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Effect of Stress-Free Therapy on Lower Legs Neuropathy : Two Case Reports
Get PDF我々はストレスフリー療法の効果は先行研究（previous studies)に於いて，1）深部体温上昇，血流量増加，血圧安定 2）ストレスマーカー（ACTH・コルチゾール)の低減 3）Ⅱ型糖尿病患者血糖値・インスリン抵抗性改善に加え頭部血流を有意に増加させ，代謝循環器系疾患の予防に繋がる可能性が示唆されている． これらの効果を受けて血流改善による神経機能に及ぼす影響について，2点識別覚，筋力測定，圧痛閾値を指標に下肢神経障害2症例への本療法の効果を検討した． また，同時に大学生：10名（平均年齢19．5±1．2歳） を健常群としてプラセボ効果の有無についても調査した．その結果，下肢神経障害2症例にストレスフリー療法を行った後に2例共に2点識別測定値が減少し，圧痛閾値も減少した．一方，プラセボ効果については健常群に有意な結果は得られなかった．このことからストレスフリー療法は血流改善による神経機能回復に好影響を与える可能性が示唆された．The following effects of the stress-free therapy reported:1) Deep body-part temperature rise, bloodstream increase, blood pressure stability2) Reduction in the stress markers（ACTH, cortisol）3) In the previous study it had been found that this therapy significantly improved blood glucose andinsulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results suggested that Stress-free Therapy®significantly increase cerebral blood flow, possibly leading to the prevention of metabolic cardiovasculardisease. In order to examine influences on neurological functions by the bloodstream improvement which wasbrought by the effects shown above, we investigated the effect of this therapy on two neuropathy cases oflower limbs by examining indexes of 2 point discrimination, muscular strength measurement, and pain onpressure threshold. At the same time, we investigated ten university students having a placebo effect or not（average age19.5±1.2 years old）as a normal group. As a result, in the two cases of lower limb neuropathy, both two points of identification measurements and the pain on pressure threshold decreased after the therapy. On theother hand, a meaningful result was not gained as a placebo effect in the normal group. The resultssuggested, the possibility of the Stress-free Therapy® giving positive effects for neurological functionrecovery by improving the bloodstream.departmental bulletin pape
The Lives of Children and the Conditions of Abortion and Infanticide in the Late Edo Period
Get PDF本研究の目的は、江戸時代の人口調節としての間引き・堕胎の実態、また通過儀礼としての産育習俗から見た日本の子育て、日本人の子ども観について文献を通して考察することである。歴史を通して見えてきたのは「堕胎・間引き」は全国的に慣習として存在したこと。堕胎法としては子宮収縮作用のある植物を用いる・冷水に浸かるなどであった。間引き法としては濡紙を口に当てる、手で口をふさぐなどの直接的なものとネグレクトなど間接的方法があった。これらの根底には貧しさがあり、親たちが生きるためのやむにやまれぬ選択であった。そして、そこには「7歳までは神の領域に属するもの」として「子どもを神に返す」という古来の日本人の精神があった。また、七五三に見られる通過儀礼は、子どもが無事に生まれ、無事に育つことの困難な時代にあって不安定な時期を乗り越えた節目の儀礼であった。そこには生まれた子どもを慈しんだ日本人の英知と祈りがあった。The purpose of this research is to investigate the actual conditions of infanticide and abortion as methods for population control during the late Edo Period; the customs of giving birth to and raising a child which Japan viewed as rites of passage; and an outlook on Japanese children. Looking back at history, we have found that abortion and infanticide existed as a custom all throughout Japan. Abortion methods such as soaking in ice cold water and using plants in order to cause the womb to shrink were used. As for infanticide, methods such as putting wet paper on the mouth, more direct acts such as covering the mouth with a hand, and indirect methods such as neglect were used. The use of these methods was essentially a result of poverty and was an inevitable choice for parents. The ancient Japanese spiritual belief that the child belonged to the domain of god until age seven also meant that they were returning the child to god. Furthermore, the rite of passage of Shichigosan (when children age 7, 5, and 3 visit a shrine) was a critical rite of passage that proved the overcoming of an unstable era in which giving birth to and raising children was a hardship. Within this custom was the wisdom and prayers of Japanese people who loved the child to which they gave birth.
