LOUIS University of Alabama in Huntsville
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Data remanence vulnerabilities in embedded SRAM at low temperature
Get PDFStatic Random Access Memory (SRAM) memory is prevalent as cache memory in computing platforms and embedded systems. SRAM frequently stores essential information such as cryptographic keys, passwords, and other confidential data. Consequently, a data remanence-based attack on SRAM can result in significant damage. When power is removed, SRAM gradually loses data rather than immediately, especially at lower temperatures. This phenomenon, known as data remanence, poses a significant security risk, as it can be exploited through cold boot attacks targeting encryption keys and other sensitive data. Understanding temperature-induced vulnerabilities in embedded SRAM is crucial for enhancing the security and reliability of embedded systems, especially in IoT devices. This master’s Thesis examines the impact of temperature on the data remanence characteristics of embedded SRAM in the 16-bit MSP430F5529 microcontroller developed by Texas Instruments. The research included conducting practical data remanence attack at low temperatures to assess their impact on modern embedded SRAM . The experimental method involved writing a specific image to the SRAM, observing its retention over time by toggling power, and comparing the retained data to the original to determine data loss percentages. Our findings show that, at -25°C, data showed nearly perfect retention for up to 800 milliseconds for known images. These results underscore the potential security vulnerabilities of embedded SRAM memory when subjected to low-temperature data remanence attacks
Bringing Imagination to Life: An Animated Tale of The Arabian Cinderella and the Secret of the Woven Threads
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Developing geopolymer-based adsorptive materials for nutrient removal from agricultural runoff and drainage
Get PDFWith the rise of population placing strain on food supplies and the failure of current prevention strategies to mitigate effects of agricultural pollution, research is needed to develop new technologies for the removal and recovery of nutrients from agricultural runoff and drainage. Geopolymer, an alkali-silicate material polymerized within an acidic or alkaline medium, is promising as an adsorptive substrate due to its multifaceted customizability, cost effectiveness, and adsorptive properties. Hence, the objective of this research was to develop porous metakaolin (MK) geopolymer based adsorptive materials with high affinities for phosphate and ammonium/ammonia to act as nutrient control within agricultural runoff and drainage. I first conducted a literature review to evaluated the most frequently proposed adsorbents, biochars and polymers, as phosphate adsorbents and slow-release fertilizer after exhaustion. In general, this information assisted in creating the MK-geopolymer, which has high nutrient selectivity and economic feasibility. In the third chapter, the MK-geopolymer was explored for phosphate adsorption by adhering lanthanum (La) to the adsorbent’s surface. The ratio of Na2SiO3: NaOH within the geopolymer slurry was manipulated to evaluate its effect on phosphate adsorption capacity, and was eventually determined considering the performance, structural strength of the material, safety, and economic cost for preparation. The La-loaded geopolymer was also evaluated using a synthetic agricultural solution, which yielded a Type III adsorption isotherm, demonstrating unrestricted multilayer phosphate adsorption. In the fourth chapter, the MK-geopolymer was optimized for ammonia/ammonium (NH3/NH4+) adsorption by hydrochloric acid (HCl) treatment. The HCl-treated geopolymer was evaluated in both ammonium solutions to examine the influence of various water chemistry and operating parameters and in synthetic agricultural runoff. To access possible nutrient recovery, adsorbent regeneration was performed for 3 cycles, in which subsequent adsorption capacity improved due to the geopolymer’s interaction with the NaCl in the regeneration solution. Results from this Ph.D. research showed that geopolymer-based materials can be promising adsorbents for nutrients removal and recovery from agricultural runoff
Design and kinematic testing of a resin artificial Monarch butterfly wing
Get PDFDue to its ability to travel long distances efficiently, as evidenced by its yearly migration, the monarch butterfly is a strong candidate upon which to base a micro-aerial vehicle. Of primary importance in this venture is designing artificial wings with similar kinematics to a monarch wing. A first attempt produced a wing that differed significantly from a monarch wing in terms of deformation while flapping and empirical force coefficient trends. Using a new resin-based 3D printer, a new wing has been designed and developed to improve upon the issue with the original artificial wing. Both wings are tested using a flapping mechanism and an array of VICON tracking cameras to measure their kinematics while flapping. The new wing proves to be a much closer match to the monarch wing in terms of deformation and empirical force production trends
Design, modeling, and experimental realization of tunable Fabry-Perot nanocavities for broadband and narrow-band applications
Get PDFEfficient control of light absorption at the nanoscale has become a popular area of research, leveraging metal, semiconductor, and dielectric thin film technologies to engineer multilayer structures that modulate light through interference. A Fabry-Perot nanocavity can be configured with a dielectric or semiconductor layer sandwiched between two metal layers to exploit interference. This necessarily involves multiple optical paths through a spacer medium. The ensemble structures can be configured for anti-reflection, high-reflection, and dichroism. This dissertation is structured around four main objectives, each aimed at demonstrating the advanced capabilities of these nanocavities in manipulating light. The goals specifically focus on showcasing enhanced narrowband color reflection, dynamically tunable narrowband color absorption, ultra-broadband absorption spanning the visible to near-infrared spectrum, and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the dynamically tunable system based on variations in structural parameters. The initial objective was the modeling and experimental realization of a dynamically tunable Fabry-Perot nanocavity, incorporating a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure to achieve real-time control of absorption wavelengths in the visible spectrum. This involves using n-type-doped semiconductors like indium antimonide and indium arsenide within an MOS configuration, enabling substantial optical property tuning by electrically controlling the induced carrier accumulation. The second (and easier to experimentally realize) objective entails modeling and building reflective color filters and broadband absorbers for the near-infrared range based on an asymmetric Fabry-Perot nanocavity design. This setup revealed enhanced spectral and angular sensitivity, functioning as an RGB color reflector. The third objective explores the use of an asymmetric Fabry-Perot nanocavity as an ultra-broadband absorber for visible to near-infrared wavelengths, achieving over 80% absorption at incidence angles up to 60 degrees. The final objective quantifies the impact of fabrication inaccuracies on the optical performance of Fabry-Perot nanocavities using Monte Carlo simulations to assess the effect of variations in optical and structural parameters. This research contributes to advancements in the new fields of electrically tunable color filters, solid-state color reflectors, biosensors, photovoltaics, and high-speed electro-optical modulators. The lithography-free fabrication process presented enhances the cost-effectiveness of these devices, which can lead to applications being found in any field employing active or passive optical elements
Capitalizing on Crime Stories: Unveiling the Connection between Sensationalism and Commercialization in True Crime
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Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Machine Learning Models in Anomaly Detection of a SCADA ICS
Get PDFSir Hans Sloane: The Inventor of Chocolate Milk?
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