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From Anomaly to Novelty: Active Detection and Adaptive Response in Smart Grids
No full textUMBC CSEE Research Day 2025This poster presents a modular pipeline for detecting and characterizing novel electricity usage behaviors in smart grids. Going beyond traditional anomaly detection, the work introduces predictive divergence and severity-aware triage to handle emerging, unlabeled threats. The system was evaluated using the SGCC dataset and includes both passive and active novelty detection modelsThis project was led and developed by Dr KMA Solaiman who designed the pipeline and created the poster Leann Alhashishi contributed substantially to anomaly modeling and experiments under Dr Solaiman’s direction We thank Pooja Guttal for early work on anomaly detection unpublishe
Further Psychometric Evaluation of the Eight-Item Hospice Philosophy Scale: Results From a National Sample of Interdisciplinary Hospice Clinicians
No full textThis study examined the psychometric properties of the eight-item Hospice Philosophy Scale (HPS-8) through confirmatory factor analysis; differential item functioning by age, gender, race, and professional discipline; and internal consistency reliability. We administered the HPS-8 to a national convenience sample of 471 interdisciplinary hospice clinicians. Confirmatory factor analysis results supported a one-factor model with an error correlation between two similarly worded items, X²(19) = 48.38, p < .001 (RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .03, CFI = .98, TLI = .97). “Multiple indicators, multiple causes” model results indicated differential item functioning by age, race, and/or professional discipline on five items. However, subsequent uncorrected and differential item functioning-corrected models detected no statistically significant HPS-8 mean differences by grouping variables. Composite reliability results (CR = .82) demonstrated acceptable internal consistency reliability. Our results support the HPS-8 as a valid and reliable measure of attitudes toward the hospice philosophy of care in hospice clinicians.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This received funding from the Hospice Foundation of America and the University of Maryland School of Social Work PhD Program. Research reported in this publication was supported by The National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health under award number T32CA190194. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0733464824126518
STARTING FROM THE BOTTOM: THE EFFECTS OF PARTICIPATION IN DEVELOPMENTAL MATHEMATICS ON COLLEGE OUTCOMES IN STEM FIELDS.
No full textThere is a growing concern about meeting the ever-increasing demand of the U.S. Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) workforce. The combination of fewer students entering STEM majors and more students leaving STEM majors only adds to the imbalance of supply and demand for the STEM workforce. To have more students earn STEM degrees, one can increase the likelihood of degree completion or engage other students who are not currently in the pipeline. Students who require Developmental Mathematics may fit into both categories. Developmental math courses (also referred to as remedial) are designed to bolster the math preparation of incoming students deemed not ready for college-level math courses. This quantitative study explores whether participation in developmental math courses is a viable pathway into and through STEM majors to STEM degrees using Tinto’s Student Integration Model. Analyzing data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002, the study investigated the effect of DM on STEM persistence with OLS regression models, fixed effects models, and propensity score matching. Findings revealed a complex relationship between DM and STEM success. DM students, particularly those intending to major in STEM, were more likely to be female, underrepresented minorities, from low socioeconomic backgrounds, and first-generation students, confirming existing literature. However, DM participation showed either negative or non-significant effects on STEM persistence, contrasting with some smaller-scale studies. This study's national scope strengthens the evidence suggesting potential negative impacts of DM on STEM persistence. Regarding degree completion, passing DM was positively associated with associate's degrees (both STEM and non-STEM), but had no significant effect on STEM bachelor's degrees. Furthermore, taking DM was negatively associated with completing any bachelor's degree, aligning with national studies showing a negative correlation between remediation and bachelor's attainment.
Relating these findings to Tinto’s model, DM appeared to have a limited effectiveness as a retention mechanism at four-year institutions. The study suggests that the student integration model may not fully account for differential first-year experiences for DM students, particularly at four-year institutions, where DM stigma and variations in faculty interaction may impede integration. The study also acknowledges the evolution of student demographics and support systems since the student integration model’s development, highlighting the need for cautious application in the current educational landscape
Barriers to Success: How U.S. Newspapers Frame the Challenges of Immigrant Students in Public Education
No full textOne in four students in the United States is part of an immigrant family. The purpose of this study is to enhance our understanding of the barriers that immigrant students experience in US public schools by critically analyzing how newspapers portray barriers to success, as the goals and processes used in media differ from those of peer-reviewed research. The authors used a document analysis, a qualitative research methodology, and reviewed 67 newspaper articles on immigrant children struggling in US schools. The results show that immigrant students struggle with language barriers, discrimination, mental health, financial stress associated with higher education in the US, lack of preparedness and resources to provide education, lack of familiarity with policy, lack of cultural knowledge about the US, lack of parent involvement, and work and familial obligations. Results also indicate that newspapers published more articles about immigrant struggles during certain time periods, such as Spring 2015 through Winter 2016 and again Summer 2020 through Spring 2021. The paper provides implications for (1) research, suggesting a need for more qualitative primary data collection, (2) practice, including enhanced training, improved mental health referrals and collaborations, and (3) policy, which could include welcoming policies at the school level and advocacy efforts for immigrant student rights under the incoming presidential administration.This research was funded by the University of Maryland Baltimore County, Hrabowski Innovation Grant 2021–2023 award cycle.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/14/6/35
Improving information sharing in Medicaid home and community-based services with learning health systems: Implications for older adults and individuals living with disabilities and dementia
No full textIntroduction
Medicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) support community living for older adults and individuals living with disabilities. Information sharing and effective communication among home care team members are critical to HCBS care coordination but are often fragmented, resulting in potentially avoidable consequences, particularly for persons living with complex health conditions, like dementia. Medicaid HCBS programs collect a range of data that could be leveraged in a learning health system (LHS) model to strengthen coordination between home care team members to improve outcomes and equity in HCBS care delivery.
