Kabale University Digital Repository (KAB-DR)
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Assessment of Impacts of Wastewater Discharge in River Rwizi in Mbarara City.
No full textA series of studies were conducted to indicate the level of environmental degradation being witnessed today. Globally, aquatic ecosystems are highly polluted. Over the past decades, increased human activity near surface water sources has adversely affected the water and ecological quality. A study was done to determine the potential impact of wastewater discharges in Mbarara City (Uganda) on the surface water quality. This research focused on both point and diffuse wastewater sources of domestic and industrial origins. Water and Wastewater samples were taken from one discharge sampling point representing residential origin and that from River Rwizi. Sample analysis was mainly limited to; the 5-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), turbidity, color, Ph, and E. coli because of their relevance as indicators of surface water pollution. These were to be compared with standards set by NEMA for wastewater. The study identified wastewater outflows into surface water mainly carried by unlined drains. The wastewater sources included; residential homes, car washing bays, and pit latrines. Efforts should thus be directed towards best management practices for the reduction of wastewater loads in the area
Investigating the Performance of Epoxy Concentrations in the Self-Healing of Concrete.
No full textConcrete, a fundamental construction material, is susceptible to various forms of damage (cracking). Formation of cracks may result due to the shrinkage effects during curing and mechanical loading which deteriorate the concrete performance especially in terms of durability aspect. Traditional methods of repair often involve human intervention and significant costs. In recent years, the concept of self-healing concrete has gained traction as a potential solution to mitigate the impact of cracks and enhance the longevity of structures. Self-healing concrete by using bacteria as a healing agent had gained interest among researchers. In contrast, this research delves into the intricate relationship between epoxy concentrations and the self-healing capabilities of concrete, aiming to provide comprehensive insights into optimal concentrations and their implications for construction. The experiment involved varying epoxy concentrations, ranging from 0% to 15%, in concrete mixes. Critical parameters, such as slump, compressive strength at 28 days, and microscopic structure after crack induction, were meticulously analyzed. The objective was to understand how epoxy, known for its adhesive and cohesive properties, influences the mechanical properties and self-healing potential of concrete. The experimental setup aimed to simulate real-world scenarios where concrete structures may be exposed to external stresses leading to cracks. The results revealed a consistent decrease in slump as epoxy concentrations increased, indicating a reduction in concrete work-ability. Notably, the compressive strength at 28 days exhibited a fascinating trend. At 5% epoxy, there was a modest increase in strength, while the optimal concentration of 10% demonstrated a significant enhancement. However, concentrations beyond the optimum (15% epoxy) led to a decline in compressive strength. The experiment's pivotal phase involved crack induction to assess self-healing capabilities. At 10% epoxy concentration, the compressive strength increased after crack induction. Microscopic analysis further corroborated these findings, revealing signs of self-healing within the concrete matrix. This enhancement suggested a unique healing mechanism associated with the optimal epoxy concentration
Effect of High Population Growth Rate on Economic Performance in Kyanamira Sub-County Kabale District Uganda.
No full textThe study examined the effect of the population growth rate on economic performance in the Kyanamira sub-county Kabale district of Uganda. The objectives of the study were; to find out the causes of a high population growth rate, to examine the implications of population growth on economic performance, and to establish the relationship between population growth and economic performance. A descriptive research design was used and data was collected using interviews and questionnaires. The study results on causes of high population growth in Kyanamira sub-county Kabale district, the highest number of the respondents mentioned early marriage while the least number of the respondents mentioned negative attitude towards family planning. The study results on the implications of population growth on economic performance in Kyanamira sub-county Kabale district, the highest number of respondents mentioned discouraged saving and investments which results in low incomes, and the lowest number of respondents talked of how high population growth affected the efficiency of developing countries and their political system. The study results on the relationship between population growth and economic performance in Kyanamira sub-county Kabale district, the study findings revealed that there is a strong relationship between population growth and economic performance. The study recommended that family planning programs should be designed to provide information, services, and modern means of fertility control to those who are interested and the study recommended that the government should use several methods to control high population growth such as one or two children per family policy, girl child education through giving them scholarships
Effect of Banana Production on Poverty Reduction in Kabuyanda Sub-County, Isingiro District.
No full textThe study aimed to investigate the impact of banana production on poverty alleviation in Kabuyanda sub-county, Isingiro district. It was guided by objectives focused on assessing the influence of banana production on household income and food security in the area. The research employed both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, sampling 66 respondents out of a total population of 80.