Keywords: Late Edo Period, abortion, infanticide, a stance on children (a stance on life)departmental bulletin pape
Bioethics and The Concept of Vulnerability
Get PDF本稿は、生命倫理に関する重要な文書―とくにベルモント・レポート、「バルセロナ宣言」（1998）、国際医学団体協議会（CIOMS）、国際医学協会（WMA）およびUNESCOの諸文書―の検討をとおして、「脆弱性 vulnerability」概念の今日的な意義とそこから求められる人間観を解明する。その結果、以下の点が明らかされる。第１に、「脆弱性」概念が諸文書で重要なキー概念として使用されるのは、1990年代以降である。第２に、CIOMSやWMAとUNESCOの「脆弱性」の把握には大きな違いが見られる。前者はベルモント・レポートの基本構図、すなわち、個人的自律を理想とし、それができない「脆弱な者」をパターナリスティックな保護の対象とするという構図を持つ。これに対して後者は、誰もが抱える普遍的な脆弱性と、特定のグループや個人が抱える特別な脆弱性とを区別し、自律への支援を提起する。その根底には、アングロ・アメリカの「生命倫理」観とヨーロッパのそれとの大きな違い、すなわち、個人的自律を理想とした生命倫理観と普遍的な脆弱性を前提にした生命倫理観との違い、また生命倫理を人間中心の医療倫理として捉えるのか、それとも人間以外の生命や自然環境も含めて広く「いのちの倫理」として捉えるのかという違いがある。第３に、だがUNESCOでもこの2つの脆弱性がいかなる関係にあるかは曖昧なままである。最後に、人間の普遍的な脆弱性は、「自律的個人」から「関係的個人」、「個人的自律」から「関係的自律」への転換を迫る。また「人間の尊厳」や「人格の尊重」という概念も見直しを迫られる。This paper purposes to clarify the significance of the concept of vulnerability in bioethics and to rethink the view of human beings through reviewing the main international documents regarding research ethics in biomedicine; the Belmont Report, Guidelines of CIOMS, Barcelona Declaration, the versions of Helsinki Declaration of WMA, and the documents of UNESCO. From our review the following conclusions can be derived. Firstly, it is only since the 90’s that the concept of vulnerability has been used as an important key concept. Secondly, there are great differences in the concept of vulnerability among CIOMS, WMA, and UNESCO. The former two have the same schema as the Belmont Report, that is, the one that both CIOMS and WMA have the ideal of individual autonomy and view the vulnerable research subjects as objects of special protection. In contrast, the latter distinguishes intrinsic universal vulnerabilities of human beings from ones of special groups or persons, and supports autonomy of them. Behind those great differences lies a differing viewpoint from the Anglo-American view of bioethics to the European one; a difference between the conception of bioethics as human-based medicine ethics and the one of bioethics as “ethics of life” including other lives and natural environment. Thirdly, however, in the documents of UNESCO how these two vulnerabilities relate to each other, remains ambiguous. Lastly, a view of universal vulnerability prompts us to change the mainstream view of “autonomous individual” / “individual autonomy” into the one of “relative individual” / “relative autonomy”. We should therefore also revisit the concept of “human dignity” and “respect for person”.departmental bulletin pape
Reproducibility of Isometric Muscle Strength Measurement of the Wrist Flexion Using a Hand-held Dynamometer and Belt
Get PDF［目的］手関節掌屈筋力の徒手筋力測定における再現性の問題に対して，定量的測定値を得るためにハンドヘルドダイナモメーターを徒手で用いる従来の方法と，考案したハンドヘルドダイナモメーターをベルトで固定した方法における再現性を検討した．［対象］若年健常成人20名の利き手である右上肢20肢であった．［方法］ハンドヘルドダイナモメーターを徒手で固定する従来の方法とベルトで固定する方法による手関節掌屈筋力測定を行い，測定値を比較，検討した．［結果］ハンドヘルドダイナモメーターをベルトで固定した方法における検者内の級内相関係数は0.919であり，Bland-Altman分析では，2回目と3回目の測定値を用いることで系統誤差を認めなかった．［結論］1回目を練習とした後，2回目の測定値を採用することで，考案したハンドヘルドダイナモメーターをベルトで固定した手関節掌屈筋力測定方法は，臨床使用が可能な再現性を有することが示唆された．[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of the method of wrist flexion muscle strength measurement, in which a hand-held dynamometer was fixed with a belt. The subjects were 20 young healthy adults. [Methods] Two methods were examined. One is a conventional method in which the hand-held dynamometer was fixed on manipulative. In the other method, the hand-held dynamometer was fixed with a belt. [Results] In the latter method, the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.912. Bland-Altman analysis didn't produce a system error in using the measures of the 2nd and 3rd measurement. [Conclusion] The result suggested that clinical use of the latter method be possible since there was reproducibility in the 2nd measurement after the 1st practice.departmental bulletin pape
Relationship Between Use of School Counselor by the Teachers and Student School Counselor Use and Recognition in Public Junior High School
Get PDF本研究は，公立中学校15校の教員367名と生徒482名を対象とした調査を行い，スクールカウンセラー(SC)について，教員の利用状況と生徒の認知との関連を検討した．この結果，次のことが明らかになった．①生徒にSC利用を勧めた教員が多い学校では，SCの勤務曜日を知っている生徒は少なく，相談室に行ったことがある生徒も相談したことがある生徒も少なかった．②SCを利用した教員が多い学校では，SCの勤務曜日を知っている生徒は少なく，相談室来室経験と相談経験も少なかった．③生徒にSC利用を勧める割合と学校規模との関連は見られなかった．This study examined relationship between teachers’ use of the school counselor(SC) and students’ recognition of the school counselor in public junior high schools by research on participants consisted of 367 teachers and 482 students from 15 public junior high schools. Results indicated these things. ①In the schools that many teachers suggested the use of school counselor to students, there were few students who knew what days of the week their SC worked, visited the counseling room, and had their experience of counseling. ②In the schools that many teachers used school counselor, there were few students who knew what days of the week their SC worked, visited the counseling room, and had their experience of counseling. ③There were no relation between the percentage of what teachers suggested the use of school counselor and the scale of school.departmental bulletin pape