Methods
We leverage Friedman's Socio-technical Infrastructure for LHS to consider information sharing capabilities and needs within Medicaid HCBS in Maryland.
Results
Given longitudinal care complexities, significant costs, and data collection protocols, Medicaid HCBS is promising for LHS efforts. Recommendations for implementing an LHS in Medicaid HCBS highlight a socio-technical infrastructure (i.e., people, technology, policies, processes), information cycles (e.g., existing research relationships and opportunities for expansion), and governance (e.g., ensuring ethical LHS implementation). Additional considerations for persons living with dementia should be made, such as the integration of dementia-related policies into care delivery.
Conclusions
Integrating LHS strategies into Medicaid HCBS holds promise for strengthening efficiency and equity in information sharing across state agencies, care teams (e.g., direct care workers, nurses), and families.Funds to support this work were provided by the National Institute on Aging (K01AG080079) to C. D. F.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/lrh2.7002
CoSEE-Cat: A Comprehensive Solar Energetic Electron event Catalogue obtained from combined in situ and remote-sensing observations from Solar Orbiter
No full textContext. The acceleration of particles at the Sun and their propagation through interplanetary space are key topics in heliophysics. Specifically, solar energetic electrons (SEEs) measured in situ can be linked to solar events such as flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) since they are also observed remotely in a broad range of electromagnetic emissions such as in radio and X-rays. Solar Orbiter, equipped with a wide range of remote-sensing and in situ detectors, provides an excellent opportunity to investigate SEEs and their solar origin from the inner heliosphere.
Aims. We aim to record all SEE events measured in situ by Solar Orbiter, and to identify and characterise their potential solar counterparts. The results have been compiled in the Comprehensive Solar Energetic Electron event Catalogue (CoSEE-Cat), which will be updated regularly as the mission progresses. The catalogue contains key parameters of the SEEs, as well as the associated flares, CMEs, and radio bursts. In this paper, we describe the catalogue and provide a first statistical analysis.
Methods. The Energetic Particle Detector (EPD) was used to identify and characterise SEE events, infer the electron release time at the Sun, and determine the composition of related energetic ions. Basic parameters of associated X-ray flares (timing, intensity, source location) were provided by the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX). This was complemented by the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager (EUI), which added information on eruptive phenomena. CME observations were contributed by the coronagraph Metis and the Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager (SoloHI). Type III radio bursts observed by the Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrument provided a link between the SEEs detected at Solar Orbiter and their potential solar sources. The conditions in interplanetary space were characterised using Solar Wind Analyzer (SWA) and Solar Orbiter Magnetometer (MAG) measurements. Finally, data-driven modelling with the Magnetic Connectivity Tool provided an independent estimate of the solar source position of the SEEs.
