Sociologie Românească (Romanian Sociology Review)
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Adrian Otovescu, Conservarea identităţii culturale în mediile de imigranţi români din Europa, Colecţia Aula Magna, Editura Muzeului Naţional al Literaturii Române, Bucureşti, 2013, 332 p.: Adrian Otovescu, The Conservation of the Cultural Identity among Romanian Immigrants in Europe, Aula Magna Collection, National Museum of Romanian Literature Publishing House, Bucharest, 2013, 332 p.
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Originile sociale, legislative și ideologice ale Legii Serviciului Social: The Social, Legislative and Ideological Origins of the Social Service Law
No full textThe fact that the Social Service Law was passed in 1938, when Romania ceased to be a democratic regime, has converted this action into a specific measure for states with a totalitarian regime. This generated the lack of discussions regarding the causes that led to the passing of this law, as well as the label of `utopian` measure. In fact, these two different approaches fail to bring any clarifications in debating the subject. The present paper emphasizes the idea that the compulsory social service represented the final stage in combating the effects of intellectual unemployment in interwar Romania. This phenomenon, which in turn was caused by the ”overcrowding of the universities” both in Romania and Europe, was also debated by Walter Kotsching. In his analysis called Unemployment in Learned Professions, Kotschnig identified three types of measures capable of limiting the negative effects of the intellectual unemployment, being convinced that intellectual unemployment would lead to political radicalization. Kotsching’s classification refers to emergency measures, restrictive and distributive ones. In the author’s opinion, social service is a form of emergency measures, giving the example of Arbeit Camps from Germany and of the Civilian Conservative Corpes from USA. In Romania, the legislative genealogy of the social service is found in Legea muncii pentru interes obştesc [The labor law for community interest], passed in the spring of 1937. It must be stated that the Social Service Law represented a mechanism of recruiting human resources for the Dimitrie Gusti’s project of ”mapping” the 15.000 Romanian villages. But it is equally true that this measure represented a part of the project of social control implemented by King Carol 2nd over the Romanian youth. It was a way of redirecting the Romanian youth out of the legionary movement ideology and making it adhere to the new regime of royal dictatorship
The Voices of Pregnant Adolescents: the Gap Between Reproductive Heal Policies and Women`s Realities
No full textThis paper discusses pregnancy in adolescents in Mexico, as it is a matter of great concern for different social actors. Scant literature and studies include first-hand information about the needs and desires of adolescents concerning their sexuality and reproductive health. This paper gives account of these voices of urban marginal young women, allowing a better insight of the complexity and the meanings that has pregnancy and adolescent motherhood. Qualitative methodology has been used to gather important information about experience that pregnant adolescents had concerning issues related with their own development as pregnant young women. In order to develop posterior semi-structured interviews, and to avoid conceptual and wording misunderstandings, focus groups were carried out to explore the meanings of ‘official’ and ‘private’ language about pregnancy in adolescence. Pregnant adolescents’ voices revealed, and strongly stressed, the cultural shaping of the ‘feminine’ nature for reproduction and maternity, and therefore, pregnancy acquired particular values, more precious than other social activities. Pregnancy acts as a trigger for these adolescents to decide either to marry or to live in ‘free union’. In fact, pregnancy is a factor that strongly compels that decision. No matter what social and individual difficulties they have to face, they are widely justified by becoming ‘a mother’, that is considered and desired by them as the better status for a woman. Reproductive health policies fail in diminishing adolescent fertility rate. They need to address adolescent population based on, and including, gender contents and young women’s sexual and reproductive rights
Topografii ale trecutului: structurarea şi restructurarea conştiinţei istorice româneşti prin manualele naţionale de istorie: Topografii ale trecutului: structurarea şi restructurarea conştiinţei istorice româneşti prin manualele naţionale de istorie
No full textStarting from the assumption that the social management of historical time is a powerful tool in the political definition of reality, this paper analyzes how the history of the Romanian people has been periodized through the course of time. The central argument states that the partitioning system used to periodize the past harbors a hidden agenda, or a particular ideological „implicature”, that can be brought to light by analyzing the temporal watersheds selected as defining moments in the history of that community. The paper analyzes the social logic of periodization operating within the Romania national history textbooks, revealing how socio-political conditions determine the temporal structuring of the past. Moreover, it shows how social change, and especially the change of the socio-political regime, leads to a revertebration of the past’s symbolic backbone. Dramatic social and political change results in reconfiguring the formal structure of the collective consciousness concerning the past, within which specific events of Romanian history acquire their meaning. In conclusion, the study shows that, although resorting to a system of periodization is indeed a cognitive prerequisite for understanding the past, the reality of the past does not come with an already-there articular structure, so that „carving the (past’s) reality at its joints”, as Plato put it, is not a possibility
Dimensiunea etno-culturală a cetățeniei în legislația contemporană a Uniunii Europene şi a României (1992-2012): The ethno-cultural dimension of European citizenship (1992-2012)
No full textMy article is conceived as a comparative assessment of the implications that the European Union enlargement in 2007 has entailed upon the ethno-national belongingness among Romanian nationality and ethnic minorities in Romania. The cultural identity of ethnic and linguistic communities is currently related to the statute of European Union citizenship, as established by the article 8 of the Maastricht Treaty of European Union (1992). In such socio-economic and legislative framework, the anthropological theorizing of ethnicity and “cosmopolitanism”, alongside that of the “human rights” and the “national minorities”, actually approximates the ethno-cultural dimension of the European and national citizenship, in the historical continuity and development of the European national states, as well as within their institutional structuring, once they have adhered to a European community. The equivalence and communication between the terminology of European and national legislation (with its specialized juridical principles) endorse the European conceptualization of national citizenship, and, at the same time, the national intelligibility of European citizenship. To exemplify, the official language of Romanian state is also one of the official languages of Europen Union, which is the same as the recognition by the Constitution of Romania of the minorities’ right to use their maternal languages in justice. Similarly, the ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious identity compose the “configuration” of ethnonationality in the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, in the Constitution of Romania, and in the draft Statute of National Minorities in Romania as well.
 
