Obafemi Awolowo University Institutional Repository
Not a member yet
143 research outputs found
Sort by
Marine Greens: Environmental, Agricultural, Industrial and Biomedical Applications
No full textThis book provides an in-depth overview of marine greens and their environmental and biotechnological applications. It addresses concepts such as the niche adaptation strategies of
marine greens in their natural habitats, as well as their global distribution, and factors affecting their distribution and proliferation. Marine greens are posited as an alternative to fossil fuels, mitigating global climate change and thereby fostering future environmental sustainability. In addition, the book explains the remediation of xenobiotics, wastewater, microplastics, marine debris, and marine green contamination. Expert authors from around the world explore the industrial and agricultural applications of marine greens in the production of enzymes and marine bioenergy, and what is needed to improve its production potential. This is important reading for government and non-governmental organizations as well as industries and research institutions looking for ways to combat current industrial and environmental challenges
Biosorption of Dyes in Wastewater Using Chitosan/cPolyethylene Nanoparticle as Adsorbent
No full textChitosan/low-density polyethylene (CHNP/LDPE) nanoparticles, sized at approximately 200 nm, were developed as efective adsorbents for removing dyes from wastewater. This study involved a systematic experimental investigation to evaluate the effects of several parameters: adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, pH, and initial dye concentration, all conducted in batch experiments at ambient temperature. The optimal adsorption conditions were identifed;
specifcally, a pH of 5 was most efective for Methylene Blue (MB) dye, while a pH of 6 yielded the best results for Bromocresol Green (BG) dye. The highest removal efciency was observed with an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L and an adsorbent dosage of 0.05 mg/L. Equilibrium studies indicated that the adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model for single systems. Notably, MB exhibited a higher adsorption capacity of 147 mg/g compared to BG’s capacity of 142.8 mg/g. These fndings underscore the potential of CHNP/LDPE biocomposites as a novel biosorbent for dye removal in wastewater treatment applications, suggesting an efcient and environmentally friendly approach to managing dye pollutants
An Analysis of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act 2015
No full textThe rising crime rate in Nigeria in recent times in the form of murder, robbery, fraud, terrorism, banditry, militancy, herders/farmers clashes, kidnappings and so on is alarming thereby necessitating the reactions of the law enforcement agents, like the police and other security agencies. Who in the course of doing their job of trying to enforce the provisions of criminal laws in the country with a view to curbing such crimes sometimes overstep their boundaries by infringing on the fundamental human rights of the suspects and defendants thereby necessitating the enactment of the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA), 2015 which has outlined the various rights of suspects and or defendants before, during trials, and after convictions. This Article, therefore, examined the rights of suspects and defendants under the Administration of Criminal Justice Act (ACJA) 2015 and how it sought to protect the rights of the defendants and the loopholes/shortcomings in the provisions of the enactment. As well as the areas where it conflicts with the provisions of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria of 1999 (As Amended). That while the enactment made provisions for the protection of the fundamental human rights of suspects/defendants, some sections of the ASJA, like sections 293 - 296 conflict with $.36 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 (As Amended). The Article therefore among others recommended for the proper training and retraining of the law enforcement agents on the fundamental human rights of suspects/defendants. It is also recommended that the sections of the enactment that are inconsistent with the provisions of the constitution be repealed
SMOOTHING SPLINE TECHNIQUE FOR TIME SERIES DATA WITH AUTOCORRELATION
