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The Rise of Scientific Exploration and the Development of Human Racial Classifications by François Bernier, Carl Linnaeus, Georges-Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon, and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
No full textThesis (B.A. in History, Minor in International Affairs)--John Cabot University, Fall 2024.The purpose of this thesis is to analyze, how François Bernier, Carl Linnaeus, Georges Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, and Johann Friedrich Blumenbach contributed to the development of human racial classifications. By discussing how the rise of scientific voyages in the 18th century was crucial in providing travel literature and various specimens used by these figures in shaping their ideas about human classifications. Each of the thinkers’ ideas about human classification is examined individually, starting from one of the first systematically created human classifications by François Bernier to the more structured and detailed classifications of Linnaeus, Buffon, and Blumenbach. Within the introduction, a brief history will be given of the growth of European scientific explorations in the 18th century conducted by various naturalists as they played a crucial role in collecting specimens needed for the development of human racial classifications. The second chapter explores Bernier’s work, A New Division of the Earth according to the different types of races of men who inhabit it (1684) which is considered to be one of the first post-classical texts that divided humanity according to racial groups along with Linnaeus’ Systema Naturae (1735), where he incorporated humans into a taxonomic system based on physical traits and temperaments. The third chapter discusses Buffon's contribution, focusing on his theory of degeneration and his emphasis on environmental factors such as climate, geography, and diet as primary determinants of human diversity presented in his work Historie Naturelle (1749). Chapter four will look at Blumenbach's empirical examination of human skulls, which he used to study human diversity and presented in De generis humani varietate nativa (1775). By placing these figures in the intellectual context of their time, this research aims to show that science and exploration were not used only as tools for understanding the surroundings, but also as tools to enforce prejudice and social inequalities
Children affected by Armed Conflict and the Risk of Child Trafficking and the Smuggling of Migrants during Displacement: Existing Challenges
No full textCSR Strategies in the O&G Industry: The Need to Focus on Local Communities in Developing and Host Countries
Full text linkThe oil and gas (O&G) industry faces unique challenges and opportunities in terms of corporate social responsibility (CSR), due to their operations' direct impact on the environment. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of CSR strategies within the sector, with a focus on understanding the needs of developing host economies. Focusing also on Eni and its operations in Nigeria to apply a real-world example behind suggested theories of existing literature. Eni is seen as a pivotal case study through its investments and focus on renewable energy sources. Through a qualitative approach, this research highlights insights from expert interviews and secondary data sources. Through the findings, it is noted that while Eni has demonstrated commitments to sustainable development, including investments in different regions' infrastructure and renewable energy projects, there are still major controversies, such as oil spills and socio-economic challenges in these host economies. A significant gap was discovered between Eni's operations and its local community's needs, highlighting ineffective CSR strategies. This paper therefore details the need for local engagement, standardized reporting, and long-term initiatives to benefit the socio-economic and environmental landscape to improve the firm's CSR engagement, reputation, and competitive advantage
Applications to augment patient care for Internal Medicine specialists: a position paper from the EFIM working group on telemedicine, innovative technologies & digital health
No full textTelemedicine applications present virtually limitless prospects for innovating and enhancing established and new models of patient care in the field of Internal Medicine. Although there is a wide range of innovative technological solutions in Europe, there are overarching elements associated with such technologies when applied to the practices of Internal Medicine specialists. The European Federation of Internal Medicine (EFIM) strongly advocates for active leadership and influence from the Internal Medicine societies and specialist physicians across Europe in the development and application of telemedicine and digital technologies in healthcare. This position paper’s conclusions were drawn via Delphi method, which was developed collaboratively from July 2021 to December 2023. The panel, consisting of experts in clinical medicine, public health, health economics and statistics, assessed various aspects related to telemedicine. Participants assigned scores on a Likert scale reflecting perceived value and potential risks. The findings were consolidated in a comprehensive checklist aligning with relevant literature and a SWOT analysis. Specifically, key issues that need to be addressed include promoting the professional development of e-health competencies in the healthcare and medical workforce, using educational campaigns to promote digital literacy among patients and caregivers, designing and implementing telemedicine applications tailored to local conditions and needs and considering the ethical and legal contexts under which these applications are employed. Importantly, there is currently no consensus on care models or standardized protocols among European Internal Medicine specialists regarding the utilization of telemedicine. This position paper aims to outline the opportunities and challenges associated with the application of telemedicine in Internal Medical practice in Europe
Governance, strategy and management of international business networks in uncertain times: an introduction
No full textIn today's turbulent and complex environments, international business networks (IBNs) in various forms (e.g., strategic alliances, franchise chains, export and licence relationships, cooperatives, global production networks, joint ventures, public-private partnerships, and digital platforms) are becoming increasingly important in helping multinationals to achieve competitive advantage. Owing to increased performance pressures in uncertain environments, firms embedded in networks are increasingly moving from cooperators to collaborators as value co-creators. The aim of this introductory article is to discuss how IBNs may mitigate uncertainty (emanating especially from disruptive digital innovations and global pandemics) through value, configuration and/or knowledge-driven governance, strategy, and management. In addition, we provide an overview of the articles included in the special issue on 'Governance, Strategy and Management of International Business Networks in Uncertain Times' detailing their specific contributions to enrich the contemporary scholarly discourse in this regard
