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Host genetics, lung T-cell immunity, and laying activity determine the disease outcome in avian influenza virus-infected chickens
No full textAvian influenza viruses pose a threat to both wild and domestic bird populations worldwide. In particular, chickens kept outdoors have contact with wild birds and thus an increased risk of infection with influenza viruses. Increasing use of high-performance chicken breeds in growing poultry production reduces genetic diversity whereas local breeds may offer valuable traits such as disease resilience important for sustainable agriculture. This study investigates the immunological performance of three local chicken breeds (Altsteirer, Ramelsloher, and Bielefelder) in Germany to assess their potential resilience to infectious diseases such as avian influenza. Viral resilience was assessed by inoculating 6-week-old chickens with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H7N1 and the moderately pathogenic recombinant avian influenza virus TG05-HAR65. Differences in mortality, immune response, transmission, virus shedding, and viral load in certain organs were observed. The Ramelsloher chickens had the lowest clinical score and the highest survival rate. Chicken-to-chicken transmission was only observed in the Altsteirer breed. Lung infiltration by T cells was detected in the Bielefelder and Ramelsloher breeds. In addition, 35-week-old laying hens at peak laying performance were infected with TG05-HAR65, to assess the impact of laying activity on viral resilience and immunocompetence. Compared with juvenile chickens, clinical signs, virus shedding, and seroconversion were detected at later time points. At the end of the experiment, most hens showed egg yolk peritonitis, likely caused by the influenza virus infection. This study indicates differences in the immunocompetence and viral resilience of local chicken breeds and provides breeding and biosafety management recommendations for organic farming
Meeting report: The 3rd international conference of the World Society for Virology (WSV 2025) - The Virosphere of Our Cellular World
No full textThe 3rd International Conference of the World Society for Virology (WSV 2025) was held in May 6–8, 2025, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. WSV2025 adopted the integrative theme "The Virosphere of Our Cellular World." This theme denotes the universal and intricate relationships between viruses and their cellular hosts across all domains of life. The conference attracted 291 participants from 27 countries, featuring a scientific program of 83 talks and numerous poster presentations spanning human, animal, plant, insect, and bacterial viruses at basic, clinical and applied levels. This report summarizes the program highlights, key scientific discussions, and significant outcomes of the conference, confirming the WSV's role as a unifying platform for the global virology community since its founding in 2017
Assessing the role of folate syntrophy and folate cross-feeding in the pathobiology of infectious-inflamed milieu caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum
No full textAuswirkungen und Populationsdynamik in einer deutschen Biofloc-Aquakultur: „Was in einer Aquakultur passiert, bleibt in einer Aquakultur“
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Ein Kraftstoff aus ungenutzten Ressourcen: Rest- und Abfallstoffe als Kohlenstoffquelle für die Biomethanproduktion
No full textA pangenome and pantranscriptome of hexaploid oat
No full textOat grain is a traditional human food that is rich in dietary fibre and contributes to improved human health1,2. Interest in the crop has surged in recent years owing to its use as the basis for plant-based milk analogues3. Oat is an allohexaploid with a large, repeat-rich genome that was shaped by subgenome exchanges over evolutionary timescales4. In contrast to many other cereal species, genomic research in oat is still at an early stage, and surveys of structural genome diversity and gene expression variability are scarce. Here we present annotated chromosome-scale sequence assemblies of 33 wild and domesticated oat lines, along with an atlas of gene expression across 6 tissues of different developmental stages in 23 of these lines. We construct an atlas of gene-expression diversity across subgenomes, accessions and tissues. Gene loss in the hexaploid is accompanied by compensatory upregulation of the remaining homeologues, but this process is constrained by subgenome divergence. Chromosomal rearrangements have substantially affected recent oat breeding. A large pericentric inversion associated with early flowering explains distorted segregation on chromosome 7D and a homeologous sequence exchange between chromosomes 2A and 2C in a semi-dwarf mutant has risen to prominence in Australian elite varieties. The oat pangenome will promote the adoption of genomic approaches to understanding the evolution and adaptation of domesticated oats and will accelerate their improvement
