Politecnio die Bari - Catalogo di prodotti della Ricerca
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Development of a fiber tracker for satellite-borne astroparticle physics experiments
No full textI raggi cosmici sono particelle ad alta energia che provengono dall' Universo e colpiscono l’atmosfera terrestre. Essi sono composti principalmente da protoni (circa il 90%), mentre il resto è costituito da nuclei di elio (particelle alfa) e una piccola percentuale di elementi più pesanti ed elettroni. La radiazione cosmica comprende anche una frazione di raggi gamma e di neutrini.
Sono prodotti da fenomeni estremamente energetici nell'Universo e rappresentano uno strumento fondamentale per comprendere la fisica dietro i processi associati alla loro emissione.
I raggi cosmici carichi di alta energia che colpiscono l’atmosfera terrestre producono cascate costituite da diverse particelle secondarie (raggi cosmici secondari) che possono raggiungere il livello del mare. I secondari possono essere misurate tramite rilevatori a terra. D'altra parte, i raggi cosmici a bassa energia possono essere studiati direttamente mediante osservatori spaziali.
Molti esperimenti su satellite sono attualmente in funzione come Fermi, AMS, DAMPE. Nel corso degli ultimi decenni, questi esperimenti hanno raggiunto risultati significativi. Molti dei fenomeni ad alta energia rimangono tuttavia solo parzialmente compresi, evidenziando la necessità di nuovi esperimenti su satellite.
I progressi ottenuti negli ultimi anni nello sviluppo di nuove tecnologie per rilevatori, permettono di incrementare sensibilità e risoluzione consentendo il
rilevamento di segnali più deboli provenienti da fonti distanti.
La missione spaziale NUSES sarà un esperimento su satellite dedicato allo studio di raggi cosmici.
Questa tesi si concentra sullo sviluppo e sulla valutazione delle prestazioni di un tracciatore di particelle cariche basato su fibre scintillanti lette da fotomoltiplicatori al silicio (SiPM) per l'esperimento Ziré, uno degli strumenti a bordo di NUSES. .
Il tracciatore a fibre comprende tre moduli X-Y, ciascuno costituito da due strati di fibre scintillanti disposti ortogonalmente su due piani. Una particella che passa attraverso il tracciatore interagisce con il materiale della fibra, depositando energia che produce luce attraverso il processo di scintillazione. Questa luce viene raccolta da entrambe le estremità delle fibre colpite mediante un array SiPM.
L'utilizzo di fibre scintillanti accoppiate a SiPM offre il vantaggio di avere un ridotto material budget ridotto, un'elevata scalabilità ed un ridotto power consumption rendendola un candidato ideale per applicazioni spaziali.
All'inizio di questo lavoro, è stato sviluppato un framework di simulazione Geant4 per testare le prestazioni del rilevatore e ottimizzare la progettazione del tracker rispetto al diametro della fibra e al passo della dell'array di SiPM.
Dopo aver validato il modello tramite simulazione, sono stati costruiti e testati diversi prototipi con fasci di particelle ad alta energia al CERN Proton Synchrotron.
Sulla base dei risultati dei test su fascio, è stato assemblato e testato il primo prototipo di Ziré, denominato "Zirettino". .
Per verificare che le vibrazioni subite dai rilevatori durante il lancio non possono causare danni che in grado di compromettere la missione, è stato costruito un modello strutturale di NUSES al fine di sottoporlo a test di stress da vibrazione. Sono stati inoltre condotti functionality check prima e dopo questi test di vibrazione. I risultati dei test post-vibrazioni non hanno mostrato inefficienze rispetto ai risultati pre-vibrazioni, confermando che il tracciatore non è ha subito alcun danno in seguito ai test vibrazionali.
Questi risultati dimostrano la validità del tracciatore a fibre progettato per applicazioni su satellite.Cosmic rays are high-energy particles originating from outer space that strike Earth’s atmosphere. Produced by extremely energetic phenomena throughout the Universe, they serve as unique probes for understanding the physics behind the processes associated with their emission. In recent decades, significant breakthroughs have been achieved through various satellite-borne experiments. However, many cosmic phenomena remain only partially understood, highlighting the need for new satellite-based detectors.
