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Upravljanje geografskom dividendom: Džibuti kao primer za geopolitiku malih država
No full textDžibuti, mala država na rogu Afrike, zauzima strateški položaj na raskrsnici ključnih trgovačkih puteva između Evrope, Azije i Afrike. Geografska lokacija, naročito u kontekstu moreuza Bab el-Mandeb, predstavlja osnovu za analizu geopolitičkog značaja Džibutija u savremenim međunarodnim odnosima. Uprkos svojim teritorijalnim i demografskim ograničenjima, Džibuti je uspeo da iskoristi svoj položaj za privlačenje globalnih sila, uključujući Sjedinjene Američke Države, Kinu, Francusku i Japan, koje tamo održavaju vojne baze. Ovaj rad ispituje kako Džibuti koristi svoj geopolitički položaj za očuvanje suvereniteta i ekonomskog razvoja uprkos izazovima, kao što su regionalna nestabilnost i ekonomska zavisnost od stranih aktera. Posebna pažnja posvećena je ulozi Džibutija kao modela za male države koje koriste „geografsku dividendu“ u globalnim odnosima moći. Rezultati rada sugerišu da Džibuti nije samo pasivni objekat geopolitičkih interesa velikih sila, već i aktivni subjekat koji oblikuje svoju ulogu u međunarodnim odnosima kroz strategije fleksibilne diplomatije i ekonomske adaptacije
Instrumental and Normative Dimensions of the Sino-Serbian Partnership: Between Transactional Cooperation and Ironclad Friendship
Get PDFIn recent decades, China and Serbia have developed a relationship that combines pragmatic cooperation with a shared commitment to key principles and norms of international conduct, and what both sides describe as an ‘ironclad friendship.’ This paper examines the instrumental and principal-based dimensions of the Sino-Serbian partnership, arguing that while strategic and economic interests drive bilateral cooperation, shared normative commitments to the principles of sovereignty and non-interference reinforce and justify this cooperation. Drawing on both realism and constructivism, the study contends that material considerations primarily shape the partnership, but historical experiences of external intervention have fostered a mutual sensitivity to sovereignty issues. This normative alignment provides a legitimizing framework that extends the relationship beyond mere transactionalism. The paper aims to demonstrate that ideational factors, principles, and norms interact with pragmatic interests to sustain longterm strategic cooperation. This principle-based dimension helps explain the resilience of their relationship despite power asymmetry, differing social systems and levels of development. It also clarifies why their cooperation has remained consistent over time, transcending changes in the international environment
The EU-China Trade Relations amid Tariff Conflicts and WTO Crisis: Implications for Serbia
Get PDFThis paper examines the evolving trade relationship between the European Union (EU) and the People’s Republic of China within the context of rising protectionism, escalating tariff conflicts, and the ongoing crisis within the World Trade Organization (WTO). Despite a longstanding commitment from both the EU and China to multilateralism, their divergent economic models and strategic priorities have increasingly brought systemic tensions to the fore. China’s accession to the WTO in 2001 marked a turning point in EU-China trade relations, enabling deeper economic ties. However, growing economic asymmetries and political divergences have prompted the EU to adopt a more critical perspective, as encapsulated in its 2019 Strategic Outlook, which simultaneously characterises China as a partner, economic competitor, and systemic rival. The research employs a qualitative case study method, concentrating on the EU-China tariff conflicts from 2018 to 2024. This timeframe captures the escalation of trade tensions and offers valuable insights into the responses of both entities to global trade disruptions and crisis within the WTO, which intensified around 2018. The study draws on the analysis of official documents from the EU and China, which includes strategic outlooks, trade policy communications, and summit conclusions, in addition to relevant reports and publications from the WTO. Beyond the bilateral dimension, the paper extends its analysis to the implications of these trade frictions for Serbia. Positioned between its deepening economic ties with China and its aspirations for EU membership, Serbia faces both opportunities and constraints, as EU-China trade tensions increasingly shape its external economic environment. The paper concludes that, despite systemic rivalries, pragmatic cooperation between the EU and China within multilateral frameworks remains a viable path forward. However, for countries like Serbia, maintaining strategic balance requires a careful policymaking, particularly in light of the ongoing WTO crisis and intensifying EU-China competition over trade and influence in Southeast Europe
