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Organizational Lobotomy
No full textAn AI program exploits human vulnerability to destroy a firm from the top down.https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/374365
A Deep learning method for event recognition in CALET data
No full textICRC 2025 The Astroparticle Physics Conference. Geneva, Switzerland, 14-24, July 2024. Authors - CALET Collaboration: O. Adriani,1,2 Y. Akaike,3,4 K. Asano,5 Y. Asaoka,5 E. Berti,2,6 P. Betti, 2,6 G. Bigongiari,7,8 W.R. Binns,9 M. Bongi,1,2 P. Brogi,7,8 A. Bruno,10 N. Cannady,11 G. Castellini,6 C. Checchia,7,8 M.L. Cherry,12 G.Collazuol,13,14 G.A. de Nolfo,10 K. Ebisawa,15 A. W. Ficklin,12 H. Fuke,15 S. Gonzi,1,2,6 T.G. Guzik,12 T. Hams,16 K.Hibino,17 M. Ichimura,18 M.H.Israel,9 K. Kasahara,19 J. Kataoka,20 R. Kataoka,21 Y. Katayose,22 C. Kato,23 N. Kawanaka,24,25 Y. Kawakubo,26 K. Kobayashi,3,4 K. Kohri,25,27 H.S. Krawczynski, 9 J.F. Krizmanic,11 P. Maestro,7,8 P.S. Marrocchesi,7,8 M. Mattiazzi,13,14 A.M.Messineo,8,28 J.W. Mitchell,11 S. Miyake,29 A.A. Moiseev, 11,30,31 M. Mori,32 N. Mori,2 H.M. Motz,33 K. Munakata,23 S. Nakahira,15 J.Nishimura,15 M.Negro,12 S. Okuno,17 J.F. Ormes,34 S. Ozawa,35 L. Pacini,2,6 P. Papini,2 B.F. Rauch,9 S.B. Ricciarini,2,6 K. Sakai,36 T. Sakamoto,26 M. Sasaki, 11,30,31 Y. Shimizu,17 A. Shiomi,37 P. Spillantini,1 F. Stolzi,7,8 S. Sugita,26 A. Sulaj, 7,8 M.Takita,5 T.Tamura,17 T.Terasawa,5 S.Torii,3 Y.Tsunesada,38,39 Y.Uchihori,40 E. Vannuccini,2 J.P.Wefel,12 K.Yamaoka,41 S.Yanagita,42 A.Yoshida,26 K.Yoshida,19 and W. V. Zober 9In this study we:- Apply unsupervised machine learning methods to classify CREs from CALET data. the goal is to minimize dependence on MC simulations and pursue a data-driven classification.- We evaluate algorithm performance using simulations, then apply the optimized models directly to real data.https://indico.cern.ch/event/1258933/contributions/6486501
Evaluation of cloud height, optical thickness, and phase retrievals from the CHROMA algorithm applied to Sentinel-3 OLCI data
No full textWe previously developed the Cloud Height Retrieval from O2 Molecular Absorption (CHROMA) algorithm for the Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) on the new NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission. Here, we apply CHROMA to observations from the Ocean Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) to guide expectations for PACE, as it will take some time to obtain large-scale validation data for OCI. We use cloud top height (CTH), phase, and (for liquid clouds) cloud 5 optical thickness (COT) data from the ground-based Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) network to evaluate the OLCI retrievals. We found that OLCI and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) CTH compare similarly well to the ARM reference. OLCI has a tendency to underestimate CTH as CTH increases, and algorithm assumptions about cloud geometric thickness may contribute to this. ARM COT from multifilter shadowband radiometers (MFRSR) and Sun photometers are well-correlated with one another, albeit with a roughly 30 % offset on average; OLCI and MODIS COT agree 10 more closely with the MFRSR data. OLCI retrieval uncertainty estimates show skill at telling low-uncertainty cases from highuncertainty ones, although CTH uncertainties are underestimated. Additionally, we compare the OLCI data to satellite retrievals based on thermal infrared measurements from MODIS and and Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer (SLSTR) data. Differences are broadly consistent with physical expectations based on the A-band vs. thermal techniques, although one key challenge in such aggregated comparisons is different cloud masking sensitivities and algorithm failure rates meaning 15 additional sampling differences are introduced. We conclude by discussing the transition to and possible enhancements for PACE OCI.NASA-affiliated authors were funded by the NASA PACE project. LL was funded by the Alexander von Humboldt foundation via the Feodor-Lynen fellowship 2020. This work (SEG and DZ) was also supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and Atmospheric System Research (ASR) program. This paper has been authored by an employee of Brookhaven Science Associates, LLC, under contract no. DE-SC0012704 with the US DOE. René Preusker (Freie Universität Berlin) and Julien Chimot (EUMETSAT) are thanked for the OLCI smile distortion model, as well as numerous discussions on OLCI data. Christine Chiu’s (Colorado State University) insights into the Sun photometer and MFRSR COT data were greatly appreciated. NASA’s Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) are thanked for the MERRA2 meteorological data used as ancillary input for the CHROMA algorithm. We acknowledge the free use of the TROPOMI surface DLER database provided through the Sentinel-5p+ Innovation project of the European Space Agency (ESA). The TROPOMI surface DLER database was created by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI); Gijsbert Tilstra (KNMI) is thanked for assistance in better understanding this data base. Ground data were obtained from the ARM user facility, a U.S. DOE Office of Science user facility managed by the Biological and Environmental Research Program. Site staff, algorithm developers/VAP translators, and the ARM program are thanked for the creation and stewardship of these data records - in particular, in addition to those on the author list of this manuscript, Karen Johnson and Dié Wang (Brookhaven National Laboratory).https://egusphere.copernicus.org/preprints/2025/egusphere-2025-2005
The Voices of Mentees: Exploration of Holistic Critical Mentoring with the UMBC McNair Scholars
No full textMentoring is a critical tool in enhancing graduate school acceptance, retention, and degree attainment. It provides scholars with the skills and support needed to achieve their educational and career goals. Formal mentoring programs have become essential for addressing disparities in higher education, particularly for historically excluded groups (HEG), such as first-generation college students, individuals from low-income households, and underrepresented racial and ethnic communities. The federally funded University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) McNair Scholars Program aims to create equitable academic pathways by supporting these populations through mentorship, research opportunities, and preparation for doctoral education. Despite its success, many McNair Scholars remain “the only” from their backgrounds in graduate programs, highlighting the need for mentoring frameworks that challenge systemic inequities and focus on institutional transformation.UMBC McNair stands out with its unique holistic critical mentorship (HCM) approach, a network of power-dynamic-flipped, student-centered, reciprocal relationships. The HCM framework integrates principles from various other frameworks, such as Critical Race Theory (CRT), Community Cultural Wealth (CCW), and Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology. These frameworks emphasize the importance of addressing systemic barriers, valuing mentees’ lived experiences, and fostering reciprocal mentoring relationships. HCM’s eight guiding tenets include centering mentee voices, creating networks of support, and redefining professionalism to align with diverse cultural and lived experiences.
This study delves into how HCM is manifested in the UMBC McNair Mentoring model and its profound impact on scholars and their mentorships. Using a compilation of qualitative narrative methods, including Community?based participatory research, counterstorytelling, and critical counter-narrative via semi-structured interviews and focus groups, this study gathered insights from 35 participants across UMBC’s McNair Scholars, Friends of McNair network, student staff, and alumni. The research prioritized decolonized methodologies to honor participants’ voices and ensure collaborative and ethical data collection.
Participants acknowledged the transformative effects of HCM, noting its alignment with McNair’s policies. Findings reveal that mentees appreciate holistic mentorship encompassing emotional, cultural, and academic support, yet they encounter challenges related to institutional expectations and balancing program demands with personal obstacles. Friends of McNair participants desired increased formal mentorship and research opportunities. The findings underscore the importance of mentoring frameworks that address systemic inequities, emphasizing lived experiences over traditional professional standards. Expanding support networks is vital for ensuring equitable access to resources. Despite external pressures, it remains essential to maintain focus on race and systemic inequities.