The findings revealed that banana production significantly contributes to household incomes, with farmers selling bananas locally, to wholesalers, and even for export, constituting a major source of revenue for 25.76% of respondents. The study concluded that banana cultivation has played a crucial role in transforming the economic landscape of Kabuyanda sub-county. The strong positive relationship between banana farming and household income underscores its importance in improving the financial well-being of local residents.
Recommendations included prioritizing infrastructure development, such as improving roads and transportation networks, to enhance market access for farmers and reduce post-harvest losses. Policy formulation and implementation to support sustainable banana farming practices, alongside incentives, subsidies, and training programs, were also proposed. Additionally, diversifying banana products like flour, chips, and juice was suggested to enhance food security and create additional income streams through value addition. Continuous training and extension services for farmers on modern farming techniques, disease management, and market-oriented strategies were also emphasized to optimize yields and income generation
Prompt Penetration Electric Fields and Ionospheric Effects of Major Geomagnetic Storms on Low Latitude Stations.
No full textThis study investigated the characteristics and impacts of Prompt Penetration Electric Fields (PPEFs) on the ionosphere at low latitudes during major geomagnetic storms. The research explored the dynamics of the ionosphere by focusing on three key objectives: (i) classifying geomagnetic storms based on their intensity and nature, (ii) examining the condition of the ionosphere before, during, and after geomagnetic storms to understand temporal variations, and (iii) assessing the effects of PPEFs on the total electron current in the ionosphere at low-latitude stations. Using data collected from low-latitude observatories, the study analyzed variations in ionospheric parameters such as electron density and current systems. Findings contributed to understanding how geomagnetic disturbances influence ionospheric behavior, with implications for space weather prediction and the mitigation of disruptions to communication and navigation systems
Design and Prototype of an Automated Temperature Monitoring System for Kisoro Farmers’ Storage Facilities.
No full textCurrently, the utilization rate of storage facilities for fruit and food crops in Kisoro is low, and it is necessary to carry out regional management of storage facilities to save energy and improve the utilization rate. Because different fruits and food crops need different temperatures, so real-time temperature monitoring is particularly important. To meet this requirement, this project designs an Arduino-based temperature monitoring system for Kisoro farmers’ storage facilities of fruits and food crops. The system mainly includes hardware and software parts. Hardware components include Arduino Uno, LM35 temperature sensor, SIM800A GSM, buzzer, LEDs (red and blue), and LCD, and the software component includes the Arduino IDE, Proteus. Finally, the whole system is tested, and the test results show that the system has the characteristics of remote viewing, high measuring accuracy, and convenient use, and the system could meet the needs of temperature management for Kisoro farmers’ storage facilities
Evaluating the Salary Mismatch Among Secondary School Teachears in Rubanda District.
No full textThis study examined the issue of salary mismatches among secondary school teachers, focusing on the discrepancies between their qualifications, experience, and the compensation they receive. Salary mismatch, defined as the gap between a teacher's salary and their professional qualifications or job responsibilities, has become a significant concern in the education sector. The study aimed to achieve three objectives: to analyze the current salary structures for secondary school teachers, to evaluate the impact of salary mismatches on teacher motivation, job satisfaction, and retention, and to propose strategies to mitigate the negative effects of salary mismatches in Rubanda District. The research sought to identify the extent of salary mismatch, its underlying causes, and its implications for the education system. A mixed-methods approach was used, combining quantitative data analysis and qualitative interviews. Data were collected from a sample of secondary school teachers from different regions, including salary records, teacher qualifications, and years of experience to assess the prevalence and degree of salary mismatches. Qualitative data were gathered through interviews with teachers, administrators, and policymakers to understand their views on salary fairness, the causes of salary discrepancies, and the impact on teacher performance and morale. The study found significant salary mismatches, with many teachers earning less than what would be expected based on their qualifications and experience. Contributing factors included inconsistent pay scales, budget constraints, and regional disparities in funding and resources. The study also emphasized the negative effects of salary mismatches on teacher morale and retention, suggesting that addressing these issues is essential for improving educational outcomes. Policy recommendations include standardizing pay scales, increasing education funding, and implementing targeted interventions to support underpaid teachers. Addressing salary mismatches could improve teacher satisfaction and effectiveness, leading to better student learning and achievement
Ubabedume Katika Riwaya ya Rosa Mistika.