The NUSES space mission is a future satellite experiment dedicated to studying cosmic rays. This thesis focuses on the development and performance evaluation of a tracker detector based on scintillating fibers read out by Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) for the Zir`e experiment, one of the instruments onboard NUSES. The fiber tracker comprises three X-Y modules, each made of two layers of scintillating fibers arranged orthogonally in two planes. A particle passing through the tracker interacts with the fiber material, depositing energy that produces light through the scintillation process. This light is collected at both ends of the impacted fiber by a SiPM array. Scintillating fiber technology offers advantages in terms of low material budget and scalability, making it a promising candidate for future space-borne detectors.
At the beginning of this work, a Geant4 simulation framework was developed to test the detector’s performance and optimize the tracker design with respect to fiber diameter and SiPM array strip pitch. After validating the simulation, several prototype modules were constructed and tested with high-energy particle beams at CERN Proton Synchrotron.
Based on beam test results, the first Ziré prototype, called ”Zirettino,” was assembled and tested. To verify that the vibrations experienced by the detectors during launch would not cause damage that could compromise the mission, a structural model of NUSES was built and subjected to vibration stress testing. Functionality checks were also conducted before and after these vibration tests. The post-test results showed no inefficiencies compared to the pre-test results, confirming that the tracker was unaffected by any damage from the vibration testing.
These findings demonstrate that the designed fiber tracker is a promising solution for the Ziré experiment
Technical and Economic Feasibility Investigation for the Treatment of Microplastic-Contaminated Marine Sediments Through an Environmentally Sustainable Separation Process
No full textThis work provides a comprehensive study of a density separation treatment through sucrose solution for the removal of microplastics (MPs) from marine sediments. The theoretical determination of flotation velocities for 1.0 mm diameter spherical MPs with a density of 1.3 g/cm 3 at various solution temperatures and sucrose contents was performed. An optimal velocity of 1.03 m/h was observed with a 70% sucrose solution at 50 °C. The validation of theoretical velocities was carried out through experimental tests at optimal operating conditions for polypropylene (PP), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polylactic acid (PLA), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as target MPs. The results showed an experimental floating velocity slightly lower than the theoretical predictions for PP, HDPE, and PLA. PVC, instead, characterized by a higher density than the separation solution, showed a settling velocity 42% lower than the theoretical one. Further tests were performed to assess the solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratio effect on MPs' separation efficiency. The results showed an optimal S/L of 75 kg/m 3 with 80% PVC removal and total PP, HDPE, and PLA removal. Finally, the design and cost optimization of a longitudinal settling tank were proposed for the pilot/real-scale treatment. The observed outcomes provided in-depth details useful for the development of an environmentally sustainable treatment for the preservation of marine areas
Ordini molteplici della costruzione nell'architettura di Peter Märkli
No full textL’indagine che qui si presenta ha la finalità di esplicitare le domande essenziali su cui l’opera dell’architetto svizzero Peter Märkli riflette nell’ambito del rapporto tra Architettura e Costru- zione.
I caratteri costitutivi del modus operandi di questo autore così singolare nel panorama architettonico contemporaneo sono forma ed espressione.
È sostanzialmente dal reciproco contrasto tra questi due termini durante il processo progettuale che Märkli inventa le proprie opere, distanziandosi da ogni modalità preconcetta o ideologica di concepirle. Una postura sempre aperta al costante dialogo con le pratiche dell’arte e con la storia delle forme dell’architettura, dalla quale risulta complessivamente un eclettismo creativo di difficile inquadramento ed interpretazione che si manifesta nell’adozione di linguaggi che spaziano dall’evocazione del linguaggio classico alla pura astrazione.
L’opera nel suo complesso è un contributo critico fondamentale ed una posizione estremamente radicale nel dibattito architettonico contemporaneo, avvicinando questo autore ai suoi maestri d’elezione: Le Corbusier, Sigurd Lewerentz, ma soprattutto Mies van der Rohe.
Analogamente alla riflessione maturata dal maestro tedesco, Märkli afferma che l’architettura è un antico linguaggio che ha una sua grammatica, rivendicando il suo essere primariamente Baukunst, e cioè, arte del costruire.The investigation presented here aims to clarify the essential questions on which the work of the Swiss architect Peter Märkli reflects in the context of the relationship between Architecture and Construction.
