MD-SOAR Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Not a member yet
34521 research outputs found
Sort by
Advancing Ensemble Streamflow Prediction Through Satellite-based Precipitation Product and Model Parameter Uncertainty Quantification
No full textSatellite-based quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE), such as NASA’s Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG), provide easily accessible continental-to-global precipitation forcings for flood prediction and other hydrologic applications. Nevertheless, when used in hydrologic prediction, uncertainty in satellite-based QPE often leads to significant bias. This forcing uncertainty is further blended with other error sources, including process representation, parameter values, and their interactions. The identification and decoupling of these uncertainties can enhance our understanding of their respective impacts, thereby improving hydrologic prediction. Addressing this issue worldwide is challenging, however, largely due to the scarcity of precipitation ground truth and complex uncertainty interactions. Therefore, we propose an efficient uncertainty quantification framework for ensemble streamflow prediction, which keeps different uncertainty sources separable through hierarchical Bayesian inference. Satellite-based QPE uncertainty is characterized by a novel near-realtime quasi-global satellite-only ensemble precipitation dataset (STREAM-Sat), which is completely independent of ground-based precipitation measurements. Model parameter uncertainty in a distributed physics-based hydrologic model is inferred by an Iterative Ensemble Smoother (IES). To illustrate the impact and limitations of precipitation uncertainty, we compared ensemble streamflow predictions driven by both model parameter and satellite precipitation uncertainties and ensemble streamflow predictions driven by model parameter uncertainty and deterministic QPE. We demonstrate that the quantification of satellite-based QPE uncertainty notably improves the accuracy and reliability of streamflow predictions. This study also lays a foundation for satellite-based streamflow prediction in ungauged regions.K. Peng was supported by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (Grant Number 80NSSC22K0600) and the NASA Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology program (Grant Number 80NSSC24K1689). D.B. Wright, Y. Derin, and J. Tan were supported by the NASA Precipitation Measurement Mission (Grant Number 80NSSC22K0600). The authors thank the Center for High Throughput Computing (2006) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison for computational resources and support.https://essopenarchive.org/users/703863/articles/1260085-advancing-ensemble-streamflow-prediction-through-satellite-based-precipitation-product-and-model-parameter-uncertainty-quantification?commit=edc5a1168b40238d2d3121bb0429db15a6045fe
No-go theorem for environment-assisted invariance in non-unitary dynamics
No full textWe elucidate the requirements for quantum operations that achieve environment-assisted invariance (envariance), a symmetry of entanglement. While envariance has traditionally been studied within the framework of local unitary operations, we extend the analysis to consider non-unitary local operations. First, we investigate the conditions imposed on operators acting on pure bipartite entanglement to attain envariance. We show that the local operations must take a direct-sum form in their Kraus operator representations, establishing decoherence-free subspaces. Furthermore, we prove that this also holds for the multipartite scenario. As an immediate consequence, we demonstrate that environment-assisted shortcuts to adiabaticity cannot be achieved through non-unitary operations. In addition, we show that the static condition of the eternal black hole in AdS/CFT is violated when the CFTs are coupled to the external baths.A.S. and P.C. acknowledge U.S. NSF under Grant No. MPS-2328774. A.S. also acknowledges PHY-2425180 and Cooperative Agreement PHY-2019786. A.T. is supported by the U.S DOE under the LDRD program at Los Alamos. K.M. is supported by the Goldwater scholarship and CSM Undergraduate Research Fellowship at UMass Boston. S.D. acknowledges support from the John Templeton Foundation under Grant No. 62422.https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1367-2630/ade46
Some commutation principles for optimization problems over transformation groups and semi-FTvN systems
No full textWe introduce the concepts of commutativity relative to a transformation group and strong commutativity in the setting of a semi-FTvN system and show their appearance as optimality conditions in certain optimization problems. In the setting of a semi-FTvN system (in particular, in an FTvN system), we show that strong commutativity implies commutativity and observe that in the special case of Euclidean Jordan algebra, commutativity and strong commutativity concepts reduce, respectively, to those of operator and strong operator commutativity. We demonstrate that every complete hyperbolic polynomial induces a semi-FTvN system. By way of an application, we describe several commutation principles.D. Sossa acknowledges the support of FONDECYT (Chile) through grant 11220268, and MATH-AMSUD 23-MATH-09 MORA-DataS project.https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.0865