No full textPhD StatisticsSpline smoothing is a technique used to filter out noise in time series observations when predicting nonparametric regression models. Its performance depends on the choice of smoothing parameter lambda. Most of the existing smoothing methods applied to time series data tend to overfit in the presence of autocorrelated errors. The aim of this study is to propose a smoothing method which is the arithmetic weighted value of Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) and Unbiased Risk (UBR) methods The objectives of the study were to (i) determine the best-fit smoothing method for the time series observation; (ii) identify the best smoothing method that does not overfit timeseries data when autocorrelation is present in the error term;
(iii)establish the optimum value of the proposed smoothing method; (iv) compare GCV, GML and UBR smoothing methods to the proposed smoothing methods in terms of sample size; and (v)test the results of simulation using real life-data. A hybrid smoothing method of the Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) and Unbiased Risk (UBR) was developed by adding the weighted values of Generalized CrossValidation (GCV) and Unbiased Risk (UBR). The Proposed Smoothing Method (PSM) was compared with Generalized Maximum Likelihood (GML), GCV and UBR smoothing methods. A Monte Carlo experiment of 1,000 trials was carried out at three different sample sizes (20, 60 and 100), three levels of the autocorrelation (02, 05 and 08), and four degrees of smoothing (1, 2, 3 and 4) Real-life data on Standard international Trade Classification (SITC) export and import price indices in Nigeria between 1970 2018 extracted from CBN 2019 edition were also used. The four smoothing methods' performances were estimated and compared using the Predictive Mean Squared Error (PMSE) criterion. The findings of the study revealed that:(i)for a time series observation with autocorrelated errors, Ǥ ሺ ൌͲͲሻ ൌ ͳ ሺ ሻൈሺ ሻ ൌͲͻͳǡ provides the besfit smoothing method for the model: (ii)he PM does not over-fit data at all the autocorrelation levels considered (ͲǤʹ Ǥͷ ǤͺሻǢ (iii) t optium value of the PSM was at the weighted value of 0.04, with the eqtion is given as ሺ ሻ ൌ ሺͲͲͶሻ ! ሾ$ ሺ &' ሻሿ( ሺͲͻሻ *+") (% &' (,) * ሼ% &' ሻሽ- (; (i wh thee is autocorrelation in the error term, PSM performed better than the GCVGML and UBR smoothing methods were considered at all-time series sizes (T =20, 60 d 100); (v) for the real-life data employed in the study, PSM proved to be the most efficit among the GCV, GML, PSM and UBR smoothing methods compare. The study concluded that the PSM method provides the best-fit as a smoothing method, works well atutocorrelation levels (=0.2, 0.5 and 0.8), and does not overfit time-series observations. The study recommended that the proposed smoothing is appropriate for time series observations with autorrelation in the error term and econometrics real-life data. This study can be applied to; non parametric regression, non – parametric forecasting, spatial, survival and econometricsNon
Antimicrobial Evaluation of Microencapsulated Ciprofloxacin+Irvinga Gabonensis Gum against Klebsiella species from Patients in a Teaching Hospital in Benin
No full textKlebsiella species causes nosocomial infections and other diseases. The use of Ciprofloxacin formulations has been adopted for skin and systemic infections, hence Irvingia gabonensis a specie of African trees in the genus Irvingia, was used for the microencapsulation of ciprofloxacin and used against sequenced disease causing Klebsiella species. Adopting the non-solvent addition of microencapsulation, drug-excipient compatibility test, batches of encapsulated ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis, gelatin gum with the pure active ciprofloxacin were prepared from formula X. The FT-IR absorbance at different wavelength was recorded. The resultant microncapsulated drugs were screened for antimicrobial activity using the single disc agar diffusion against K. quasipneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and K. pneumoniae isolates. There were no difference in wavelength of FT-IR spectra of Irvinga gabonensis, pure active ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin blend+Irvinga gabonensis gum. The pure active ciprofloxacin was very effective at the concentration of 8.3µg/mL(IC50:1.02µg/ml) and 4.15(IC50:0.08µg/ml) against all the Klebsiella species. The ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis at 7.12 µg/mL (IC50:0.90µg/mL) had significant zone of inhibition when compared to the pure active ciprofloxacin drug alone (IC50:0.80µg/mL) at a concentration of 4.12µg/ml active ciprofloxacin. Based on the 95% mean inhibition concentration, ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis gum (IC50:0.90µg/mL) is a better excipient than ciprofloxacin + Gelatin gum (IC50:1.38µg/mL). Ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonensis gum exerts effective antimicrobial activities and compactibility in terms of effective drug release.Self Sponsore
In Maddela, N.R., Reddy, K.V., Ranjit, P. (eds), Micro and Nanoplastics in Soil.
