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El rol del treball social en l’estigma social dels trastorns mentals greus
Get PDFEl següent treball de fi de grau tracte sobre l’estigma que hi ha a nivell social dins els
trastorns mentals greus i el rol del treballador social en la lluita d’aquest estigma i les
funcions que realitza com a professional. L’objectiu d’aquest treball és poder conèixer
el motiu de l’estigma, si hi ha suficient visibilitat social i com afecta en la vida diària de
les persones que tenen aquest diagnòstic, per tal de poder conscienciar a la societat.
Per tal de dur a terme la investigació, he fet una combinació teòrica, on he llegit
diversos llibres escrits per treballadors socials on parlaven dels trastorns mentals i la
salut mental i diversos articles publicats per tenir major informació. No obstant, s’ha
complementat amb entrevistes a la societat per esbrinar el coneixement social i poder
treure un anàlisi, a persones que tenen un diagnòstic i a diversos professionals que es
dediquen a la salut mental.
Les entrevistes son de metodologia semiestructurada, per una banda hi ha preguntes
tancades i per altra banda preguntes obertes per a que les persones puguin explicar el
que saben. Aquest tipus d’entrevista m’ha permet tenir més informació i grau de
coneixement de la societat envers el trastorn mental greu. Les preguntes a
professionals i persones que pateixen un diagnòstic de TMG són obertes tot i que
també s’ha utilitzat preguntes tancades per a tenir respostes més precises.
Poder realitzar les preguntes des de diversos punts de vista m’ha permès tenir major
claredat per poder fer la discussió sobre l’estigma i els aspectes de millora per poder
donar major visibilitat.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Nanocarriers for Combination Therapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, characterized by late diagnosis, aggressive progression, and poor response to conventional monotherapies. Combination therapies have emerged as a promising approach to overcome multidrug resistance (MDR), enhance efficacy, and target the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) have gained significant attention for their ability to co-deliver multiple agents with controlled release profiles. This review comprehensively examines nanoparticle-based platforms developed for PDAC combination therapies, focusing on small-molecule drugs. The systems discussed are drawn from studies published between 2005 and 2025.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Bachelor Thesis in nursing: A qualitative study of the teaching-learning process from the experience of the students, academic tutors and nurses
Get PDFBackground: The Bachelor Thesis (BT) offers a pivotal opportunity for nursing students to develop and consolidate essential competencies. Investigating the teaching-learning process is critical to enhancing BT’s educational and clinical relevance.
Aim To: explore the teaching-learning experiences of nursing students, academic tutors, and practicing nurses during the BT process.
Design: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted.
Settings and Participants: Convenience sampling was used to select 40 participants: 10 nursing students, 20 active nursing graduates, and 9 academic tutors from two universities, ensuring diversity.
Methods: Four focus groups (one with tutors, one with nursing students, and 2 with graduate nurses) were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. An inductive thematic analysis was performed using Atlas-it 9 software.
Results: The analysis identified four main themes with eight subthemes: Learning elements (facilitators and barriers); Competencies developed (transversal, research competence); Tutor’s role (functions and perceived value); and Proposals for improvement (gradual BT integration, tutor suitability and training, and innovative thesis approaches).
Conclusions: The findings highlight individual and institutional factors influence students' competency development, with tutor interaction playing a central role. These factors shape student motivation and their perception of the BT’s relevance to professional practice. The study recommends that universities adopt strategies to foster self-regulation and responsibility in learning and implement BT modalities that promote peer collaboration, interdisciplinarity, and links to clinical practice. Additionally, tutor training is essential in both methodological and relational competencies to optimize their pedagogical contributions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Promoting Self-Determination in Young Adults with Autism: A Multicenter, Mixed Methods Study
Get PDFYoung people with autism have support needs related to self-determination that are currently not adequately addressed
in Spain. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness, implementation, and acceptability of a program to support selfdetermination for young adults with autism in Spain. A multicenter, mixed methods randomized controlled trial (RCT)
study was conducted (2020–2022). Young adults with autism between 17 and 30 years of age were recruited, and 40
were randomly assigned to the intervention or waiting-list group. Quantitative and qualitative data on outcomes relating
to self-determination, program implementation and acceptability were collected at baseline, during, and after the intervention using several tools, including the SDI: SR and focus groups. Joint displays were used to integrate the quantitative
and qualitative results for a comprehensive evaluation of the program. The quantitative results revealed no significant
differences between the intervention and waiting list groups but indicated positive impacts on agentic actions and overall
self-determination as reported by participants and caregivers. The qualitative results expanded the quantitative results by
identifying personal and contextual barriers and facilitators of self-determination while offering deeper insights into the
quantitative outcomes. Implementation fidelity was high, and the qualitative data provided areas for improvement and
identified challenges and best practices. Program acceptability was high, and the group format proved useful. Our study
provides the first empirical evidence of an intervention designed to promote self-determination in individuals with autism
in Spain, but further research is needed. This trial was retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrial.org (NCT05938751)
on January 1st, 2023.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Enriching the Existing Knowledge About Co-creation: Identifying Dimensions of Co-creation Using Explicit Theory in Various Research Fields
Get PDFDespite increasing popularity of co-creation approaches across various types of co-creation (e.g., value co-creation) and research fields, systematic and effective theory-building of co-creation research is generally lacking. We explored co-creation literature underpinned by explicit theory, taking a hybrid approach by combining a narrative literature review of studies in various research fields and a systematic literature review of studies in the field of public health. Subsequently, we identified common dimensions applied to the co-creation process across various types of co-creation and research fields, in performing an inductive thematic analysis. Across the total 27 articles included as part of the narrative and systematic review, we identified 5 dimensions related to the co-creation process applied across 9 research fields: (1) Multi-stakeholder collaborative action; (2) Process of co-learning towards innovation; (3) Contextual knowledge production; (4) Generating meaning; and, (5) Open, trustful and inclusive dialogue. The findings offer renewed insight into the common dimensions of the co-creation process, with underpinning explicit theories across various types of co-creation and research fields. A clear and consistent definition of co-creation was often lacking, especially in the field of public health. We strongly emphasise the need for research to adopt a multi-dimensional approach to the co-creation process—as well as to work towards developing a common language around co-creation, which involves operationalising these identified five dimensions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Preference trials: An underexplored design in musculoskeletal research
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Incorporating patients’ preferences into randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enhances the relevance and applicability of research findings to clinical practice. Person- and patient-centered care are fundamental principles in modern musculoskeletal pain management, requiring consideration of treatment preferences during research endeavors to guide clinical practice.
