Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology Review)
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În căutarea românului perfect. Specific național, degenerare rasială și selecție socială în România modernă. Iași, Editura Polirom, 2024. Marius Turda
Full text linkThrough In Search for the Perfect Romanian. National Specificity, Racial Degeneration and Social Selection in Modern Romania [În căutarea românului perfect. Specific național, degenerare rasială și selecție socială în România modernă], Marius Turda proposes a new method to understand and explain the foundations of Romanian nationalism between 1880 and 1950. Structured in six chapters, the book shows that in Romania there was a eugenic and biopolitical culture that was to define Romanian nationalism and scientific racism. Its extreme forms materialized in the measures taken against Jews and Roma during the Holocaust in Romania. I review the book from the perspective of social memory. By questioning some present-day commemorative practices I highlight the present legacies of eugenics: schools named after strategists of racism, such as Sabin Manuilă; public commemorations of anti-Semites such as Liviu Stan or Nicolae Paulescu
The Political Economy of the Gifts on Tiktok
Full text linkTikTok is a social platform that has become a significant social phenomenon characterized by its complexity. It is a multifaceted object of study, allowing research on various topics such as security and surveillance, algorithms and addiction, and communication and online interactions. However, the practice of giving on TikTok remains under-researched by social sciences. Therefore, the main objective of this article is to understand the practice of giving to discover how it structures the economy of attention. The data obtained were generated through digital ethnography, which involved several qualitative research methods and techniques: participatory and non-participatory observation and conducting semi-structured interviews. Data analysis revealed that virtual gifts must be understood in their dual manifestation: they are the means by which the virtual self is both subjectified and objectified by the platform. First, they contribute to the construction of the influencers' self because they reflect the appreciation and attention received from users, thus enhancing their social reputation. Secondly, the platform monitors and calculates the gifts obtained by influencers to remunerate them, acting like a real bureaucracy that classifies and ranks users according to their actions. The research results suggest that the virtual gifts should be understood as a manifestation of the economy of attention, through which the work of influencers is rewarded based on the attention and dedication they gain from others. The work of the influencer is based on the monetization of the self, and its transformation into an object of free consumption within an economic system centered on the attention of others, a perishable resource that must be constantly attracted
Tolerating Violence against Women: Attitude Evolution and Typology in Romania
Full text linkIn this study, we investigate public attitudes toward violence against women, by analyzing the 2022 Violence Against Women (VaW) survey in Romania. The objectives of this research are to study the evolution of attitudes, to explore the typology of tolerance regarding violence against women, and to uncover the social stratification of the typology of tolerance attitudes in this regard. The methodology uses secondary analysis of a nationally representative survey, using both linear and cluster analysis to explore patterns in public tolerance regarding violence against women. We found that violence against women is strongly condemned by a large majority of the Romanian population, albeit with some variability. Men and people with lower formal education, lower household income, and who are more religiously involved were more likely to express weaker condemnation of violence against women. We identified four types of attitudes through cluster analysis, distinguishing people with zero tolerance from a very small cluster with high tolerance for all forms of violence against women. In addition, two types of relative tolerance were identified, namely the cluster of “tolerance for domestic patriarchalism,” which was discursively inclined toward some justification for social violence and for forms of sexual violence, but not for physical violence, and the cluster of “tolerance for domestic violence,” which was inclined toward some justification for verbal, physical, sexual, and social violence located in the household or between men and women who are familiar which each other. This study contributes to the understanding of how social norms and discursive practices influence gender-related attitudes and the legitimization of violence, with implications for policy and public education aimed at reducing tolerance for gender-based violence
Reziliența rețelei școlare în România – dinamica structurilor spațiale ale școlilor primare rurale
Full text linkRecent research into the geography of education frequently addresses the consequences of declining birth rates and demographic ageing in relation to the shrinking rural school network. Although studies often present conflicting views, whether it is pro- or anti-restructuring, the motivations of decision-makers converge around similar dilemmas: a small school is not financially sustainable, although the institution itself in a small village is perceived by the local community as the "heart of the village". However, the steady decline in school population forces decisions to close or merge them with larger ones, and implicitly, the daily commute of pupils to the larger one. The motivation for this analysis follows from an exhaustive rationale based on the scarcity of quantitative micro- and macro-scale research on the resilience of the rural school network to the dynamics of the primary-age population. The objectives of the study are aimed both at the punctual identification of the spatial structures and conjunctural situations regarding the numerical evolution of primary schools in Romania between 2015-2021, as well as the geographical and cartographic analysis of the spaces with indicators at both extremes of school population statistics. On the one hand, the areas affected early by the effects of depopulation have seen the most extensive restructuring of the schools, either by merging the small units or by adopting multi-grade teaching, one the other hand, the suburban areas of large cities have experienced substantial increases in a short period of time in the number of pupils, leading to overcrowding of classes