HCM offers a flexible mentoring framework that benefits all involved. By centering mentee voices and challenging established norms, mentorship programs can drive systemic change and promote holistic development, encouraging reflective & reflexive practices among mentors and conspiratorial collaborative efforts within institutions to confront and ultimately dismantle oppressive structures
Model-free Dynamic Mode Adaptive Control using Matrix RLS
No full textThis paper presents a novel, model-free, data-driven control synthesis technique known as dynamic mode adaptive control (DMAC) for synthesizing controllers for complex systems whose mathematical models are not suitable for classical control design. DMAC consists of a dynamics approximation module and a controller module. The dynamics approximation module is motivated by data-driven reduced-order modeling techniques and directly approximates the system's dynamics in state-space form using a matrix version of the recursive least squares algorithm. The controller module includes an output tracking controller that utilizes sparse measurements from the system to generate the control signal. The DMAC controller design technique is demonstrated through various dynamic systems commonly found in engineering applications. A systematic sensitivity study demonstrates the robustness of DMAC with respect to its own hyperparameters and the system's parameters.http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.1184
Desert dust exerts a substantial longwave radiative forcing missing from climate models
No full textHistorical increases in desert dust have affected climate by perturbing Earth’s energy balance, including through interactions with longwave radiation that remain poorly quantified. Here, we use a data-driven analytical model to estimate the global dust longwave direct radiative effect (DRE). Our results align with observational estimates of longwave radiative effects, constraining the present-day global longwave DRE to +0.25 ± 0.06 Wm⁻² (90% confidence interval). Climate models underestimate the longwave DRE by approximately a factor of two because they underestimate super coarse dust and neglect dust scattering of longwave radiation. We also show that increased dust since preindustrial times generated a positive longwave direct radiative forcing peaking at +0.14 ± 0.07 Wm⁻² in the 1980s, modestly enhancing greenhouse warming. Because this warming is largely missing from current climate models, incorporating it could reduce biases in net aerosol forcing, refine climate sensitivity estimates, and improve projections of future climate change.This work was developed with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) grants 1856389 and 2151093 awarded to J.F.K. We also acknowledge high performance computing support from NCAR's Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, sponsored by the National Science Foundation. AI acknowledges MEXT-Program for the advanced studies of climate change projection (SENTAN) Grant Number JPMXD0722681344. L.L. and N.M.M. acknowledge assistance from the Earth surface Mineral dust source InvesTigation (EMIT), a NASA Earth Ventures-Instrument (EVI-4) Mission, as well as from the Department of Energy (DOE) under award DE-SC0021302. MK has received funding from the Helmholtz Association’s Initiative and Networking Fund (grant agreement no. VH-NG-1533). CPG-P and VO acknowledge support from the of the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through the HEAVY project (grant no. PID2022-140365OB-I00 funded by MCIN AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF/EU), the ERC under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the FRAGMENT project (grant agreement no. 773051), the Horizon Europe programme under Grant Agreement No 101137680 via project CERTAINTY, and the AXA Research Fund through the AXA Chair on Sand and Dust Storms at BSC. MK and CPG-P acknowledge PRACE for granting access to MareNostrum at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center to run MONARCH. RLM received support from the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program.https://eartharxiv.org/repository/view/9666
Sons of Chinatown: A Memoir Rooted in China and America by William Gee Wong (review)
No full textAt its heart, Sons of Chinatown is a tale of two Chinese Americans. One was born in China, arrived in the United States under a false name, and struggled against very evident limits the United States placed on the success of immigrants from Asia. A man of many names, his moniker is simplified in the book with the nickname "Pop." The other, his son, was born an American citizen in Oakland, CA. He enjoyed the advantages of being both American and the longed-for son finally arriving to a Chinese father with six daughters. His own challenges with anti-Asian bias in American society were more subtle, though no less real. William Gee Wong, aka Bill, writes the contrast between his father's life and his own with sensitivity, clarity, and introspection.https://muse.jhu.edu/article/96493
Measurements of Fusion Yield on the Centrifugal Mirror Fusion Experiment