An Anonymous, Trust and Fairness Based Privacy Preserving Service Construction Framework in Mobile Crowdsourcing
No full textThe proliferation of mobile smart devices with ever-improving sensing capacities means that Mobile Crowd Sensing (MCS) can economically provide a large-scale and flexible solution. However, existing MCSs face threats to privacy and fairness when recruiting workers due to information sensitivity, uncertainty about worker behavior, and budget constraints. To address the above issues, we propose an Anonymity, Trust, and Fairness in Privacy Protection (ATFPP) service construction framework to cost-effectively improve the quality of data at MCS. The main innovations are as follows: Firstly, on anonymity, in order to protect the privacy of workers, we propose a Privacy-Preserving (PP) framework based on an anonymous three-party platform, which realizes a full-process privacy-preserving scheme for workers. Second, on trust, we design more efficient Truth Discovery (TD) algorithm and adopt multifactor trust assessment method to identify more trustworthy workers. In addition, in terms of fairness, the fair distribution of compensation is realized through reasonable budget and approximate Shapley method. Finally, the proposed ATFPP scheme is theoretically proven to be correct and effective. Simulations based on real-world datasets illustrate that our ATFPP service construction scheme outperforms the state-of-the-art method in terms of both privacy protection and data quality.This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62072475)https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1085844
The S-PLUS 12-band photometry as a powerful tool for discovery and classification: ten cataclysmic variables in a proof-of-concept study
No full textMulti-band photometric surveys provide a straightforward way to discover and classify astrophysical objects systematically, enabling the study of a large number of targets at relatively low cost. Here we introduce an alternative approach to select Accreting White Dwarf (AWD) candidates following their spectral energy distribution, entirely supported by the twelve photometric bands of the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS). The method was validated with optical spectroscopic follow-up with the Gemini South telescope which unambiguously established ten systems as cataclysmic variables (CVs), alongside Swift X-ray observations of four of them. Among the ten CVs presented here are those that may be low-luminosity intermediate polars or WZ Sge-type dwarf novae with rare outbursts, two subclasses that can be easily missed in time-domain and X-ray surveys, the two methods currently dominating the discovery of new CVs. Our approach based on S-PLUS provides an important, complementary tool to uncover the total population of CVs and the complete set of its subclasses, which is an important step towards a full understanding of close binary evolution, including the origin of magnetic fields in white dwarfs and the physics of accretion. Finally, we highlight the potential of S-PLUS beyond AWDs, serving other surveys in the characterization of their sources.This paper is dedicated to the memory of the good friend and colleague Prof. Dr. Jo˜ao Evangelista Steiner, who devoted his professional life to Astronomy and made significant contributions to the Brazilian astronomical community. R.L.O. was partially supported by the Brazilian institutions Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient´?fico e Tecnol´ogico (CNPq; PQ-312705/2020-4, PQ-315632/2023-2, and 445047/2024-0) and Funda¸c˜ao de Amparo `a Pesquisa do Estado de S˜ao Paulo (FAPESP; 2020/00457-4). A.S.A. was supported by the Brazilian institutions Coordena¸c˜ao de Aperfei¸coamento de Pessoal de N´?vel Superior (CAPES; Finance Code 001: 88887.705415/2022-00 and 88887.992353/2024-00), and Funda¸c˜ao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo `a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ; E-26/203.109/2023 - 29438). A.C.K. thanks FAPESP for the support grant 2024/05467-9 and the CNPq. R.E. was supported by CAPES (Finance Code 001: 88887.914708/2023-00). L.A.G-S. acknowledges financial support from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient´?ficas y T´ecnicas (CONICET), Agencia I+D+i (PICT 2019–03299), and Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina). M.B.F. acknowledges financial support from CNPq (307711/2022-6). We thank Alvaro Alvarez-Candal, Guilherme Limberg, Roberto Saito, Stavros Akras, Swayamtrupta Panda, and Yolanda Jimenez Teja for their suggestions for the manuscript. We thank the Swift PI for approving these observations, and the Swift operations team for implementing them. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database.http://arxiv.org/abs/2501.1658
Academic Success of High School Youth in the Juvenile Legal System: Examining the Impact of School Transitions