From Regional Forums to NATO Alignment: Institutional Adaptation in the Context of Sweden and Finland’s Accession
Get PDFRussia’s invasion of Ukraine in early 2022 reshaped the foundations of European security. In response, Sweden and Finland abandoned decades of military nonalignment and transitioned towards NATO membership. This paper examines how, during the accession process (2022–2023), Finland and Sweden strategically reframed existing regional institutions, such as NORDEFCO, the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy, NATO-EU coordination mechanisms, and Nordic-Baltic forums, into instruments of political influence and normative action. Drawing on postulates of alliance theory (Walt’s balance-of-threat and Snyder’s alliance security dilemma), institutional regionalism, and theories of security alignment under crisis (Lake’s hierarchy model and Acharya’s regional security frameworks), we analyse how functional cooperation forums were transformed into platforms for strategic signalling, anticipatory coordination, and “soft deterrence”. Official statements and political speeches show that regional forums were used to demonstrate unity, coordinate defence efforts, and maintain deterrence throughout the period leading up to complete NATO integration. Partnerships that had previously focused on technical or economic cooperation took on a new role, helping align Nordic defence practices with those of allied structures and providing political legitimacy for the security transition. In this context, regional institutions acted as a bridge towards formal military alignment, supporting collective defence before treaty commitments were in place
Civil religion between the secular state and the Orthodox Church: the case of Serbia
No full textCivil religion is one of the key concepts in the religion and politics
field, linking secularism, nationalism, and political religion.
However, civil religion has been modelled within American
religious-political conditions, dealing primarily with Western
philosophical ideas. Therefore, the role of Orthodox Christianity in
the civil religion debate has remained largely unexplored. This
paper, starting from the assumption that Orthodox Christianity
has something to offer for civil religion debate, primarily
regarding church and state relations, aims to explore this
potential. This includes its unique understanding of the
relationship between church and state, its role in shaping societal
values, and its potential to bridge the gap between religious and
secular spheres. The author will explain the nexus between
Christian Orthodox ideas and secularism covered by the concept
of civil religion, using Serbia as a case study. The research will be
based on Lenе Hansen’s interpretive methods of discourse
analysis, including the discursive analysis of artifacts (material
factor). As the fundamental constituents of civil religion are
founding narratives and their materialization, the paper will
investigate the civil-religious component of the Monument to
Stefan Nemanja erected in Belgrade in 2021, where he is
represented as the founding-father of the Serbian (medieval) state
Big Data-Driven Approaches to Geopolitical Risk and MNC De-risking Strategies
Get PDFThe transition to a multipolar world has intensified geopolitical risks, challenging multinational companies (MNCs) to protect and adapt their global value chains (GVCs). These risks—ranging from resource scarcity and energy insecurity to techno-nationalism, cyber threats, and disrupted transport corridors—have prompted a shift toward proactive de-risking strategies. This study investigates how Big Data Analytics (BDA) supports such strategies, enabling MNCs to enhance visibility, resilience, and strategic agility. Using a conceptual-analytical method, the research first classifies geopolitical risks into three core categories: resource access disruptions, technological isolation, and transportation vulnerabilities. These risks are mapped to specific GVC activities to identify critical points of exposure. The analysis then explores the role of BDA in mitigating these risks, focusing on three core capabilities: real-time decision-making, predictive analytics, and scenario modelling. Key BDA-enabled strategies are identified across four domains: supplier and market diversification, dynamic risk assessment and contingency