No full textMicro- and nanoplastics are fragments of small plastics that are of sizes 1–5000 microns and <1 μm and consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms chained together by polymer. Micro- and nanoplastics are environmental pollutants, and their degradation depends on the properties of plastics, soil type, environmental condition, and microbial community. Their presence in the agricultural system is an emerging concern, which is basically attributed to the ability of the plastics to penetrate the soil and contaminate the soil plants, and microflora and fauna which thereby affect the food chain and security. Micro- and nanoplastics pollution in agrosystems originates from human activities (agricultural practices and anthropogenic sources) and natural sources (atmospheric inputs and flooding). Micro- and nanoplastics contamination of soil plants alters the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil ecosystem due to increased adsorption capacity when in combination with another organic contaminant. In agricultural ecosystems, micro- and nanoplastics affect soil microbial activity, microbial biomass, functional diversity, and the cycling process of plant nutrient elements in the soil, which have an indirect effect on plant seed germination and growth. When ingested or in association with the soil biota, micro- and nanoplastics can influence the agro-functionality through effects on soil root-associated microbiome and root symbionts, soil structure, nutrient immobilization, contaminant adsorption, and diffusion which can directly impact the fertility of the agricultural soil, plant qualities, and its yield. Microplastics excessive accumulation can directly result in toxic risk effects, including the interruption of the nutrient transport system by the obstruction of the pores in the cell wall, alter the community diversity, activity of the soil biota, and inhibition of nitrification. Microplastics and nanoplastics contribute to a major distribution of toxic and harmful compounds to soil plants, soil fauna, and photosynthetic organisms
Exploring the Potential of Fungi in the Bioremediation of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds. Front. Microbiol. Sec. Microbiotechnology
No full textThe ability of fungal species to produce a wide range of enzymes and metabolites, which act synergistically, makes them valuable tools in bioremediation, especially in the removal of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) from contaminated environments. PhACs are compounds that have been specifically designed to treat or alter animal physiological conditions and they include antibiotics, analgesics, hormones, and steroids. Their detrimental effects on all life forms have become a source of public outcry due their persistent nature and their uncontrolled discharge into various wastewater effluents, hospital effluents, and surface waters. Studies have however shown that fungi have the necessary metabolic machinery to degrade PhACs in complex environments, such as soil and water, in addition they can be utilized in bioreactor systems to remove PhACs. In this regard, this review highlights fungal species with immense potential in the biodegradation of PhACs, their enzymatic arsenal as well as the probable mechanism of biodegradation. The challenges encumbering the real-time application of this promising bioremediative approach are also highlighted, as well as the areas of improvement and future perspective. In all, this paper points researchers to the fact that fungal bioremediation is a promising strategy for addressing the growing issue of pharmaceutical contamination in the environment and can help to mitigate the negative impacts on ecosystems and human health
In Naga Raju Maddela, Lizziane Kretli Winkelstroter Eller, Ram Prasad. (eds), Microbiology for Cleaner Production and Environmental Sustainability
No full textIn Naga Raju Maddela, Lizziane Kretli Winkelstroter Eller, Ram Prasad. (eds), Microbiology for Cleaner Production and Environmental Sustainability.
No full textThe existence of environment is as aged as nature; it is a collective term used to describe the space in which organisms flourish and turn into living avenue of existence to all living and non-living things. Several changes due to planetary system alteration consequently evoke hazards to life. This had prompted a fundamental approach to mediate and sustain the environment. Sustainable development is a logical process of employing natural resources with respect to environmental equity concept, together with resolutions of social equity to achieve revitalization of the environment. This chapter considers environmental pollution to be the consequence of poor management of waste disposal both in industries and homes. Also, elaborated ethical concern vis-à-vis remediation technology as a tool to revive environment and an intervention to global warming. An insight to green remediation technology in environmental sustainability was reviewed. Decarbonization through renewable energies, to restore earth to her natural state, renewable form of energy should be the first approach to be considered. Capturing and storage of carbon is another efficient remediation technique for decarbonization in industrial zones; afforestation and reforestation technology was suggested to bring nature normalcy. Mitigation of global warming through forestation offers many advantages such as biodiversity, control of food, and enhancement of soil, water, and air quality
Bioactive Compounds of Insects for Food Use: Potentialities and Risks
No full textInsects are an alternative source of human and animal food that not only have nutritional characteristics and important bioactive compounds, but also can help reduce the impact of chronic non-communicable diseases; thus, derivatives from insects are a great contribution to the food and pharmaceutical industry. The aim of the present work was to highlight the chemical composition, main bioactive compounds, and anti-nutritional factors present in some insects and their applications as raw materials in the food and pharmaceutical industry through the analysis of different studies. Results indicated that entomophagy was included in the diet of many regions in the world and that it is going to become a significant component in the food industry. It was also found that bioactive compounds with potential functional properties within the chemical composition of insects such as an appropriate digestibility between 54 % and 86 %, peptides between 35 % and 77 % and other nutrients such as proteins and carbohydrates that can be a great contribution to nutrition and reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Global agencies are of the opinion that edible insects are the viable option to over the food scarcity. However, use of food matrices from insects raises safety issues, such as anti-nutritional factors allergenicity and capacity to harbor toxins such as oxalates, tannins, alkaloids, phytates and saponins or pathogens and heavy metal. Insights presented in this work are useful to insect business (such as farmers, producers of edible insect products and consultants), researchers, and policy makers. Such insights can be an initiative for insect food companies in many ways, such as to forge collaborations with different bodies (researchers, peoples, government), improve perception of insect consumption, promote market acceptance, identify new and native edible insect species, make ecologically sustainable insect food companies, produce nutritious and delicious insect-based foods, etc