No full textHigh school students who are adjudicated in juvenile courts transition from their schools to the juvenile legal system and back to their local schools. The experience of transitioning between multiple school settings may make it difficult for students to meet high school graduation requirements. The purpose of this study was to examine how high school students in the State of Maryland who are involved in the juvenile legal system experience transitions between public schools and juvenile facilities and how these experiences impacted school completion. Theories on trauma informed practice (Harris & Fallot, 2001), restorative justice (Zehr, 2014), and systems thinking (Senge, 2006) provided the theoretical framework for this study. I used a generic qualitative methodology, rooted within the social constructionism paradigm, to focus on the experiences of youth and the impact of transitions between schools and juvenile facilities on their high school completion. Data collection included in-depth interviews with eight individuals who were previously involved in Maryland’s juvenile legal system. Data analysis resulted in the emergence of three themes: (a) trauma was pervasive, (b) home, school and community presented stress, and (c) school completion was difficult. This study affirms the need for school districts and the juvenile legal system to support youth with trauma-informed practices and restorative justice practices. By working together and taking a systems approach, learning gaps created by the interruption of education during multiple school transitions can be eradicated, enabling school completion. Absent systemic changes in local school districts, juvenile detention centers, and the juvenile legal system, these youth will continue to suffer the negative academic effects of being detained. Successful integration back into the public school system after court adjudication is critical for high school students to be academically successful. This study contributes to the literature on the experiences of youth in the juvenile legal system and provides insight into systemic changes that can be made to public schools and the juvenile legal system to counter the school-to-prison pipelin
Evaluating the Alignment of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Scholarship Program (CTHMSP) with Vision 2030 Goals for Human Capital Development in Saudi Arabia
No full textThis dissertation explores the alignment of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Scholarship Program (CTHMSP) with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 goals, focusing on human capital development, program sustainability, and social impact. The research examines how CTHMSP fosters skills in high-demand sectors like STEM, tourism, and renewable energy, while addressing challenges such as skill mismatches, gender equity, and labor market integration. Employing human capital development theory and a comprehensive conceptual framework, the study utilizes qualitative methodologies, including document analysis, to analyze CTHMSP’s contributions to workforce development, financial sustainability, and gender inclusion. Key findings reveal that while CTHMSP has made significant strides in diversifying Saudi Arabia’s economy and empowering women, it faces challenges such as funding volatility, limited rural outreach, and gaps in industry-academic collaboration. The research offers actionable recommendations for enhancing program adaptability, strengthening public-private partnerships, and aligning educational outcomes with labor market demands. This study provides critical insights into the role of large-scale education initiatives in fostering economic resilience, gender equity, and sustainable development, contributing to global discourse on education policy and workforce transformation
Precision measurements of the magnetic parameters of LISA Pathfinder test masses
No full textA precise characterization of the magnetic properties of LISA Pathfinder free falling test-masses is of special interest for future gravitational wave observatory in space. Magnetic forces have an important impact on the instrument sensitivity in the low frequency regime below the millihertz. In this paper we report on the magnetic injection experiments performed throughout LISA Pathfinder operations. We show how these experiments allowed a high precision estimate of the instrument magnetic parameters. The remanent magnetic moment was found to have a modulus of (0.245±0.081) nAm², the x-component of the background magnetic field within the test masses position was measured to be (414±74) nT and its gradient had a value of (−7.4±2.1) μT/m. Finally, we also measured the test mass magnetic susceptibility at 5 mHz to be (−3.3723±0.0069)×10⁻⁵. All results are in agreement with on-ground estimates.This work has been made possible by the LISA Pathfinder mission, which is part of the space-science program of the European Space Agency. The French contribution has been supported by CNES (Accord Specific de projet No. CNES 1316634/CNRS 103747), the CNRS, the Observatoire de Paris and the University Paris-Diderot. E. P. and H. I. would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the UnivEarthS Labex program at Sorbonne Paris Cité (No. ANR-10-LABX-0023 and No. ANR-11- IDEX-0005-02). The Albert-Einstein-Institut acknowledges the support of the German Space Agency, DLR. The work is supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy based on a resolution of the German Bundestag (No. FKZ 50OQ0501 and No. FKZ 50OQ1601). The Italian contribution has been supported by Agenzia Spaziale Italiana and Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare. Spanish contribution has been supported by Contracts No. AYA2010-15709 