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Detected Abundances of Nuclei Relative to ₂₆Fe for Elements ₁₄Si through ₄₄Ru with CALET on the International Space Station
No full textThe Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), launched to the International Space Station (ISS) in 2015 August and continuously operating since, measures cosmic-ray (CR) electrons, nuclei, and gamma rays. CALET, with its 27 radiation length deep Total Absorption Calorimeter, measures particle energy and allows for the measurement of spectra, secondary to primary ratios of the more abundant CR nuclei through ₂₈Ni, while the main charge detector can measure ultra-heavy CR nuclei through ₄₄Ru. The results for the abundances of elements from Z = 14 to Z = 44 relative to ₂₆Fe over 7.5 yr of observation are presented here and compared to previous measurements from ACE-CRIS, SuperTIGER, and HEAO-3.CALET is currently approved to continue operating through 2030. We gratefully acknowledge JAXA’s contributions to the development of CALET and to the operations aboard the JEMEF on the International Space Station. We also wish to express our sincere gratitude to Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) and NASA for their support of the CALET project. In Japan, this work was supported in part by JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) Nos. 26220708, 19H05608, and 24H00025; JSPS Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) No. 24K00665; and by the MEXT-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities (2011–2015; No. S1101021) at Waseda University. The CALET effort in Italy is supported by ASI under agreement 2013-018-R.0 and its amendments. The CALET effort in the United States is supported by NASA through grants NNX16AC02G, NNX16AB99G, NNX11AE 06G, and 80NSSC20K0397. A.B. acknowledges support from NASA under award number 80GSFC24M0006.https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ade3c
EXCITATORY AND INHIBITORY INPUTS CONTRIBUTE TO LONG-LASTING PLASTICITY IN A REWARD LEARNING CIRCUIT.
No full textThe brain continuously integrates diverse streams of information to guide behavior, allowing organisms to adapt to an ever-changing world. This integration relies on dynamic changes in synaptic function, called synaptic plasticity, which underlie learning, decision-making, and emotional regulation. These changes have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the clear importance of synaptic plasticity in mediating behavior, the molecular mechanisms driving this fundamental property remain unclear, limiting our understanding of the neurobiological basis of behavior and neuropsychiatric disorders. To address this gap, I studied the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a central hub that integrates cognitive, emotional, and reward-related information to drive motivated behaviors. I focused on the hippocampus (Hipp)-NAc pathway as it exhibits behaviorally relevant plasticity and conveys multiple types of information essential for reward-related behaviors. My work explored two key questions: What molecular mechanisms drive plasticity at Hipp-NAc synapses? and, how are diverse signals integrated within the NAc?Bidirectional regulation of Hipp-NAc synaptic strength mediates motivated behaviors, but how this regulation differs between sexes is largely unexplored despite well-established sex differences in motivated behaviors across species. Here, I identified multiple sex-specific and sex-similar mechanisms driving LTP at Hipp-NAc synapses. Furthermore, I demonstrated that chronic stress alters these synapses differently in males and females, uncovering a novel functional role for GABA B receptors in the process. I, then, expanded my scope to examine interactions between excitatory and inhibitory signals that may regulate the integration of spatial, contextual, and emotional information. My findings demonstrated key synaptic interactions occurring between distinct excitatory inputs to the NAc and revealed that inhibition plays a crucial role in modulating and enabling LTP at Hipp-NAc synapses. Lastly, I used computational approaches to improve Izhikevich model simulations and examine how biological sex, inhibition, and stress impact neuron dynamics.
