supervision mechanisms by parents, teachers, and other school administrators on what the youth should watch in the digital era. The intricate relationship between pornography and youth academic engagement was evident in the distractions caused by excessive consumption of pornographic material. This often led to decreased focus on studies due to instant gratification-seeking. Hence the potential influence on their perception of relationships and gender dynamics has resulted in emotional and social challenges that hinder academic engagement and performance.
The study concluded that the existing relationship between pornography and youth academic engagement is complex and multi-faceted. Addressing this issue requires comprehensive sex education, media literacy programs, and open dialogues to empower youths of school-going age to make informed choices. This fosters a healthy relationship approach and supports their overall well-being and academic success
Assessing the Effect of Groundnut Shell Ash-Lime Stabilization of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement for Road Construction.
No full textPavement rehabilitation and reconstruction generate large quantities of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycling into new asphalt paving mixtures is the predominant application. RAP acceptance in road bases and subbases has been limited, because of the lack of laboratory and field performance data while large quantities of groundnut shell ash (GSA) are generated from the combustion of groundnut shell and also disposed in large quantities on production sites and production of Lime not only imposes financial burdens but also contributes to environmental degradation and carbon emissions. This paper presents the results of the laboratory evaluation of the characteristics of GSA-Lime stabilized RAP with a view of determining its suitability for use as highway pavement material in flexible pavement construction. An X-ray fluorescence test was conducted on GSA to determine the chemical composition. Preliminary tests (Natural moisture content, Particle size distribution, and Atterberg limit) and engineering tests (compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR)) were conducted on the RAP samples in their natural state. (GSA +Lime) was then added to the RAP at 5, 10, 15 and 20% proportions. Atterberg limits, compaction, and CBR tests were conducted for each addition of (GSA +Lime). The RAP - (GSA +Lime) mixtures were subjected to British Standard (BS Heavy) compaction effort to determine the compaction characteristics and California bearing ratio (CBR). Test results show that the properties of RAP improved with GSA-Lime treatment. RAP was classified as A-1-a using the AASHTO classification system and the general rating as sub-grade in accordance with AASHTO (1986) is excellent too good. The values of Maximum dry density (MDD) increased from 1.894 and 2.016 g/cm3 at 5% and 10% (GSA +Lime) treatment respectively and decreased furthermore with an increase in the percentage of (GSA +Lime) while the optimum moisture content (OMC) increased with increase in (GSA +Lime) content in the RAP - (GSA +Lime) mixes. The test results show that there was a decrease in the liquid limit ranging from 34.5% to 31.2% at 0% and 20% (GSA +Lime). The CBR values increased at 5% and 10% (GSA +Lime) treatment from 2.6% at 0% to 20% and 49% respectively at 95% degree of compaction and from 2.8% at 0% to 22% and 65% respectively at 98% degree of compaction and values of CBR reduced with further increase in the percentage of (GSA +Lime). Optimum stabilization was obtained at 10% (GSA +Lime) where CBR values of 49% and 65% at 95% and 98% degrees of compaction respectively. This optimum mix (GSA +Lime) is suitable for use in the construction of the G45 Subbase layer and G60 Base course layer in road construction according to Uganda MoWH&C (2005). This research provides the results of the evaluation of (GSA +Lime) stabilized RAP as highway construction material, as it is based on CBR determination. Further studies can be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of lime like quicklime
Impact of Accommodation Facilities on Tourism Development in Kabale District.
No full textThe study was about assessing the impact of accommodation facilities on tourism development in Kabale District. The study was guided by three objectives which were: to investigate the contribution of accommodation facilities in the growth of tourism in Kabale district, to identify the challenges facing the accommodation facilities on tourism development in Kabale District, to suggest possible measures to solve challenges facing the accommodation facilities on tourism development in Kabale District. A targeted population was fifty (50) respondents who were considered for the study. These included senior staff, Managers, and Tourists. Both simple random and purposive sampling techniques in identifying the study sample population. The methods that were used in data collection included surveys, observations, and interviews. Data collected was edited, coded, entered into the computer, and analyzed with Excel, a Microsoft statistical package, the results were presented in tables. According to the findings, 100% of the respondents agreed that there were several contributions of hotels in the growth of tourism in Kabale district and among others included, Tourist hotels have helped the expansion of many economies around Kabale district, they provide a spirit of hospitality that exceeds their guests’ expectations, good tourist hotels that serves the tourists' purpose of visit, hotels and Tourism have long been considered an effective catalyst of rural socio-economic development and regeneration. From objective three, the study showed that there are several measures to solve challenges facing the accommodation facilities in tourism development and these included housekeeping challenges in hotels need to be managed well, give guests easier ways to communicate with the front desk, capture more guest information at check-in, hiring and retaining the staff, offer guests mobile check-in experiences, offer upsells & room upgrades in a convenient, consider implementing useful cost-saving strategies at the hotel