OAK (Online Access to Knowledge) Commons (Young Harris College)
Not a member yet
33676 research outputs found
Sort by
A de novo Synthesis of Oxindoles from Cyclohexanone-Derived γ-Keto-ester Acceptors Using a Desaturative Amination–Cyclization Approach
No full textHere we report a desaturative approach for oxindole synthesis. This method uses simple γ-ester-containing cyclohexanones and primary amine building blocks as coupling partners. A dual photoredox–cobalt manifold is used to generate a secondary aniline that, upon heating, cyclizes with the pendent ester functionality. The process operates under mild conditions and was applied to the modification of several amino acids, the blockbuster drug mexiletine, as well as the formation of dihydroquinolinones
Using the ash of common water reeds as a silica source for producing high purity ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres
No full textUtilizing of ash extracted from Iraqi common water reeds as an inexpensive effective silica source in the preparation of ZSM-5 zeolite was investigated for the first time in the present work. This study was conducted using a hydrothermal treatment at autogenous pressure. The molar content of silica (17.84-26.76), sodium oxide (1.71-2.4), water (76.92-304.6), organic template (0.55-2.73), organic solvent (23.46-140.76), and synthesis conditions (crystallization time (24-72 h) and temperature (130-180 ⁰C)) were investigated to obtain high purity ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres. The zeolite samples were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis by X-Ray (EDAX), N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD pattern of all synthesized samples was compared to XRD pattern of the commercial ZSM-5 zeolite. This work allows using locally available solid waste resulted from a dry natural plant as an inexpensive silica source without using an external source of silica. Also, this is the first report of the direct synthesis of a high purity ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres from common water reeds ash containing highly reactive silica. A gel composition of 2Na2O: 26.76SiO2: Al2O3: 2.73TPAOH: 23.46EtOH: 304.6H2O gave an outstanding final product of ZSM-5 zeolite microspheres at 180 ⁰C and 27 h. This high crystallinity ZSM-5 zeolite porous microspheres possess Si/Al ratio of 17, a crystal size of 61.419 nm, BET surface area of 277.482 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.1659 cm3/g, micropore volume of 0.1131 cm3/g, pore width of 5.28 nm, and hierarchical factor of 0.14
Prevalence and Prognosis of Lynch Syndrome and Sporadic Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Endometrial Cancer
No full textBackground: Standard screening of endometrial cancer (EC) for Lynch syndrome (LS) is gaining traction, however the prognostic impact of an underlying hereditary etiology is unknown. We established the prevalence, prognosis and subsequent primary cancer incidence of patients with LS-associated EC in relation to sporadic mismatch repair deficient (MMRd)-EC in the large combined PORTEC-1,-2 and -3 trial cohort.Methods: After MMR-immunohistochemistry, MLH1-promoter methylation testing, and next-generation sequencing, tumors were classified into three groups according to the molecular cause of their MMRd-EC. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox model were used for survival analysis. Competing risk analysis was used to estimate the subsequent cancer probability. All statistical tests were two-sided.Results: Among the 1336 ECs, 410 (30.7%) were MMRd. A total of 380 (92.7%) were fully triaged: 275 (72.4%) were MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-ECs; 36 (9.5%) LS MMRd-ECs, and 69 (18.2%) MMRd-ECs due to other causes. Limiting screening of EC patients to ≤60 or ≤70 years would have resulted in missing 18 (50.0%) and 6 (16.7%) LS diagnoses. Five-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 91.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 83.1-100%; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.45, 95%CI =0.16-1.24, p=0.12) for LS, 95.5% (95% CI = 90.7-100%; HR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05-0.55, p=0.003) for ‘other’ versus 78.6% (95% CI = 73.8-83.7%) for MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-EC. The probability of subsequent LS-associated cancer at 10 years was 11.6% (95%CI = 0.0-24.7%), 1.5% (95%CI = 0.0-4.3%) and 7.0% (95%CI = 3.0-10.9%) within the LS, ‘other’ and MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-EC groups.Conclusion: The LS prevalence in the PORTEC-trial population was 2.8%, and among MMRd-ECs 9.5%. Patients with LS-associated ECs showed a trend towards better RFS and higher risk for second cancers compared to patients with MLH1-hypermethylated MMRd-EC. <br/