Overall, my work established key sex-specific mechanisms regulating Hipp-NAc plasticity, novel interactions between diverse signals in the NAc, and a computational framework to explore how various factors influence neuronal properties. These findings provide fundamental insight into how the brain transforms experience into behavior, advancing understanding of neural circuit function and informing targeted interventions for neuropsychiatric disorders
The VVV near-IR galaxy catalogue of the southern Galactic disc
No full textThe distribution of galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance (ZoA) is incomplete due to the presence of our own Galaxy. Our research focused on the identification and characterisation of galaxies in the ZoA, using the new near-infrared data from the VVVX survey in the regions that cover the southern Galactic disc. We used our previously-established procedure based on photometric and morphological criteria to identify galaxies. The large data volume collected by the VVVX required alternatives to visual inspection, including artificial intelligence techniques, such as classifiers based on neural networks. The VVV NIR galaxy catalogue is presented, covering the southern Galactic disc, significantly extending the vision down to K⁰ₛ = 16 mag throughout the ZoA. This catalogue provides positions, photometric and morphological parameters for a total of 167,559 galaxies with their probabilities determined by the CNN and XGBoost algorithms based on image and photometric data, respectively. The construction of the catalogue involves the employment of optimal probability criteria. 14% of these galaxies were confirmed by visual inspection or by matching with previous catalogues. The peculiarities exhibited by distinct regions across the Galactic disc, along with the characteristics of the galaxies, are thoroughly examined. The catalogue serves as a valuable resource for extragalactic studies within the ZoA, providing a crucial complement to the forthcoming radio catalogues and future surveys utilizing the Vera C.~Rubin Observatory and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. We present a deep galaxy map, covering a 1080 sq. deg. region, which reveals that the apparent galaxy density is predominantly influenced by foreground extinction from the Milky Way. However, the presence of intrinsic inhomogeneities, potentially associated with candidate galaxy groups or clusters and filaments, is also discernible.This work was conducted without specific financial support, a fact mentioned here simply for clarity. M.S. acknowledges support from ANID’s FONDECYT Regular grant #1251401. I.V.D.-P. acknowledges funding by NASA under the CRESST II program. D.M. gratefully acknowledges support provided by the ANID BASAL projects ACE210002 and FB210003 and by Fondecyt Project No. 1220724. J.A.-G. acknowledges support from ANID – Millennium Science Initiative Program – ICN12_009 awarded to the Millennium Institute of Astrophysics MAS. R.K.S. acknowledges the support of CNPq/Brazil through projects 308298/2022- 5 and 421034/2023-8. We would also like to express our gratitude to C. Ragone Figueroa for her generous assistance.http://arxiv.org/abs/2506.1923
CrossLink: A Decentralized Framework for Secure Cross-Chain Smart Contract Execution
No full texte 2025 IEEE ICBC Cross-Chain Workshop (ICBC-CCW 2025)This paper introduces CrossLink, a decentralized framework for secure cross-chain smart contract execution that effectively addresses the inherent limitations of contemporary solutions, which primarily focus on asset transfers and rely on potentially vulnerable centralized intermediaries. Recognizing the escalating demand for seamless interoperability among decentralized applications, CrossLink provides a trustless mechanism for smart contracts across disparate blockchain networks to communicate and interact. At its core, CrossLink utilizes a compact chain for selectively storing authorized contract states and employs a secure inter-chain messaging mechanism to ensure atomic execution and data consistency. By implementing a deposit/collateral fee system and efficient state synchronization, CrossLink enhances security and mitigates vulnerabilities, offering a novel approach to seamless, secure, and decentralized cross-chain interoperability. A formal security analysis further validates CrossLink's robustness against unauthorized modifications and denial-of-service attacks.http://arxiv.org/abs/2504.0931
Determining the uptake of best practices in pain interdisciplinary teams: a scoping review
No full textMany evidence-based practices, such as interdisciplinary teams (IDT) for chronic pain, are mandated in clinical settings. However, the number of pain IDT programs continues to decline, limiting access to evidence-based treatment. The aim of this review is to determine the degree to which pain IDT programs and the studies describing those programs have adopted best practices that improve replicability and sustainability.This work was supported with resources and the use of facilities at the Salem VA Health Care System. Author RC is supported by funding through a VISN 6 Career Development Award.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10389-025-02505-
Secure Multi-Tenant Architectures in Microsoft Fabric: A Zero-Trust Perspective
No full textMicrosoft Fabric is a new cloud-based Analytics Service, built in Azure, that is designed to be much simpler than its predecessors. Which made use of separate services to perform Analytics tasks, like the ingestion, the preparation, the warehousing, the real-time streaming, the data science, and the business use task. All these separate services worked in the Azure platform ecosystem but used different pipelines, and required different services to interconnect, creating a complex integration system, and at times setting a bottleneck. Managing work across the previous tools in Microsoft Azure was demanding and often fragmented. Microsoft Fabric set a new vision to make things much easier, making software as a service integral solution that will reduce the burden of building, operating, and sharing advanced analytics solutions.https://rspublication.com/ijst/2025/may25/13.htm
XRISM forecast for the Coma cluster: stormy, with a steep power spectrum
No full textThe XRISM Resolve microcalorimeter array measured the velocities of hot intracluster gas at two positions in the Coma galaxy cluster: 3'x3' squares at the center and at 6' (170 kpc) to the south. We find the line-of-sight velocity dispersions in those regions to be σz=208+-12 km/s and 202+-24 km/s, respectively. The central value corresponds to a 3D Mach number of M=0.24+-0.015 and the ratio of the kinetic pressure of small-scale motions to thermal pressure in the intracluster plasma of only 3.1+-0.4%, at the lower end of predictions from cosmological simulations for merging clusters like Coma, and similar to that observed in the cool core of the relaxed cluster A2029. Meanwhile, the gas in both regions exhibits high line-of-sight velocity differences from the mean velocity of the cluster galaxies, Δ vz=450+-15 km/s and 730+-30 km/s, respectively. A small contribution from an additional gas velocity component, consistent with the cluster optical mean, is detected along a sightline near the cluster center. The combination of the observed velocity dispersions and bulk velocities is not described by a Kolmogorov velocity power spectrum of steady-state turbulence; instead, the data imply a much steeper effective slope (i.e., relatively more power at larger linear scales). This may indicate either a very large dissipation scale resulting in the suppression of small-scale motions, or a transient dynamic state of the cluster, where large-scale gas flows generated by an ongoing merger have not yet cascaded down to small scales.