The constitutive characters of the modus operandi of this author so singular in the contemporary architectural panorama are form and expression.
It is substantially from the mutual contrast between these two terms during the design process that Märkli invents his own works, distancing himself from any preconceived or ideological way of conceiving them. A posture always open to constant dialogue with the practices of art and with the history of architectural forms, from which an overall creative eclecticism emerges that is difficult to classify and interpret, which manifests itself in the adoption of languages that range from the evocation of classical language to pure abstraction.
The work as a whole is a fundamental critical contribution and an extremely radical position in the contemporary architectural debate, bringing this author closer to his chosen masters: Le Corbusier, Sigurd Lewerentz, but above all Mies van der Rohe. Similarly to the reflection matured by the German master, Märkli states that architecture is an ancient language that has its own grammar, claiming its being primarily Baukunst, that is, the art of building
Search for long-lived heavy neutral leptons in proton-proton collision events with a lepton-jet pair associated with a secondary vertex at = 13 TeV
No full textAn Integrated Control Framework for Safe and Ergonomic Human-Drone Interaction in Industrial Warehouses
Get PDFThis study introduces a novel control framework for human-drone interaction (HDI) in industrial warehouses, targeting pick-and-delivery operations. The goals are to enhance operator safety as well as well-being and, at the same time, to improve efficiency and reduce production costs. To these aims, the speed and separation monitoring (SSM) operation method is employed for the first time in HDI, drawing an analogy to the safety requirements outlined in collaborative robots' ISO standards. The so-called protective separation distance is used to ensure the safety of operators engaged in collaborative tasks with drones. In addition, we employ the rapid upper limb assessment (RULA) method to evaluate the ergonomic posture of operators during interactions with drones. To validate the proposed approach in a realistic industrial setting, a quadrotor is deployed for pick-and-delivery tasks along a predefined trajectory from the picking bay to the palletizing area, where the interaction between the drone and a moving operator takes place. The drone navigates toward the interaction space while avoiding collisions with shelves and other drones in motion. The control strategy for the drone cruise navigation integrates simultaneously the time-variant artificial potential field (APF) technique for trajectory planning and the iterative linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller for trajectory tracking. Differently, in the descent phase, the receding horizon LQR algorithm is employed to follow a trajectory planned in accordance with the SSM, which starts from the approach point at the border of the interaction space and ends in the volume with the operator's minimum RULA. The presented control strategy facilitates drone management by adapting the drone's position to changes in the operator's position while satisfying HDI safety requirements. The results of the proposed HDI framework simulations for the case study demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in ensuring a safe and ergonomic HDI within industrial warehouses
A competency map for circular economy education
No full textThe advance of the twin transition (i.e., digital and green) has led to an ever-increasing need for qualified labour that could integrate knowledge about digital technologies with sustainable applications. In this context, competences related to the Circular Economy (CE) are crucial for the achievement of global environmental goals and need to be reinforced by the support of digital competences. Many European institutions are addressing this need by defining the skills needed to cope with this transition, both at the Higher Education (HE) and Vocational Education and Training (VET) levels. Due to a lack of a structured list of competences that can serve as a reference point for the development of educational programmes at both HE and VET levels, this work aims at proposing a map guiding the development of courses considering the twin transition and offering direction for individual career advancement. To achieve this, the European reference documents regulating the certification of competences and the main competence frameworks available were analysed. The definition of specific levels of competences to be guaranteed at both HE and VET levels and the focus on CE-related skills allowed the development of a framework composed of four main areas of skills (i.e., resilience & soft, entrepreneurship, green transition, digital). Based on a critical analysis of this framework and on the T-shaped learning approach, a competency map was obtained. The resulting map developed identifies four main core courses, corresponding to the main areas of skills defined in the reference framework, to be flanked by additional specialized ones needed to address boundary-crossing CE-related competences. The results provide a flexible foundation for the design of training courses in the CE domain
