Politecnio die Bari - Catalogo di prodotti della Ricerca
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CityGML-based model for the recovery and management of built cultural heritage: a systematic review towards digitalized processes
No full textOver the last few decades, digital and parametric modelling of buildings and cities on a large scale has demonstrated a growing trend. Moreover, these applications have underscored the need for a higher level of organization in managing built Cultural Heritage, which traditionally relies on well-structured methods and multidisciplinary skills. In light of this, the paper presents the results of a systematic review of the CityGML standard for designing architectural and built Cultural Heritage for recovery and maintenance. Specifically, the review focuses on CityGML-based models and their multi-dimensional extensibility (from the buildings to the territorial scale), considering different scales (based on geographical and spatial dimensions of built Cultural Heritage), fields of application (maintenance, conservation, risk assessment), ontological rules (whether new or pre-existing), and the integration of Decision Support Systems (e.g., automation of processes in assessing architectures and their systems, as well as the required interventions). Thanks to the use of the PRISMA-S checklist, the review involves a first sample of 196 scientific works, selecting 57 for the detailed analysis. The process has highlighted the extensive use of digital CityGML-based models for all scales of the built Cultural Heritage. However, the main objectives are cataloguing and systematizing technical knowledge at the building scale to solve the requirement of standardized information. Due to that, the use of ontologies integrated with standards supports the aim by varying thematic qualities and details of the contents, coherently with the fields of application. This extensibility is also reflected in the application of external rules providing structured logic for Cultural Heritage management and automatic or semi-automatic support for policymakers’ decisions in collaborative and multi-disciplinary digital environments. In this framework, experiences are finally discussed in terms of opportunities to use CityGML-based models to support traditional methods for the built Cultural Heritage into digital tools and platforms, exploring possible scenarios of future application fields
Pull-off force prediction in viscoelastic adhesive Hertzian contact by physics augmented machine learning
No full textPredicting the adhesive properties of viscoelastic Hertzian contacts is crucial for diverse engineering applications, including robotics, biomechanics, and advanced material design. This study introduces a novel physics-augmented machine learning (PA-ML) framework as a hybrid approach to study the maximum adherence force of a Hertzian indenter unloaded from a viscoelastic substrate, bridging the gap between analytical models and data-driven solutions. The PA-ML model is capable of rapidly predicting the pull-off force in an Hertzian profile unloaded from a broad band viscoelastic material, with varying Tabor parameter, preload and retraction rate. Compared to previous models, the PA-ML approach provides fast yet accurate predictions in a wide range of conditions, properly predicting the effective surface energy and the work-to-pull-off. The integration of the analytical model provides critical guidance to the PA-ML framework, supporting physically consistent predictions. We demonstrate that physics augmentation enhances predictive accuracy, reducing mean squared error (MSE) while increasing model interpretability. We provide data-driven and PA-ML models for real-time predictions of the adherence force in soft materials like silicons and elastomers opening to the possibility to integrate PA-ML into materials and interface design. The models are openly available on Zenodo and GitHub
Measurement of the Higgs boson mass and width using the four-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV
No full textA measurement of the Higgs boson mass and width via its decay to two (Formula presented) bosons is presented. Proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of (Formula presented) at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, is used. The invariant mass distribution of four leptons in the on-shell Higgs boson decay is used to measure its mass and constrain its width. This yields the most precise single measurement of the Higgs boson mass to date, (Formula presented), and an upper limit on the width (Formula presented) at 95% confidence level. A combination of the on- and off-shell Higgs boson production decaying to four leptons is used to determine the Higgs boson width, assuming that no new virtual particles affect the production, a premise that is tested by adding new heavy particles in the gluon fusion loop model. This result is combined with a previous CMS analysis of the off-shell Higgs boson production with decay to two leptons and two neutrinos, giving a measured Higgs boson width of (Formula presented), in agreement with the standard model prediction of 4.1 MeV. The strength of the off-shell Higgs boson production is also reported. The scenario of no off-shell Higgs boson production is excluded at a confidence level corresponding to 3.8 standard deviations
Identification of potential causes of nitrate pollution in three apulian aquifers (Southern Italy)
No full textThis study investigates nitrate pollution in three Apulian aquifers (i.e., Murgia, Salento, and Tavoliere) by analysing its relationship with physiochemical variables and land use classes from Corine Land Cover. Geostatistical tools, specifically Ordinary Kriging and Co-Kriging, were used to identify vulnerable areas and determine key factors influencing pollution. Nitrate was chosen due to its prevalence as a groundwater contaminant and its impacts on human health and environmental quality. The analysis is based on 29,367 chemical tests from 217 wells, covering the period 1996–2021 for the coastal karst aquifers of Murgia and Salento, and 2005–2021 for the porous Tavoliere aquifer. This timeframe enables a comprehensive assessment of nitrate variability under different hydrological conditions. Despite limitations in sampling distribution, the study identifies significant drivers of nitrate pollution. The correlation of nitrates with calcium, magnesium, and sulphates suggests that fertilizers containing these elements contribute to their elevated concentrations. Additionally, land use plays a crucial role, as certain crops demand heavy fertilization, while others generate nitrogen surplus depending on soil conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of understanding the factors driving nitrate pollution and the broader implications for groundwater quality. They underscore the need for continuous, spatially and temporally extensive monitoring and integrated management strategies to mitigate nitrate transport from soil to groundwater effectively