Adecvarea politicilor publice la tendințele demografice actuale
Full text linkAbout most of types of crises we have got very few details about how they are starting, how they are developing or about their impact on immediate or long term. Either is the COVID-19 pandemic (nobody was able to anticipate the start of the pandemic, although such risk was known as probable, as well as the predictions about its evolution were extremely diverse), about the Ukrainian war or about the economic crisis which already is made visible by an increasing inflation and employment, but particularly about the cumulative effect of these crises, we are confronted with a high degree of uncertainty and with the difficulty to plan and implement a response. The article brings into discussion another type of crises, the family and child policy crisis, of which beginning was known (or rather ignored) but of which effects on long term are clearly identifiable. An important consequence, the demographic crisis, strongly tied to the child and family deficit protection, has built during a three decade period, the National Institute of Statistics (2021) showing that in 2060 the Romanian population will fall to 14.54 million people, because of significant fertility decline and because of an increasing emigration. Basically, the population of Romania was in 2021 slightly below to the population registered in 1966, although during the last over three decades of the communist regime was implemented an aggressive pro-natalist policies. The article aims to identify the main features of the family policies and those targeting the elderlies into the context of a sharp demographic decline
Respectarea drepturilor omului în sistemul penitenciar românesc. Bune practici în sistemele penitenciare la nivel internațional. Editura Pro Universitaria, București, 2024. Alexandru Petre
Full text linkRespecting human rights in prison represents one of the most important issues when we speak about detention. The quality of prison life is depending on a series of factors, which can influence the behaviour of detainees. Romania is subject of criticism regarding the prison condition, with multiple convictions at European Human Rights Court and still the number of incidents are not higher than those happening in other countries with better detention conditions. The author presents the results of a research focused on the relation between prison service quality, detention condition and medical treatment of the inmates and their behaviour. The conclusion of his study complemented with the good practices identified at international level can represent a guide for improvement of practices and policies within prison service
Răspunsuri la criza ocupării. Transformări digitale ale pieței muncii din România
Full text linkThe present article presents a sociological analysis of the sources of crisis in the context of the Romanian labour market, compared to post-socialist and post-Soviet countries. The study examines the labour market changes over the past two decades, from the economic crisis of 2008 to the COVID-19 crisis. The article shows how socioeconomic vulnerabilities during crises interacted with the transformations caused by employment policies, technological transformations of work and neoliberal measures on the labour market in Romania
SOCIAL ANALYSIS, VOLUME 13, 2023, SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF SAPIENTIA HUNGARIAN UNIVERSITY OF TRANSYLVANIA
Full text linkVolume 13 of 2023 of the journal Social Analysis contains several contributions on sociology in Romania and Hungary at different moments of evolution during the twentieth century. The first four articles deal with aspects of the activity of the Bucharest Sociological School, while four other contributions concern sociology in Hungary. In several articles there are comparisons between the two sociological movements or references to broader developments in Central and Eastern Europe. If about Romanian sociology we receive only information related to the Monographic School, regarding Hungary the articles have a much wider area: from nationalist sociological concerns at the beginning of the twentieth century, to the reorganization of sociology after the Revolution of 1956 and reaching biopolitical approaches with echoes in contemporary Hungary
From “At Risk” to “Dangerous” People. The Roma Between Development Policies and Practices of Expulsion
Full text linkOver more than three decades since the fall of state socialism in Central and Eastern Europe, the position of the Roma in the region is rather ambivalent. Numerous European institutions, inter-governmental development agencies, national governments and European and national/local non-governmental organizations are involved in a pan-European effort to turn the tide for the Roma. The paper argues that although there are numerous efforts to implement development policies and programs to bridge the gap between Roma and non-Roma, there is still a gap between the discourses and inclusion policies developed at the European and national level and those at the sub-national level. There is a tendency to move away from the framing of Roma as an “at risk” group to seeing them as “dangerous people”, who pose threats to the security of others. The paper uses two sets of data sources. First, it employs a secondary analysis of three recent databases: – SocioRoMap – Sociographic mapping of Roma communities in Romania for community-level monitoring of changes regarding Roma integration (2017) and two surveys conducted by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (2011 and 2016). The second data source is based on semi-structured interviews carried out in several research projects that the author has participated in over the last few years. In conclusion, I argue that the two political projects of institutional developmentalism and securitization of the lifestyle of the poorest Roma can coexist, but the abandonment of the former can lead to complex social problems in the future
In memoriam profesor Ioan Drăgan (22.08.1931-05.12.2024)
Full text linkProfessor Ioan Drăgan was the head of the sociology department at the University of Bucharest (1974-1978) and director of the Center for Sociological Research (1974-1990) and then of the Institute of Sociology of the Romanian Academy (1990-1997). He has taught courses in general sociology and sociology of public opinion at the Sociology Department since the 70s. Together with Ion Aluaș, he edited the monumental anthology of contemporary French sociology (1971) and after 1990 he published numerous works in the field of mass communication