Results. The first data release of the catalogue contains 303 SEE events observed in the period from November 2020 until the end of December 2022. Based on the timing and magnetic connectivity of their solar counterparts, we find a very clear distinction between events with an impulsive ion composition and ones with a gradual one. These results support the flare-related origin of impulsive events and the association of gradual events with extended structures such as CME-driven shocks or erupting flux ropes. We also show that the commonly observed delays of the solar release times of the SEEs relative to the associated X-ray flares and type III radio burst are at least partially due to propagation effects and not exclusively due to an actual delayed injection. This effect is cumulative with heliocentric distance and is probably related to turbulence and cross-field transport.Solar Orbiter is a mission of international cooperation between ESA and NASA, operated by ESA. The STIX instrument is an international collaboration between Switzerland, Poland, France, Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Ireland, and Italy. The EPD/Suprathermal Ion Spectrograph (SIS) is a European facility instrument funded by ESA under contract number SOL.ASTR.CON.00004. Solar Orbiter post-launch work at JHU/APL is supported by NASA contract NNN06AA01C and at CAU by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy and the German Space Agency (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, e.V., (DLR)), grant number 50OT2002. The UAH team acknowledges the financial support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades under Project PID2019- 104863RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and Project PID2023-150952OBI00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by FEDER, UE. The RPW instrument was built under the responsibility of the French space agency CNES and is an international collaboration between France, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Sweden, and USA. The EUI instrument was built by CSL, IAS, MPS, MSSL/UCL, PMOD/WRC, ROB, LCF/IO with funding from the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELPSO); the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES); the UK Space Agency (UKSA); the Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) through the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR); and the Swiss Space Office (SSO). Metis was built and operated with funding from the Italian Space Agency (ASI), under contracts to the National Institute of Astrophysics (INAF) and industrial partners. Metis was built with hardware contributions from Germany (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie through DLR), from the Czech Republic (PRODEX) and from ESA. The Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager (SoloHI) instrument was designed, built, and is now operated by the US Naval Research Laboratory with the support of the NASA Heliophysics Division, Solar Orbiter Collaboration Office under DPR NNG09EK11I. Solar Wind Analyser (SWA) data are derived from scientific sensors which have been designed and created, and are operated under funding provided in numerous contracts from the UK Space Agency (UKSA), the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), the Czech contribution to the ESA PRODEX programme and NASA. Solar Orbiter SWA work at UCL/MSSL is currently funded under UKSA/STFC grants ST/X002152/1 and ST/W001004/1. Solar Orbiter magnetometer operations are funded by the UK Space Agency (grant ST/X002098/1). Solar Orbiter EUI work at UCL/MSSL is currently funded under UKSA grant ST/X002012/1. The AIP team was supported by the German Space Agency (DLR), grant numbers 50 OT 1904 and 50 OT 2304. A.W. and J.M. also acknowledge funding by the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101134999 (SOLER). N.D. is grateful for support by the Academy of Finland (SHOCKSEE, grant No. 346902). D.P. acknowledges the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42188101 and 42130204). M.K. is acknowledging funding from CNES for the Solar Orbiter/RPW project. N.V and D.P-L acknowledge support from CNES for the Solar Orbiter/STIX project. The ROB team thank the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) for the provision of financial support in the framework of the PRODEX Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) under contract numbers 4000112292, 4000134088, 4000106864, 4000134474, and 4000136424. L.R.- G. and S. M. acknowledge support through the European Space Agency (ESA) research fellowship programme. Research was sponsored by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center through a contract with ORAU. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorised to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation herein. F.C. acknowledges the financial support by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, administered by ORAU through a contract with NASA, and the support of the Solar Orbiter mission. H.R. acknowledges the support from the STFC grant ST/W001004/1. F.E. acknowledges support by the German Science Foundation (DFG) SFB grant 1491 and by the International Space Science Institute (ISSI) in Bern, through ISSI International Team project 24-608 (Energetic Particle Transport in Space Plasma Turbulence). This work was supported by the long-term programme of support of the Ukrainian research teams at the Polish Academy of Sciences carried out in collaboration with the U.S. National Academy of Sciences with the financial support of external partners. We thank K.-L. Klein for the insightful comments and suggestions provided.https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2025/09/aa54830-25/aa54830-25.htm
XRISM/Xtend Transient Search (XTS) detected an X-ray flare at the galactic center
No full textAuthors: T. Yoneyama (Chuo U.), K. Fukushima, K. Hayashi, Y. Kanemaru, S. Ogawa, T. Yoshida (JAXA), M. Audard (U. de Geneve), E. Behar (Technion), S. Inoue (Kyoto U.), Y. Ishihara (Chuo U.), T. Kohmura (TUS), Y. Maeda (JAXA), M. Mizumoto (UTEF), N. Nagashima (Chuo U.), M. Nobukawa (NUE), K. Pottschmidt (UMBC, NASA GSFC, CRESST), M. Shidatsu (Ehime U.), H. Sugai (Chuo U.), Y. Terada (Saitama U.), Y. Terashima (Ehime U.), Y. Tsuboi (Chuo U.), H. Uchida (Kyoto U.), T. Yanagi (Chuo U.),, M. Yoshimoto (Osaka U.)XRISM/Xtend Transient Search (XTS) detected an X-ray flare from an X-ray source XRISM J1747-2832 located at the Galactic central region on 2025-03-19 TT. The source position is determined to be (R.A., Dec.) = (266.761, -28.538), with a systematic error of ∼ 40 arcsec. There are many objects around XRISM J1747-2832, including three YSO candidates and a molecular cloud, NAME Sgr B1, which is located ∼ 9 asec apart from the position of XRISM J1747-2832. We then suggest that a YSO is the origin of the X-ray flare.