Evaluation of the Operational, Economic, and Environmental Benefits of Adopting Blue Economy in the Change of Aircraft Engine Washing Process: A Case Study
Full text linkThe aviation industry has a significant impact on the environment, accounting for 13% of global fossil fuel consumption and 2% of annual CO2 emissions. One of the factors that increase this consumption is engine degradation due to the accumulation of dirt on compressor blades. To mitigate this effect and restore efficiency, compressor washing is essential, but it requires high water consumption. This study analyzes the operational, economic, and environmental benefits of optimizing this process, based on the Blue Economy. Fuel efficiency was assessed using the Fuel/RTM indicator, financial viability using ROI, and environmental impacts using the MIF index. The results indicate a 1.8% gain in fuel efficiency, annual savings of $179,000, a 6.9% reduction in environmental impact, and a 50% drop in water use. The findings demonstrate that sustainable maintenance practices generate economic and environmental gains, contributing to the conservation of water resources in aviation
A Machine Learning Method to Early Detect Catastrophic Failures of Marine Diesel Engines: A Case Study
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Road design influence on driving behaviors: The influence of curve design, a case study
Full text linkRoad geometry has always been a key feature for road safety concerns. It will become more crucial in the context of future transportation, especially with the advent of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs). In fact, recognizable and intuitive road alignments would simplify the driving tasks for both humans and CAVs (independently from the rate of automation). Thus, not only building consistent and self-explaining roads is fundamental for new and old vehicles, but also adjusting the existent ones, operation that seems even harder. Since most of the existing roads would need massive interventions, policy makers and road designers might choose between making adjustments being compliant with the current regulations in toto or adopting countermeasures supported by specific safety assessments to make existing roads safer, also in the perspective of future changes. In this optic, the present study tries to investigate a typical geometric design issue of existing roads, i.e., the presence of a long segment followed by a sharp curve without transition curves on undivided two-way two-lane rural roads. This alignment does not reflect the current recommendations for road alignment, so it was investigated the effect of such a design on users and safety for a specific testbed. The users’ behavior was investigated recording the kinematic parameters of the traveling vehicles. This data collection was run using radar traffic counters, placed on the roadside throughout the entire layout of the investigated segment-curve, to get speed and acceleration. The data were elaborated to investigate driving behavior in free-flow conditions. A K-means cluster analysis was run to characterize the users’ behaviors in terms of speed and acceleration. Hard braking was found to be strongly related to high speed, as well as ongoing deceleration on curve was detected for all the vehicles with high speeds on the segment. Results about users’ behaviors were compared to the available crash dataset to understand the possible implications of human factors on occurred crashes and to simulate the decision process of safety-related adjustments of existing roads
The Impact of the Circuit Non-Idealities on the System-Level Communication Metrics in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces
No full textReconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) represents a crucial technology for the advancement of wireless communications, particularly in the context of 5G and beyond. To the best of our knowledge, there is no work in literature which investigates a possible link between circuit parameters, which are necessary for the representation of the unit cell and its reconfigurability circuit, and the system parameters, in order to evaluate the performance of a RIS-assisted communication. This work aims to address this gap by establishing a link between the two types of parameters. Another fundamental contribution concerns the study of the effects of quantization of the phase values associated with the unit cell on communication performance. In this paper, the scenarios with continuous and quantized phase values were considered, as well as effects of the quantization, taking into account the impact of circuit components within RIS-unit cells
Theatrum ibidem erat eminentissimum. La riscoperta del teatro di Agrigento
No full textL’articolo presenta i risultati delle più recenti ricerche archeologiche e topografiche che hanno portato all’identificazione del teatro antico di Agrigento, a lungo cercato sin dal XVI secolo. Dopo secoli di speculazioni e tentativi infruttuosi, la scoperta è avvenuta nel 2016 grazie a un’indagine interdisciplinare condotta dal Politecnico di Bari, dall’Università di Catania e dal Parco Archeologico della Valle dei Templi. Il teatro, situato sul margine meridionale dell’agorà ellenistico-romana, si inserisce in un ampio progetto monumentale di valorizzazione scenografica della città antica. Lo scavo ha rivelato strutture murarie curvilinee, sostruzioni complesse e blocchi di sedili in calcarenite, permettendo di ricostruire la pianta dell’edificio e ipotizzarne l’assetto originario. La scoperta del teatro arricchisce la conoscenza della topografia urbana di Akragas e ne evidenzia la vocazione monumentale in età ellenistica, facendo emergere un autentico palinsesto storico e architettonico.The article presents the results of recent archaeological and topographical research that led to the identification of the long-lost ancient theatre of Agrigento, a subject of speculation since the 16th century. After centuries of uncertainty, the discovery was made in 2016 thanks to an interdisciplinary investigation carried out by the Polytechnic University of Bari, the University of Catania, and the Archaeological Park of the Valley of the Temples. The theatre, located at the southern edge of the Hellenistic-Roman agora, is part of a larger monumental project designed to enhance the city’s scenic layout. Excavations revealed curvilinear walls, complex substructures, and calcarenite seating blocks, allowing for a reconstruction of the theatre’s layout and original appearance. This discovery significantly enriches our understanding of Akragas’ urban topography and highlights its monumental character during the Hellenistic period, revealing a rich historical and architectural palimpsest