Politecnio die Bari - Catalogo di prodotti della Ricerca
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Neural Musical Instruments through Brain-Computer Interface and Biofeedback
No full textIn the electronic musical instrument scenario, the current paradigm of sound modification during live performance is predominantly based on the use of external control mechanisms to adjust sound configurations predefined by the performer. However, this approach is limited by the introduction of marginal latencies during the transition between sound configurations. To overcome these limitations, this study introduces a novel application of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) technology in a control system environment for musical instruments during live performances. The proposed system exploits classification between mental states of activation and relaxation, employing a Machine Learning (ML) system that achieves an average Accuracy of 0.92. Using Beta Protocol, the system allows dynamic modulation of sound according to the mental state of the performer. Finally, an explainability analysis was performed to clarify the impact of specific features during the prediction process
A Comprehensive Experimental Study on the Dynamic Identification of Historical Three-Arch Masonry Bridges Using Operational Modal Analysis
No full textThis article presents an extensive experimental investigation of the dynamic characteristics of three-arch historical masonry bridges, using Operational Modal Analysis (OMA). The research thoroughly characterizes the dynamic behavior of four representative masonry bridges from the Apulia Region in Southern Italy through detailed experimental campaigns. These campaigns employed calibrated and optimally implemented accelerometric monitoring systems to acquire high-quality dynamic data under controlled excitation and environmental conditions. The selected bridges include the Santa Teresa Bridge in Bitonto, the Roman Bridge in Bovino, the Roman Bridge in Ascoli Satriano and a moderner road bridge on the Provincial Road SP123 in Troia; they span almost two millennia of construction history. The experimental framework incorporated several non-invasive excitation methods, including controlled vehicle passes, instrumented hammer impacts and ambient vibration tests, strategically chosen for optimal signal quality and heritage preservation. This investigation demonstrates the feasibility of capturing the dynamic behavior of these complex and specific historic structures through customized sensor configurations and various excitation methods. The resulting natural frequencies and mode shapes are accurate, robust, and reliable considering the extended data set used, and have allowed a rigorous seismic assessment. Eventually, this comprehensive data set establishes a fundamental basis for understanding and predicting the seismic response of several three-span masonry bridges to accurately identify their long-term resilience and effective conservation planning of these valuable and vulnerable heritage structures. In conclusion, the data comparison enabled the formulation of a predictive equation for the identification of the first natural frequency of bridges from geometric characteristics
Multimodal framework for TACE treatment response prediction in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
No full textFully resolved simulations of rigid particle focusing in serpentine microfluidic devices
No full textIn recent years, lab-on-chip technology has become a particularly interesting topic in the field of medical diagnostics. In this context, the ability of such devices to sort particles at the micrometric scale without any external forces is quite intriguing. Due to their small length scale, they operate with flows at low Reynolds numbers, typically in the range 1–100. In this flow regime, the particle dynamics is affected by inertial effects, including wall-lift force and shear-gradient lift force. Secondary flow can arise in curved channels due to radial pressure distribution. This study focuses on rigid particle transport in microfluidic devices, employing a computational framework to better understand the complex interplay between channel geometry, cross section, particle characteristics, and flow conditions. The flow solver is based on a lattice Boltzmann method and includes a fluid structure interaction technique. The particle rigid motion is evaluated starting from the computation of the hydrodynamic forces acting on the particle and repulsive forces taking into account any particle-particle or wall-particle interactions. Kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions are imposed at the fluid-solid interface by means of an immersed-boundary treatment. The model is validated against benchmark data: a single sphere settling under gravity, and rotations of spheroidal particles in a three-dimensional Couette flow at low-to-moderate Reynolds number. Finally, simulations of particle transport in serpentine channels with 10 repeating units have been carried out for two particle sizes at different flow conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the solver for particle-focusing applications within serpentine microdevices. To the authors' knowledge, the results reported in this paper are the first obtained with fully resolved simulations of fluid-structure interaction applications in microchannels with complex realistic geometry
Toward a Human‐Centric and Cognitive Integration Paradigm in Industry 5.0: Implications for Production Engineering
No full textThe fifth industrial revolution, known as Industry 5.0 (I5.0), has a vision for a new, resilient, socio-centred and competitive industry. The new approach provides a vision to enhance human-machine interaction (HMI) and assist operators efficiently. This study investigates the integration of human-centric principles within Industry 5.0, specifically in production engineering, with a central focus on the collaboration between humans and machines. Through an extensive literature review, the research identifies emerging trends and significant gaps in the current body of knowledge, especially regarding the development of intuitive and flexible interfaces, ethical frameworks in automated systems, and the management of cognitive load within manufacturing environments. The findings reveal considerable gaps in understanding the practical application of HMI across various industrial settings, emphasising the need for production technologies that enhance capabilities and advance a sustainable, ethical, and human-centred manufacturing landscape. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on I5.0 by advocating for frameworks that prioritise human-centric values alongside technological innovation
Exploring the Potential of Fluoride Optical Fibers for Sensing in the Mid-Infrared
No full textAll-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers have emerged as versatile solutions for sensing a number of parameters, including temperature, strain, and surrounding refractive index. Their operation relies on the interference between core and cladding modes, which generates a distinctive comb-shaped output spectrum that shifts in wavelength as a function of the monitored parameter changes [1]. Typically, single-mode fibers are employed, with cladding modes excited through non-adiabatic taper, S-taper, or off-axis splices
Biomechanical Comparison of Titanium and CFR-PEEK Intramedullary Nails Using Finite Element Analysis
No full textThis study analyzes the biomechanical performance of intramedullary nails made of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures, with a focus on their effects under different bone density conditions representing young and osteoporotic bone. Using finite element models and analyses simulating mid-stance gait loading and incorporating muscle forces adjusted for age-related reduction, the load transfer and stress distribution were evaluated, along with the osteogenic index (OI) as a measure of biological stimulus for bone healing. Results showed that titanium nails produced lower bone stresses but caused significant proximal stress shielding, particularly in osteoporotic bone, which could impair healing. In contrast, CFR-PEEK nails exhibited higher and more uniformly distributed stresses along the femoral diaphysis and shifted the osteogenic stimulus into a range promoting more mature bone formation in both young and elderly femora. The composite material’s elastic modulus closer to bone and its orthotropic fiber arrangement contributed to these effects. The study concludes that CFR-PEEK nails offer a promising alternative to titanium by reducing stress shielding and enhancing the biomechanical environment favorable for fracture healing, especially in osteoporotic patients. Future work will include dynamic loading conditions and experimental validation to optimize implant design
Mid-infrared fused fiber optics: a fluoride coupler for 5000 nm applications
No full textA 2 × 2 optical fiber coupler is manufactured by employing two single-mode indium fluoride optical fibers enclosed within a low-refractive-index indium fluoride capillary. The design leverages the finite element method to calculate the phase constants of the x and y polarized components of the symmetric and antisymmetric supermodes guided through the whole waveguiding region. The fabricated polarization independent coupler is characterized in the mid-infrared wavelength range up to 5000 nm, demonstrating about 3 dB coupling at this record-high wavelength. The numerical investigations show how both the degree of glass fusion and the capillary affect the coupling length and the coupler sensitivity to the polarization. In particular, for the first time, the influence of the capillary is investigated and discussed improving the understanding of the coupling phenomenon. These results pave the way for obtaining optical devices with enhanced performance in applications such as spectroscopy, medical diagnostics and therapy