The flare started on 2025-03-19T08:09 TT, peaked at 09:08 TT and then exponentially decayed in ∼ 3 ksec, which is derived by fitting the 0.4 – 2.0 keV light curve with a constant + burst model in the QDP software package.
In order to estimate the source flux, we fit the spectrum in the flare phase with an absorbed APEC model. Due to the low statistics, we only obtain a lower limit of the temperature of kT > 1.4 keV and an upper limit of the hydrogen column density NH < 1 × 10²² cm⁻². The flux is estimated as 2 × 10⁻¹² erg s⁻¹ cm⁻² (0.4 – 10.0 keV). A systematic error of roughly 20% should be added to the statistical error. Although the distance to XRISM J1747-2832 is unknown, corresponding luminosity is estimated as 2 D²₁ ₖₚ꜀ × 10³² erg s⁻¹ if we assume the distance of 1 kpc.
We derived the above systematic error for the flux by comparing our derived values for the sources detected with XTS in several observations with those for the corresponding X-ray counterparts. We estimated the systematic error for the source position from the separations between the detected sources with the corresponding counterparts in the same field of view.
: subscripthttps://www.astronomerstelegram.org/?read=1709
Calculation of the dayside reconnection rate from cusp ion-energy dispersion
No full textMagnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in the solar wind-magnetosphere system, driving energy transfer into the magnetosphere and space weather effects. In this study, we use the formula derived in Lockwood et al. (Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 1992, 97, 14841–14847) to calculate the dayside magnetopause reconnection rate using ion-energy dispersion data from the most modern iteration of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) and modeling of the dayside southward reconnection system. We study the March 23–24, 2023, geomagnetic storm, where continuous reconnection produced seven consecutive passes of ion-energy dispersion with the DMSP F18 satellite. Our results indicated that in each case, when it is assumed that the dispersion is a temporal (rather than a spatial) structure, the reconnection rates are generally between 0.1 and 2 mV/m, commensurate with other studies. Major uncertainties arise from determining the ion cutoff energy, spacecraft trajectory angle, and injection distance. We compare our methods with an alternative |E|=|v×B| baseline method, confirming that the estimates are on the correct order of magnitude. This work lays the groundwork for adaptation to TRACERS mission data. The results highlight the potential for the long-term statistical study of reconnection rates using DMSP, combined with radar measurements and upcoming discoveries around temporal versus spatial cusp structures made with TRACERS.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This work was supported by NASA.https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/astronomy-and-space-sciences/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1607611/ful
Trump’s MD Lawsuit, Ghost Gun Jury Award, Rain Gauge Network
No full textA Trump-appointed federal judge dismisses the Administration’s lawsuit against the entire bench of the federal District Court of Maryland. Baltimore wins a $62 million jury award against ghost gun dealer. The Maryland Public Service Commission looks likely to propose a longer period of review for a controversial high voltage power transmission line between Baltimore and Frederick. In Northern Virginia, a project connecting 68 rain gauges seeks to improve rescue operations and stormwater planning. And more. Music by Dear Daria.https://open.spotify.com/episode/18geH7xZVoLoHUERDFbxM
On-chip multi-timescale spatiotemporal optical synchronization
No full textMode-locking mechanisms are key resources in nonlinear optical phenomena, such as micro-ring solitonic states, and have transformed metrology, precision spectroscopy, and optical communication. However, despite significant efforts, mode-locking has not been demonstrated in the independently tunable multi-timescale regime. Here, we vastly expand the nonlinear mode-locking toolbox into multi-timescale synchronization on a chip. We use topological photonics to engineer a 2D lattice of hundreds of coupled silicon nitride ring resonators capable of hosting nested mode-locked states with a fast (≈1 THz) single-ring and a slow (≈3 GHz) topological super-ring timescales. We demonstrate signatures of multi-timescale mode-locking including quadratic distribution of the pump noise with the two-time azimuthal mode dimensions, as expected by mode-locking theory. Our observations are further corroborated by direct signatures of the near-transform-limit repetition beats and the formation of the temporal pattern on the slow timescale. Moreover, we show that these exotic properties of edge-confined mode-locked states are in sharp contrast to bulk and single-ring counterparts and establish a clear pathway for their identification. Our unprecedented demonstration of mode-locking in topological combs unlocks the implementation of lattice-scale synchronization and independently tunable multi-timescale mode-locking phenomena, also the exploration of the fundamental nonlinearity-topology interplay on a chip.this research is funded by AFOSR FA9550-22- 1- 0339, nSFdMR2019444, and OnR n00014- 20- 1- 2325https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adw769