: subscriptWe thank the referee for useful comments. Part of this work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and by NASA under contracts 80GSFC21M0002 and 80GSFC24M0006 and grants 80NSSC20K0733, 80NSSC18K0978, 80NSSC20K0883, 80NSSC20K0737, 80NSSC24K0678, 80NSSC18K1684, 80NSSC23K0650, and 80NNSC22K1922. Support was provided by JSPS KAKENHI grant numbers JP23H00121, JP22H00158, JP22H01268, JP22K03624, JP23H04899, JP21K13963, JP24K00638, JP24K17105, JP21K13958, JP21H01095, JP23K20850, JP24H00253, JP21K03615, JP24K00677, JP20K14491, JP23H00151, JP19K21884, JP20H01947, JP20KK0071, JP23K20239, JP24K00672, JP24K17104, JP24K17093, JP20K04009, JP21H04493, JP20H01946, JP23K13154, JP19K14762, JP20H05857, and JP23K03459, the JSPS Core-to-Core Program, JPJSCCA20220002, and the Strategic Research Center of Saitama University. LC acknowledges support from NSF award 2205918. CD acknowledges support from STFC through grant ST/T000244/1. LG acknowledges support from Canadian Space Agency grant 18XARMSTMA. NO acknowledges partial support by the Organization for the Promotion of Gender Equality at Nara Women’s University. MS acknowledges support by the RIKEN Pioneering Project Evolution of Matter in the Universe (r-EMU) and Rikkyo University Special Fund for Research (Rikkyo SFR). AT acnowledges support from the Kagoshima University postdoctoral research program (KU-DREAM). SY acknowledges support by the RIKEN SPDR Program. IZ acknowledges partial support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation through the Sloan Research Fellowship. DN acknowledges funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) through an Emmy Noether Research Group (grant number NE 2441/1-1).https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/add2f
An innovative and sustainable approach to delivering school-based mental health and wellness services
No full textThis qualitative study investigates the development of the Integrative School Based Mental Health Services (“ISBMHS”) Model, an initiative for delivering school-based mental health services (SBMHS) in educational settings. This model is implemented through a collaborative partnership between the County Office of Education (COE) and the local Department of Health Services, which grants schools Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) status to access Medicaid and sustain SBMHS. Researchers conducted interviews with 23 key stakeholders (i.e., COE leaders, school-based clinicians, county health partners, and school administrators) to understand the model's development. Thematic analysis revealed four themes: 1) leveraging a multi-tiered approach for systemic change, 2) prioritizing equity to address disparities in mental health care access, 3) utilizing innovative financing to bridge education and health sectors, and 4) building relationships and trust to facilitate cross-system partnerships. The model seeks to provide schools with a holistic approach to transform mental health care in schools.This project was supported by funds granted to a County Office of Education by the Mental Health ServicesOversight & Accountability Commissionhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10852352.2025.253748
A Practical Approach Towards Inertia Estimation Using Ambient Synchrophasor Data
No full textReal-time tracking of inertia is important because it reflects the power system's ability to withstand contingencies and maintain frequency security. This paper proposes a practical approach to estimate inertia using ambient phasor measurement unit (PMU) data and a partitioned form of the swing equation. The approach accounts for (bounded) uncertainties in network parameters and PMU measurements, enabling precise estimation of inertia and damping constants, as well as mechanical power inputs. Instead of assuming constant mechanical power input throughout, the approach leverages knowledge of power system operations to determine intervals when it is actually constant to maintain estimation consistency. Simulation results on the IEEE 14-bus system and IEEE 39 bus system integrated with renewable energy sources affirm the method's accuracy and applicability.This work was supported in part by the US Department of Energy DOE grant DEEE0011372 The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the views of the US DOE or the US Governmenthttp://arxiv.org/abs/2505.0297
Observing Cusp High-Altitude Reconnection and Electrodynamics: The TRACERS Student Rocket
No full textObserving Cusp High-altitude Reconnection and Electrodynamics (OCHRE) is a student/early career researcher (ECR) focused sounding rocket that will fly as a compliment to the TRACERS satellites. OCHRE will utilize the deep institutional knowledge of the TRACERS science team to educate and mentor a team of graduate students and ECRs to serve as instrument leads, project manager, and primary investigator. Aiming for a near conjunction with, and at an apogee above, TRACERS in the northern polar cusp, OCHRE will answer some remaining questions from the TRICE-II sounding rockets using TRACERS to contextualize observations in the larger-scale polar cusp dynamics.The team at The University of Iowa is funded by NASA through grant number 80NSSC24M0097, and work at Southwest Research Institute and the University of California, Berkeley is funded through the TRACERS grant 80GSFC18C0008.https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-025-01192-