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MICINN), No. ESP2013-47637-P, No. ESP2015-67234-P, No. ESP2017-90084-P (Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital, MINECO), and No. PID2019–106515GB-I00 (MICINN), and No. PID 2022-137674NB- I00 and by the programme Unidad de Excelencia María de Maeztu CEX2020-001058-M (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation). Support from AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya) Contract No. 2017-SGR-1469 and No. 2021-SGR-01529 is also acknowledged. The Swiss contribution acknowledges the support of the Swiss Space Office (SSO) via the PRODEX Programme of ESA. L. F. acknowledges the support of the Swiss National Science Foundation. The UK groups wish to acknowledge support from the United Kingdom Space Agency (UKSA), the University of Glasgow, the University of Birmingham, Imperial College, and the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA). J. I. T. and J. S. acknowledge the support of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.111.04200
Multispectral Land Surface Reflectance Reconstruction Based on Non-Negative Matrix Factorization: Bridging Spectral Resolution Gaps for GRASP TROPOMI BRDF Product in Visible
No full textIn satellite remote sensing, mixed pixels commonly arise in medium- and low-resolution imagery, where surface reflectance is a combination of various land cover types. The widely adopted linear mixing model enables the decomposition of mixed pixels into constituent endmembers, effectively bridging spectral resolution gaps by retrieving the spectral properties of individual land cover types. This study introduces a method to enhance multispectral surface reflectance data by reconstructing additional spectral information, particularly in the visible spectral range, using the TROPOMI BRDF product generated by the Generalized Retrieval of Atmosphere and Surface Properties (GRASP) algorithm. Employing non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), the approach extracts spectral basis vectors from reference spectral libraries and reconstructs key spectral features using a limited number of wavelength bands. The comprehensive test results show that this method is particularly effective in supplementing surface reflectance information for specific wavelengths where gas absorption is strong or atmospheric correction errors are significant, demonstrating its applicability not only within the 400–800 nm range but also across the broader spectral range of 400–2400 nm. While not a substitute for hyperspectral observations, this approach provides a cost-effective means to address spectral resolution gaps in multispectral datasets, facilitating improved surface characterization and environmental monitoring. Future research will focus on refining spectral libraries, improving reconstruction accuracy, and expanding the spectral range to enhance the applicability and robustness of the method for diverse remote sensing applications.This research was supported by the NASA TEMPO contract NNL13AA09C and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory’s subaward S03939-01 to NASA grant 80NSSC22K1047.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/6/105
Deep Fusion of Neurophysiological and Facial Features for Enhanced Emotion Detection
No full textThe fusion of facial and neurophysiological features for multimodal emotion detection is vital for applications in healthcare, wearable devices, and human-computer interaction, as it enables a more comprehensive understanding of human emotions. Traditionally, the integration of facial expressions and neurophysiological signals has required specialized knowledge and complex preprocessing. With the rise of deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI), new methodologies in affective computing allow for the seamless fusion of multimodal signals, advancing emotion recognition systems. In this paper, we present a novel multimodal deep network that leverages transformers to extract comprehensive features from neurophysiological data, which are then fused with facial expression features for emotion classification. Our transformer-based model analyzes neurophysiological time-series data, while transformer-inspired methods extract facial expression features, enabling the classification of complex emotional states. We compare single modality with multimodal systems, testing our model on Electroencephalography (EEG) signals using the DEAP and Lie Detection datasets. Our hybrid approach effectively captures intricate temporal and spatial patterns in the data, significantly enhancing the system's emotion recognition accuracy. Validated on the DEAP dataset, our method achieves near state-of-the-art performance, with accuracy rates of 97.78%, 97.64%, 97.91%, and 97.62% for arousal, valence, liking, and dominance, respectively. Furthermore, we achieved a precision of 97.9%, a ROC AUC score of 97.6%, an F1-score of 98.1%, and a recall of 98.2%, demonstrating the model's robust performance. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this method, specifically for EEG caps with a limited number of electrodes, in emotion detection for wearable devices.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career CAREER Development Award HCC 2053498https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1094536