planning, real-time visibility, and local adaptation. Tools such as Resilinc, FourKites, Riskmethods, and digital twins are examined to demonstrate their relevance to specific geopolitical threats. The findings show that while BDA is commonly applied for efficiency and forecasting, its potential as a strategic enabler for geopolitical risk mitigation remains underutilised. By aligning BDA functionalities with core MNC de-risking strategies, this study offers a practical framework for integrating digital solutions into GVC risk management. It also highlights how the convergence of BDA with other Industry 4.0 technologies—such as IoT, blockchain, and GIS—can further enhance resilience. The results contribute to both academic discourse and managerial practice by demonstrating that BDA is not merely a supportive tool, but a central component of strategic planning in an increasingly unstable global environment
Osamdeset godina Ujedinjenih nacija i pokret nesvrstanih
No full textIz osamdesetogodišnjeg istorijskog iskustva, može se zaključiti da su Ujedinjene
nacije prošle dugačak put razvoja. Od osnivanja 1945. godine, ova univerzalna
međunarodna organizacija nije se značajnije menjala, iako se broj njenih članica
skoro učetvorostručio. Svetski poredak se međutim, drastično menjao
doživljavajući više uspona i padova. Zbog toga su Ujedinjene nacije svoju
polimorfnu strukturu moći morale prilagođavati zahtevima vremena. Na tom
putu, one su podsticajno uticale na nastanak i razvoj Pokreta nesvrstanih. Za
nesvrstane zemlje Ujedinjene nacije su predstavljale jedinstven i univerzalni
politički forum u kojem su mogle razvijati svoje aktivnosti i ostvarivati svoje
interese. Svetska organizacija omogućila je nesvrstanima priliku za afirmaciju
njihove politike koja je bila antiteza blokovskoj politici sile. Izražavanje
solidarnosti nesvrstanih zemalja sa interesima zemalja Trećeg sveta, koje su imale
slična istorijska iskustva sa kolonijalizmom i ekonomskom i društvenom
zaostalošću, dovelo je do spajanja različitih političkih identiteta. U tom smislu,
Ujedinjene nacije su odigrale katalizatorsku ulogu, jer su omogućile približavanje
država koje su u procesu dekolonizacije stekle nezavisnost i slobodu od jarma
bivših kolonijalnih sila. Delujući pod okriljem svetske organizacije, nesvrstane
zemlje aktivno su se uključile u rešavanje najvažnijih globalnih problema. Na taj
način, Ujedinjene nacije su postale njihovo značajno uporište, nezamenljiv sistem
za ostvarivanje njihovih ciljeva i principa i važan instrument za opravdavanje
njihove realne snage u međunarodnim odnosima. Ovo sve ne bi trebalo da čudi,
jer su osnovni ciljevi i principi nesvrstanosti bili u skladu sa ciljevima i principima
sadržanim u Povelji Ujedinjenih nacija. Kao fundamentalna pravna osnova za
međunarodne odnose od kraja Drugog svetskog rata do danas, Povelja
Ujedinjenih nacija omogućila je postepeno sprovođenje specifičnih ciljeva i
principa Pokreta nesvrstanih. Sposobnost nesvrstanih da kroz sistem Ujedinjenih
nacija upoznaju svet sa svojom politikom aktivne miroljubive koegzistencije,
ukazivala je na demokratsku osnovu svetske organizacije. Članstvo u Ujedinjenim nacijama imalo je pozitivno dejstvo i na koheziju nesvrstanih
zemalja, razvijajući svest o solidarnosti i jedinstvu u rešavanju značajnih
međunarodnih problema. Aktivno učešće nesvrstanih u Ujedinjenim nacijama,
raslo je uporedo sa povećanjem članstva svetske organizacije. Sa impresivnom i
brojčano nadmoćnom glasačkom snagom, Pokret nesvrstanih praktično je uticao
na tokove razvoja savremenih međunarodnih odnosa. Sledstveno je od značaja
bio i njegov doprinos reformi Ujedinjenih nacija, naročito njegova tri glavna
organa – Saveta bezbednosti, Generalne skupštine i Ekonomskog i socijalnog
saveta. Iz studije koja sledi, pokazaće se da je ovaj doprinos u izvesnoj meri uticao
na reorganizaciju i jačanje samog sistema Ujedinjenih nacija
QUAD and the indo-pacific security landscape in the us-china geopolitical competition during the first trump's administration
No full textThis paper examines the behavior of US military allies - Australia, India, and Japan - tasked with "containing" China through the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD). The study demonstrates how shifting interdependencies influence regional perceptions of US-led security initiatives and foster independent security relationships. Despite the US's Cold War-style containment efforts, QUAD members are reluctant to fully embrace the US's hard power strategy. Such a reluctance stems from multivector fears of both the US and China challenging their hegemony. The study argues that the US exploits post-truth myths and illogical arguments to rally support against China, such as framing China as a "malign" threat to regional security. The re-election of Donald Trump in 2024 has heightened interest in the Indo-Pacific and QUAD dynamics, with intensified US commitments in the region. Exploring three potential security scenarios - new balance of power, a cohesive US Indo-Pacific strategy, and a desperate Western response - this paper sheds a light on potential developments in the region