The Manchester perspective on using the Design Project to enhance the education of chemical engineering students
No full textThe Design Project is a major piece of work for any undergraduate in chemical engineering, enabling students to demonstrate skills and knowledge gained elsewhere in the degree programme, alongside their own abilities to create and innovate. As such, the main learning process is activity based and associated with the undertaking of an open-ended, but time limited project that poses significant challenges to most students. Particularly in the UK context, the importance of the design project is recognized via its inclusion as a separate and very significant element in the accreditation of all engineering degrees. During the past decade, developments in the Chemical Engineering Design Project at the University of Manchester have led to international recognition and prestigious awards. This perspective article aims to identify the best education practices associated with the Manchester experience and to share these to the potential benefit of programmes elsewhere. The paper includes specific details regarding the module specifications, learning outcomes, organization of the Design Project activities, individual and team work, reporting requirements, assessment procedures, and other aspects. The feedback received annually from students and fellow Design Project programme directors from other universities is also taken into account and the different perspectives are evaluated
Picturing Music in the English Renaissance
No full textMusic in the early modern period was profoundly visual. This is not simply in terms of the spectacle of performance, in masques, court entertainments and the playhouses, but also because music became a ‘read’ thing for the first time. This article seeks to bridge the gap between the ways in which renaissance England is understood by art history, and the ways in which it is understood by musicology. In so doing, it aims to establish a dialogue between these methodologies. The English Renaissance was a period of great musical innovation, spawning the works of John Taverner, Thomas Tallis, William Byrd and Orlando Gibbons amongst others, despite the religious upheavals of the Reformation and Marian counterreformations. However in art history it is still largely seen as a cultural backwater. This article argues that, on the contrary, music is a crucial source of visual interest in the English Renaissance
Relationship Between Metabolic Toxicity and Efficacy of Everolimus in Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Pooled Analysis From the Randomized, Phase 3 RADIANT-3 and RADIANT-4 Trials
No full textBACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia are class effects of mTOR inhibitors such as everolimus. This post hoc pooled analysis assessed the potential impact of these events on the efficacy of everolimus.METHODS: Patients with advanced, low-, or intermediate-grade pancreatic, GI, or lung NETs received either everolimus 10 mg/day orally or placebo in the RADIANT-3 and RADIANT-4 trials. A landmark PFS analysis by central review was performed on patients treated for at least 16 weeks (N = 308 [n = 200/412]) and according to the occurrence of any-grade AEs within this treatment period.RESULTS: The overall PFS with everolimus from the pooled analysis was 11.4 months (95% CI, 11.01-13.93 months), consistent with the findings of RADIANT-3 and RADIANT-4. Overall, 19.1% and 9.8% of patients in RADIANT-3 and 11.9% and 6.4% of patients in RADIANT-4 developed any-grade (regardless of study drug) hyperglycemia and hypercholesterolemia, respectively. The duration of everolimus exposure was longer in patients who developed these AEs vs patients without these AEs. Overall, 308 patients were exposed to treatment for at least 16 weeks (hyperglycemia [n = 39 of 269] and hypercholesterolemia [n = 20 of 288]). No association was observed between the development of these AEs and PFS (with/without hyperglycemia [18.8 months/14.1 months] and hypercholesterolemia [14.1 months/14.8 months]. CONCLUSIONS: Although limitations apply because of the small number of AEs observed, there was no significant impact of these AEs on PFS, suggesting a similar efficacy in the presence or absence of these events.<br/
Gender similarities in emotion perception tasks in a Latino population