No full textThe Centrifugal Mirror Fusion Experiment (CMFX) at the University of Maryland, College Park is a rotating mirror device that utilizes a central cathode to generate a radial electric field which induces a strongly sheared azimuthal E x B flow to improve plasma confinement and stability. The fusion yield of CMFX plasmas is assessed by diagnosis of neutron emission for the first time. The total neutron yield is measured with two xylene (EJ-301) and deuterated-xylene (EJ-301D) liquid scintillator detectors absolutely calibrated with an in silico method. A larger xylene scintillator was cross-calibrated and used to measure the time dynamics of the fusion rate under various experimental conditions. A permanently installed ³He gas tube detector was independently calibrated with a Cf-252 neutron source to make total yield measurements and provide an independent validation of the scintillator calibration. An interpretive modeling framework was developed using the 0D code MCTrans++ (Schwartz et al 2024 JPP) to infer undiagnosed plasma parameters such as density, temperature, and confinement time. A peak neutron emission rate of 8.4 X 10⁶ ± 7.0 X 10⁵ was measured (neglecting modeling uncertainties), with an inferred triple product of 1.9 X 10¹⁷ m⁻³ keV s from 0D modeling.CMFX is supported by ARPA-E Grant No. DE-AR0001270.http://arxiv.org/abs/2505.2304
Searching for an Image: Palestinian American Art During Times of Catastrophe
No full textThe body of my work is a layered collection of fictional and non-fictionalmemory, innovative repurposing of military ephemera, clues with no mystery, ideas
about resistance that fuse together to form a parallel universe, a constellation of
artistic resistant countermeasures to communal fracture, a mixture of old and new and
unforeseen futures. I create a space where irreconcilability comes to rest; mismatched
loose ends are integrated, where bi-nationality meets further challenges. The
multiplicities of angles and paradoxes in my works take on a maximalist approach,
opening the Palestinian Pandora’s Box--that clamped chest, which once represented
an inherent redaction of narratives, as if colonial minimalism, Israeli, and mainstream
false myth could forever conceal their crimes
Characterization of Conventionally and Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Hybrid Welded Joints
No full textMetal additive manufacturing (AM) is a revolutionary technology that enables the on-demand production of intricate components directly from digital models. In laser beam metal powder bed fusion (PBF/LB-M), AM parts are built bymelting metal powder in a layer-by-layer process, offering a fast, efficient manufacturing route. This method supports industries seeking economic and sustainable solutions by enabling a low buy-to-fly ratio. The strategic benefits
of AM have created a significant demand for research into the microstructure-property-performance relationships of various materials and applications.
The 17% Chromium - 4% Nickel precipitation hardening (17-4 PH) alloy is a martensitic stainless steel selected for study due to its superb strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. Current studies indicate that a two-step precipitation
hardening heat treatment of 17-4 PH material produced via AM can achieve tensile properties comparable to, or exceeding, those of fully strengthened conventionally manufactured 17-4 PH material. Although the material and mechanical properties of AM 17-4 PH steel have been extensively studied as standalone components, the impact of high temperature joining operations, such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), on this AM alloy have not been addressed in present literature. While post-welding heat treatments are typically favorable for the 17-4 PH alloy, anticipated applications for AM
components may limit or prevent heat treatment after installation.
In this work, AM 17-4 PH steel is subjected to thermal processes (solutionizing and aging to three different conditions) to evaluate its material and mechanical properties compared to those of conventionally manufactured 17-4 PH steel.
With an appropriate understanding of how heat treatments affect the AM alloy, the material is subsequently welded in both conventional-to-conventional and hybrid AM-to-conventional configurations. This research characterizes the
weldability of the fully hardened material and compares its material and mechanical behavior in these configurations.
Transverse tensile and fatigue testing, along with essential microstructural analysis, demonstrates that additive material can be successfully welded to conventional material of matching strength conditions in both autogenous and
homogeneous configurations. However, the faster diffusion rate of the additive base material appears to weaken the heat affected zone, resulting in reduced ductility and strength in hybrid AM-to-conventional welds compared to fully
conventionally manufactured welds. The primary contribution of this research is the connection established between the microstructural evolution of the AM 17-4 PH alloy and the properties of its transverse welds. This underscores the
importance of characterizing the microstructure-property-performance relationships in additively manufactured alloys for diverse applications