Conceptualizing Supply Chain Resilience in Exogenous Crisis Times: Toward a Holistic Definition
No full textSupply chain resilience has become increasingly crucial in today’s scenario in response to major disruptions that generated huge exogenous crises. This paper investigates the current SCR-related academic literature related to SCR to develop a new holistic definition. A total amount of 214 scientific contributions the last 5 years (i.e., between 2018 and 2022) have been analyzed. Findings revealed four important issues to achieve SCR, i.e., Key resilience attributes, Technology-aided visible SC, Sustainable and measurable SCR practices, and Relationship between SC partners. Leveraging insights gleaned from these critical issues, we have meticulously crafted an updated and comprehensive definition of SCR, by considering the multi-faceted facets that contribute to its holistic understanding. In light of our emerging insights, we suggest a novel approach to fortify organizational supply chain resilience, emphasizing a more holistic perspective. Our recommendations for future research include (1) exploring the integration of emerging technologies like blockchain and artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring to enhance adaptive decision-making in post-COVID-19 supply chains, (2) investigating the strategic role of collaborative networks and information sharing among supply chain partners to enhance agility and responsiveness amidst post-pandemic uncertainties, and (3) analyzing the impact of sustainable and circular supply chain practices on resilience. Findings of the paper and the new holistic definition of SCR have several implications for both academics and managers that are listed at the end of the paper along with limitations of the study and future research avenues
Challenging Tradition: Artemisia Gentileschi’s Conversion of the Magdalene and Feminine Artistic Patronage of the Early 17th Century
No full textThesis (B.A. in Art History and Psychological Science)--John Cabot University, Fall 2024.This thesis explores the relation of female patronage between Artemisa Gentileschi and the Grand Duchess of Austria through the painting of The Conversion of the Magdalene (fig. 1) from 1615-1616, by Artemisa Gentileschi. The painting was commissioned by the Grand Duchess of Austria which was part of the Medici court that aligned with ideals of female virtue, religion and redemption, expectations for women often seen in the early modern period. The study aims to examine the relationship between Maria Maddalena of Austria and Artemisia Gentileschi, reflecting both identities and work situated as women in a male dominated space. The Duchess’s role as a patron plays a significant role in the way Artemisia Gentileschi presented herself as an artist in Florence, aiming to align with the expectations of the patron and the Medici court
Measuring information as an expanding resource: Information production and its TFP-information absorption ecosystem “multiplier”
No full textIndices to measure the extent and penetration of information in an economy are static measures. Information, however, is a dynamic, expanding resource. Information is produced when data from digital computers articulate with human-generated systems where they are transformed into information. Economic information is effective when it fuels technological innovations contributing to total factor productivity (TFP) growth. This paper develops a theoretical model to measure effective economic information (EEI) as a dynamic process. Using systemic design thinking, design systems in data value chains are embedded within their TFP-information absorption
ecosystem. The system’s characteristics of human capital, economic, institutional, and regulatory factors determine the quality and amount of EEI produced. The EEI measurement model uses differential equations allowing for the dynamic expansion of information to include information-knowledge spillovers. Empirical tests for EEI on TFP for EU countries show that EEI is
the key driver for TFP growth, while IT investment alone is only a necessary condition. EEI-type measures direct policy attention towards improving TFP-information absorption ecosystems and supporting the adaption of design processes that are more suitable for their TFP-information absorption ecosystems. Both are necessary to connect IT investment to TFP growth
A Fresh Look at the Tomb of Alexander VII
No full textThesis (B.A. in Art History)--John Cabot University, Spring 2024.At the end of his career, Gianlorenzo Bernini was called upon to execute the tomb of Alexander VII Chigi in Saint Peter’s Basilica. Bernini had presented tomb design drawings to the Pope during his lifetime and those drawings became the model for the tomb. But, with eleven years passing since the death of the pope and eighteen years passing since Alexander’s review of the presentation drawings, Bernini made modifications which are evident in the tomb as it was completed in 1678. After considering the writings of Bernini scholars and completing a visual analysis of the tomb, this thesis examines the tomb’s variance from the presentation drawings and identifies the degree to which these changes incorporate elements found in previous works by Bernini. The analysis of these variances provides insight into the tomb’s function as both a tribute to the Pope as well as a final testament to Bernini
Maxentian Innovations at the Temple of Venus and Roma
Full text linkMaster of Arts in Art History -- John Cabot University, Spring 2024.This paper is an analysis of the architectural and material innovations carried out during the restoration of the Temple of Venus and Roma and how they might represent the political program of the Emperor Maxentius. By tracing the cult of Roma, from its beginnings in the Greek provinces of the Roman Republic to its solidification in the capital during the High Empire, this work highlights the significance of the Late Antique reconstruction of the Temple of Venus and Roma. Maxentius carried out several public works, but none of them were as deeply rooted in the identity of the city as the Temple of Venus and Roma, which had existed as a monument to Rome’s foundations since it’s inauguration in the early second century CE. Maxentius used the symbolic power of the temple to represent his authority as emperor. The source of Maxentius’ legitimacy was rooted in his imperial seat at the capital. In the fourth century, when Rome had long been abandoned as an imperial seat, an emperor ruling from Rome was a welcome return to tradition for the city.
Through the recognition of architectural patterns of other temples in the Imperial Fora, clear influences are present in the reconstructed temple which signal the political motivations of Maxentius. Maxentius refashioned the Temple of Venus and Roma to more closely resemble the apsidal temples of previous well-remembered emperors, and decorated the interior to signal his authority. Through the use of red porphyry, a stone which was a symbol of the emperor’s authority, Maxentius transformed the cellae of the new temple into a decidedly imperial space. From this analysis it can be posited that the interventions in the temple by Maxentius were meant to buttress his position as legitimate ruler by aligning himself with previous emperors and establishing physical ties to the city of Rome