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An Assessment of Sustainable Solid Waste Management and Occupational Health in Lusaka, Zambia
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Sound correspondences of the gSerkha dialect forms of Amdo Tibetan （eTa’u County）with Literary Tibetan, accompanied with a wordlist
Get PDFapplication/pdfThis article provides a systematic sound correspondence between Literary Tibetan forms and the gSerkha dialect of Amdo Tibetan. The gSerkha dialect belongs to the rMewa dialect group, spoken in gSerkha Township, rTa’u County, Kandze Tibetan Autonomous Pregecture, Sichuan Province, China. The principal description of the sound correspondence is divided into three parts: initial [consonants](Section 3.1), rhyme [vowel + final consonants](Section 3.2), and phenomena in a whole syllable(Section 3.3).
A Japanese-gSerkha wordlist (ca. 2000 words) is attached as an appendix at the end of the article.articl
【書評】星泉・海老原志穂・南太加・別所裕介（編）『チベット牧畜文化辞典 （チベット語・日本語）』東京外国語大学アジア・アフリカ言語文化研究所、2020 年、xl+448pp
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Used of Black Shale Adsorbent for the Removal of Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) from Greywater
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Nitrogen budgets in Japan from 2000 to 2015: Decreasing trend of nitrogen loss to the environment and the challenge to further reduce nitrogen waste
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SANITATION VALUE CHAIN Vol.4 No.1
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Technologies for Making Sanitation Value Chain
◆Preface
・・・・・・Ito, R. 002
Original Articles:
◆Challenges and Potentials of Ecological Sanitation: Experiences from the Cases in Vietnam and Malawi
・・・・・・Harada, H. and Fujii, S. 003
◆Development of Separation Process of Soluble Nutrients from Synthetic Dairy Slurry by Modified Solvay Process
・・・・・・Fujioka, M. and Ito, R. 017
◆Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles-Based Draw Solution for Forward Osmosis
・・・・・・Guizani, M., Endo, T., Ito, R. and Funamizu, N. 027
Research Report:
◆Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Sanitation and Hygiene among Primary School Students in Rural Area of Northeast China
・・・・・・He, J., Zeng, Y., Hao, M. and Yamauchi, T. 039articl
Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles-Based Draw Solution for Forward Osmosis
Get PDFapplication/pdfForward osmosis (FO) is a promising technology for urine volume reduction to ease the recovery of nutrients. Its efficiency is highly dependent on the draw solution. Hence, functionalization of novel draw solutions for forward osmosis (FO) has become a subject of intense investigation. Coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based solutions offer great potentials for their ability to generate osmotic pressure as well as their easy recovery. Since concentrated urine features high osmotic pressure, we aim to synthesize a high osmotic pressure generating draw solution. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), is an attractive coating agent as aqueous Polyethylene Glycol solutions are known to generate high osmotic Pressure. Moreover, PEG are hydrophilic and expected to have physical aggregation suppression. In this study, we adopted coprecipitation method to synthesize PEG 4000 coated MNPs as draw solution, and studied the influence of the initial coating agent amount and sonication effect on the coating ratio and the osmotic pressure generation of solutions made of the synthesized particles. We found that initial PEG to MNP ratio affects the coating ratio. Indeed, higher coating ratio is obtained with higher initial PEG to MNP ratio. A PEG to MNP ratio of 1 to 4 led to 31% coating ratio. This coating ratio can be slightly increased if the synthesized draw solution is treated with ultrasound for 30 minutes. Water flux data collected from forward osmosis experiment revealed that this novel draw solution generates osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure obtained from a draw solution containing a given amount of PEG 4000, is larger than the osmotic pressure if the same amount of PEG 4000 is used alone. Fate of the osmotic pressure of the novel draw solution following recycling of the synthesized MNPs is also evaluated. It was found that the drop in osmotic pressure of the regenerated draw solution is insignificant, proving possibility to reuse this draw solution for many cycles.articl
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Sanitation and Hygiene among Primary School Students in Rural Area of Northeast China
Get PDFapplication/pdfDisease burden due to unsafe water, lack of sanitation, and poor hygiene behavior requires attention. In developing countries, poor school hygiene behavior remains high-risk and causes infectious disease among students. Safe hygiene behavior such as hand washing with soap can protect children from infectious disease. However, a cross-sectional study found the correct rate of hand washing of Chinese people was only 4%. Our research evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of sanitation and hygiene among school children in the rural area of Northeast China. Participants were 333 groups of students and their parents. A questionnaire was used in the participants who reported the score of KAP level of sanitation and hygiene. Hand washing skill was checked following a checklist. Observation of sanitation facilities at school was also conducted. The questionnaires included participant characteristic, household socioeconomic status, and KAP questionnaire. The results of the questionnaires survey showed more than 80% of students had adequate knowledge of proper hygiene. Although students have sufficient knowledge about hygiene, lack of facilities may negatively affect their practice. There was no soap available in 2 schools, 53% of students reported it affects their hand washing performance at school. The results indicated the impact of gender, facilities and knowledge level on behavior. Our findings underscore the need for more hygiene education and the improvement of sanitation and hygiene facilities in the area.articl