Posledice martovskog pogroma na pitanje statusa Kosova i Metohije
No full textMartovski pogrom ostavio je dalekosežne posledice na pita-
nje određivanje statusa Kosova i Metohije. Cilj istraživanja ovog rada
sadržan je u prethodnoj konstataciji. Korišćenjem metoda sinteze, in-
dukcije i uporedne dedukcije autor dokazuje kako je krajnji ishod političkog procesa koji je usledio stvaranje zamrznutog konflikta, koji se može kontrolisati, ali se ne Može rešiti. Rad se sastoji iz četiri dela. Pored uvoda i zaključka, u drugom delu se opisuje stanje na Kosovu i Metohiji nakon 1999. godine i uzroci koji su doveli da rasta nezadovoljstva kosovsko-metohijskih Albanaca, a u trećem se analiziraju nove okolnosti koje su nastupile posle 2004. godine
Nove tehnologije i globalna ekonomija
No full textTechnological advancement increased productivity, which stimulated
economic growth. Artificial intelligence (AI), immersive technologies (virtual,
mixed, and augmented reality), quantum computing, cloud computing, robotics,
the Internet of Things (IoT), and 3D printing are some of the digital technologies
that are currently transforming every industry. Without a doubt, business
practices will evolve, and individuals – at the very least, those prepared to retrain
and acclimate themselves to operate with new technical software and hardware
– will contribute to the expansion and advancement of the global economy in
harmony with technology. With the advancement of new technology, it is now
feasible to collaborate globally to address global issues.
In order to improve their company and sufficiently meet the needs and
wants of their customers, managers in the business sector nowadays need
to be aware of trends, practices, and technologies. Even though adopting new
technologies can be costly and requires more time to perfect hardware and
software, they have the ability to give businesses a competitive edge in a
cutthroat market and help them appear innovative to customers.
The military, healthcare, marketing, architecture, education, banking, and
financial services are just a few of the industries that stand to gain
significantly from the deployment of AI. By using these strategies, risks can
be decreased, bank customer insights can be increased, and fraud and
cybercrime can even be detected. With applications in complex economic
system modeling, trade and investment management, predictive analytics,
economic indicator forecasting, and decision-making, artificial intelligence
is becoming a more and more vital tool for economic study. Artificial
intelligence’s effects on repetitive tasks have the potential to lessen the need
for human labor.
Quantum computing leverages concepts from quantum physics to
analyze data more effectively than traditional computing methods. Even
while quantum technologies are still in the early phases of development,
their application could have a huge impact on many other industries,
including international commercial networks. Modern immersive
technologies are being used globally by businesses across a wide range of
industries to achieve their objectives.
To enhance the user experience, immersive technologies are utilized in
interactive online applications, immersive marketing, and e-commerce. The
ability to stimulate a consumer’s senses in a digital environment is also made
feasible by immersive technology. As they examine a three-dimensional
digital product’s attributes (dimensions, texture, smell, and even taste) while
interacting with it outside of reality, customers begin to lose the sense that
they are not physically present in the actual world. Purchase decisions are
greatly influenced by this and help to improve the emotional bond between
the brand and the customer.
Businesses will be more productive thanks to new technologies, which
will expedite and simplify corporate procedures. Once the barriers reflected
in the slow adoption of these technologies, the still-expensive accompanying
devices, and the insufficient development of hardware and software are
removed, as well as people’s determination to retrain themselves to be
competent to work with these technologies, the path to global acceptance
will be paved