Forme innovate in terra stampata per il progetto urbano e il benessere outdoor
No full textL’obiettivo della presente ricerca consiste nell’indagare le relazioni che intercorrono tra la tecnologia di manifattura additiva, alla scala dell’edificio, e la forma architettonica espressa dal sistema produttivo oltre ai materiali coinvolti nel processo e la funzione assunta dal manufatto. Il lavoro nella prima parte tratta dettagliatamente l’evoluzione delle tecniche utilizzate per le costruzioni in terra cruda. Questo excursus storico mira a validare il metodo additivo del Material Extrusion come nuova frontiera tecnica nel progetto e nella costruzione dell’architettura in terra cruda attraverso l’analisi di opere realizzate. La tesi prosegue prendendo in considerazione le metodologie progettuali e processuali necessarie per questa categoria di progetti affrontando criticamante il ruolo dell’architetto nell’era della progettazione computazionale e dei processi produttivi automatizzati nel settore edile. I risultati della ricerca si sostanziano in un modello che raccoglie alcuni criteri compositivi per consentire di operare nella progettazioe di shelter urbani prodotti attraverso tecnologia additiva con l’uso di materiali naturali in contesti di spazio pubblico in area mediterranea. Infine, in linea allo sviluppo di analoghe ricerche scientifiche internazionali, è stato realizzato un dimostratore architettonico a scala reale, avvalendosi delle attrezzature che il Politecnico di Bari offre nei suoi laboratori. In questo contesto, il processo di definizione formale, le tecnologie di realizzazione e i materiali impiegati collaborano sinergicamente per migliorare le condizioni termo-igrometriche dell’ambiente contribuendo, allo stesso tempo, al benessere di chi ne fruisce.The aim of the following research is to investigate the relationships between the Additive Manufacturing technology, at the scale of the building and: the architectural shape expressed by the production system; the materials involved in the process; the function taken by the product.
In the first part, the research gives a detailed analysis of the evolution in the techniques used for constructions made of raw earth. The historical excursus aims to validate the additive method of Material Extrusion as a new technical frontier in the design and construction made of raw earth architecture through the analysis of existing projects.
The thesis then moves on considering the design and process methodologies required for similar projects, analysing the role of the architect in the era of computational design and automated production processes in the construction industry.
The results of the research lead to a model that brings together a set of compositional criteria for the design of urban shelters produced through additive technology and the use of natural materials in contexts such as the public space of Mediterranean cities.
Lastly, in line with similar internWational scientific research, a full-scale architectural demonstrator was realised, using the equipment that the Polytechnic of Bari provides in its laboratories. In this context, the form-finding process, the construction technologies and the materials used, work together synergistically to improve the thermo-hygrometric conditions of the environment while contributing to the well-being of those who use it
Heat Waves and Terrorist Acts: A Behavioural-Based Approach for Multi-risk Assessment and Mitigation in Historic Public Squares
No full textHistoric urban areas face both natural and anthropogenic risks, which can appear slowly (e.g. increasing temperatures, air pollution), or suddenly (e.g. earthquakes, terrorist acts). These risks can alter user behaviour and can imply the necessity to activate emergency procedures. Risk assessment and mitigation tasks should hence consider the interaction between multiple hazards affecting the built heritage and urban fabric, and by including the analysis on users’ behaviours. This assumption is particularly relevant in the context of historic public open spaces, such as squares, where the convergence of hazard and building heritage vulnerability could be further intensified by critical levels of users’ exposure and vulnerability. This work presents a multi-risk assessment and mitigation approach for squares, considering the presence of large crowds and simulating their response to slow and sudden emergencies. The methodology addresses the combined effects of increasing temperatures and terrorist acts using a probabilistic, multi-agent, and cellular automata-based model. The results are assessed using key performance indicators (KPIs), aimed at combining hazard, vulnerability, and exposure factors through expeditious and simulation-based methodologies. The approach is applied to Piazza dell’Odegitria, in the historic centre of Bari, Italy. Sustainable single and combined retrofitting solutions are proposed to reduce multi-risk by up to about 16%. These solutions are designed to be simple, compatible, reversible, and tailored to the square’s characteristics. The results highlight the benefit of the investigated methodology allowing local authorities to evaluate various environmental and spatiotemporal configurations as preliminary strategies for risk mitigation in historic urban areas