No full textBasic emotions are universally recognized, although differences across cultures and between genders have been described. We report results in two emotion recognition tasks, in a sample of healthy adults from Chile. Methods: One hundred ninety-two volunteers (mean 31.58 years, s.d. 8.36; 106 women) completed the Emotional Recognition Task in which they were asked to identify a briefly displayed emotion, and the Emotional Intensity Morphing Task, in which they viewed faces with increasing or decreasing emotional intensity and indicated when they either detected or no longer detected the emotion. Results: All emotions were recognized at above chance levels. The only sex differences present showed men performed better at identifying anger (p = 0.0485), and responded more slowly to fear (p = 0.0057), than women Discussion: These findings are consistent with some, though not all, prior literature on emotion perception. Crucially, we report for the first time, data on emotional perception in a healthy adult Latino population, which contributes to emerging literature on cultural differences in affective processing
Nowhere to Hide: Radio-faint AGN in the GOODS-N field
No full textContext. Obtaining a census of active galactic nuclei (AGN) activity across cosmic time is critical to our understanding of galaxy evolution and formation. Many AGN classification techniques are compromised by dust obscuration. However, very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) can be used to identify high brightness temperature compact radio emission (> 105 K) in distant galaxies that can only be reliably attributed to AGN activity. Aims. We present the second in a series of papers dealing with the compact radio population in the GOODS-N field. This paper reviews the various multi-wavelength data and AGN classification techniques in the context of a VLBI-detected sample and use these to investigate the nature of the AGN as well as their host galaxies. Methods. Multi-wavelength data from radio to X-ray were compiled for the GOODS-N AGN sample, and fourteen widely used multi-wavelength AGN classification schemes were tested. We discuss and compare the various biases that affect multi-wavelength and VLBI selection. We use the physical interpretation to imply the nature of VLBI-selected AGN and their hosts. Results. Firstly, we find that no single identification technique can identify all VLBI objects as AGN. Infrared colour-colour selection is most notably incomplete. However, the usage of multiple classification schemes can identify all VLBI-selected AGN, independently verifying similar approaches used in other deep field surveys. In the era of large area surveys with instruments such as the SKA and ngVLA, multi-wavelength coverage, which relies heavily upon observations from space, is often unavailable. Therefore, VLBI remains an integral component in detecting AGN of the jetted efficient and inefficient accretion types. Secondly, a substantial fraction (46%) of the VLBI AGN have no X-ray counterpart, which is most likely due to lack of sensitivity in the X-ray band. Thirdly, a high fraction of the VLBI AGN reside in low or intermediate redshift dust-poor early-type galaxies. These most likely exhibit inefficient accretion. Fourthly, A significant fraction of the VLBI AGN reside in symbiotic dusty starburst - AGN systems. Finally, in the Appendix, we present an extensive compilation of the multi-wavelength properties of all the VLBI AGN in GOODS-N
Associations of loneliness and social isolation with physical and mental health among adolescents and young adults
No full textAims: The present study investigates whether loneliness and social isolation are associated with poor physical and mental health among adolescents and young adults and whether age and gender play a role in the associations of loneliness and social isolation with mental and physical health. Methods: This study used cross-sectional self-report data from the 2017 Danish Health and Morbidity Surveys entitled "How are you?" (n = 19,890, M = 22.6 years). Results: Logistic regression analyses showed that loneliness and social isolation were independently associated with poor physical and mental health. Loneliness was associated with increased odds of asthma, migraine, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, slipped disc/back pain, tinnitus, long-term mental illness, depressive symptomatology, anxiety symptomatology and alcohol problems. Social isolation was associated with decreased odds of having migraine, osteoarthritis and alcohol problems, and an increased risk of long-term mental illness and depressive symptomatology. Small age and gender differences were detected. Conclusions: In adolescents and young adults, loneliness and social isolation were associated with poor mental health and loneliness with poor physical health. These findings highlight the need for targeted prevention and intervention initiatives to alleviate loneliness and social isolation