No full textKuchunguza jinsi ubabedume unaojitokeza katika riwaya ya Rosa Mistika na athari zake. Malengo mahususi: Kubainisha ubabedume unaodhihirika katika riwaya ya Rosa Mistika, Kujadili athari za ubabedume katika riwaya ya Rosa Mistik
Analyzing the Effect of Organic Manure in Comparison With NPK on Cabbage Growth and Yield.
No full textThe agricultural sector continually seeks sustainable methods to improve crop productivity and yields. This study examines the effects of organic manure and chemical fertilizers, specifically NPK, on cabbage growth and yields, aiming to provide insight into their influence on cabbage cultivation. Organic manure comprises natural materials such as animal waste, compost, and green manure. It releases nutrients gradually, enhances soil structure, and promotes long-term soil health. Conversely, NPK fertilizers composed of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are chemically manufactured to supply essential nutrients directly to plants. While NPK fertilizers can rapidly boost growth and yields, their excessive use risks soil degradation and environmental pollution. Organic manure supports cabbage growth by slowly releasing essential nutrients, improving soil structure, and fostering beneficial soil organisms. It minimizes nutrient leaching, enhances root development, and boosts water and nutrient uptake, leading to healthier plants with increased resistance to pests and diseases. NPK fertilizers, on the other hand, provide an immediate nutrient supply. Nitrogen promotes vegetative growth and lush green leaves, phosphorus enhances root development and accelerates maturity, and potassium improves disease resistance and water-use efficiency. However, overuse of NPK can cause nutrient imbalances, chemical burns, and reduced plant resilience. In terms of yield, organic manure enriches the soil with organic matter and nutrients over time, producing higher-quality crops with improved flavor and texture. However, its benefits are gradual and may take several growing seasons to manifest. In contrast, NPK fertilizers deliver high macronutrient concentrations for rapid absorption, resulting in faster growth rates and higher short-term yields. Nevertheless, excessive reliance on NPK may compromise long-term soil health and contribute to environmental degradation. To achieve optimal yields sustainably, farmers should adhere to recommended application rates and avoid over-fertilization. A balanced approach combining organic manure and NPK fertilizers can enhance cabbage cultivation. Organic manure ensures long-term soil health through gradual nutrient release, while NPK provides immediate access to critical macronutrients for rapid growth stimulation. Integrating these methods allows farmers to achieve high yields without sacrificing sustainability, ensuring productive cabbage farming while preserving environmental resources for future generations
Cognizance and Perception of Physiotherapy Intervention in Attention-Defcit/Hyperactivity Disorder Amongst Clinical Physiotherapy Students in Tertiary Institution, Nigeria.
No full textThis study examines the cognizance and perception of physiotherapy intervention in ADHD amongst clinical physiotherapy students in a tertiary institution and, also, determines the relationship of the study variables on the sociology-demographic characteristics. This study is a cross-sectional survey and employed a convenient sampling technique to recruit 137 respondents. A cognizance and perception questionnaire was used as the survey instrument to obtain data. Descriptive statistics of frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used to analyse the socio-demographic characteristics. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyse the relationship amongst the variables of cognizance of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (COG-ADHD), perception of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (PERCEP-ADHD), cognizance of physiotherapy intervention (COG-PT_ITV), and perception of physiotherapy intervention (PERCEP-PT_ITV). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to test the infuence of sociology-demographic characteristics of age and the level of study on the cognizance and perception of ADHD. Variables having a p-value<0.05 were considered statistically signifcant. The majority of the respondents (63.5%) had high cognizance of physiotherapy intervention for ADHD, while the majority of the respondents (60.6%) had a fair perception of physiotherapy intervention for ADHD. A signifcant proportion of respondents (26.3%) had no source of information on ADHD before the study. Cognizance of ADHD signifcantly correlated with perception of ADHD, ADHD, perception of physiotherapy intervention in ADHD, and cognizance of physiotherapy intervention in ADHD. There were signifcant positive correlations between gender and cognizance of physiotherapy intervention in ADHD and between the level of study and perception of ADHD.
Conclusion Respondent’s perception of physiotherapy intervention in ADHD was relatively low; in contrast, their cognizance was relatively satisfactory. Strengthening their cognizance and perception is paramount