CLINICAL QUESTION: How can RCT designs account for patients’ preferences in musculoskeletal pain management research, and what are potential benefits of doing so?
KEY RESULTS: Despite the importance of patient preferences in musculoskeletal pain management, few RCTs adequately integrate these preferences into their designs. This article discusses several methodological strategies for including patient preferences in RCTs. Proposed designs include modifications to conventional trials, comprehensive cohort designs, partially randomized preference designs, and 2-stage randomized preference designs. Each design is assessed for its ability to address real-world clinical questions, with strengths and limitations highlighted.
CLINICAL APPLICATION: Trialists must carefully consider whether adapting their study design to include patient preferences is necessary for answering their research questions and improving outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal pain.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
A Site-Specific MiniAp4–Trastuzumab Conjugate Prevents Brain Metastasis
Get PDFMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are changing cancer treatments. However, the presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and the blood–tumor barrier (BTB) limits the use of mAbs to treat brain cancer or brain metastasis. Molecules that hijack endogenous transport mechanisms on the brain endothelium (brain shuttles) have been shown to increase the transport of large molecules and nanoparticles across the BBB. Among these shuttles, protease-resistant peptides such as MiniAp-4 are particularly efficient. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of site-specific mAb–brainshuttle antibody conjugates (ASC) based on the anti-HER2 mAb trastuzumab (Tz) and four molecules of MiniAp-4. The ASCs preserve the binding and cell cycle arrest capacity of Tz. MiniAp-4 ASC displays enhanced transport across an in vitro BBB cellular model with respect to Tz and Tz conjugated to Angiopep-2, the brain shuttle that has advanced the most in clinical trials. More importantly, evaluation of Tz-MiniAp4 in a murine brain metastasis model demonstrated that the protease-resistant peptide showed preferential transport across the BBB/BTB, displaying a marked therapeutic effect and protecting against metastasis development. The technology described herein could be applied to any antibody of interest to treat central nervous system-related diseases. MiniAp-4 enhances the brain transport of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, preventing brain metastasis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Drug-drug interactions in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): practical considerations for treating men with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors and common medications in this stage
Get PDFIntroduction
New androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) are an essential part of the treatment strategy for patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Despite the good tolerability of ARPIs, after treatment is started, drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between these and other medications frequently taken by these patients may appear. DDIs may reduce the therapeutic effect of both and lead to increased adverse events. DDIs should be carefully assessed before an ARPI is started.
Areas covered
We first review the current therapeutic landscape for mHSPC, common age-related comorbidities and other comorbidities or adverse events arising from previous or current treatments for prostate cancer, and patients’ symptomatology. We then analyze the potential toxicities arising from medications for these conditions and those of mHSPC: ARPIs (abiraterone acetate plus prednisone/prednisolone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide) and docetaxel.
Expert opinion
Before mHSPC patients are treated with an ARPI, careful assessment of patient eligibility for each treatment alternative and potential DDIs between these and treatments for current comorbidities is a fundamental component in clinical decision-making. ARPIs with low potential DDIs allow keeping current concomitant medications without significant relevant dose adjustments and help reduce the risk of toxicities and comorbidity-related decompensation.
Plain Language Summary
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, especially those aged 60 years old or older. Many of these men are also taking medicines for other health problems such as high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, or other age-related or unrelated conditions. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a treatment used in prostate cancer when the first treatment options with curative intent have failed. This treatment lowers the level of androgens, male hormones that make the cancer grow. Over time, ADT may not be enough to keep prostate cancer under control. This is when it spreads to the body, causing ‘metastases.’ This stage of prostate cancer is known as ‘metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer,’ which means that it is still sensitive to the effect of ADT. If not treated, it may lose this sensitivity and become ‘castration-resistant.’ This stage of the disease is lethal.
New drugs called ‘androgen receptor pathway inhibitors’ (ARPIs), such as abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide help ADT to better control prostate cancer. The problem is that the way ARPIs work in the body may interfere with the ways other medications taken by the patient work and vice versa. This is called a ‘drug-drug interaction’. Consequently, all these medications do not work as they should, or even worse, they can cause unexpected side effects. Before starting an ARPI, healthcare professionals should carefully check all the medications the patient is taking.
Choosing an ARPI with fewer interactions can help ensure the patient’s other health conditions are well-managed and that the ARPI will work well. This is important to keep patients as healthy and safe as possible while they are being treated for prostate cancer.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Evaluación del impacto del Programa CaixaProinfancia en España en el curso 2023-2024
Get PDFPresentamos un informe de la evaluación del impacto social que en Espanya ha desarrollado
el Programa CaixaProinfancia durante curso académico 2023-2024. El estudio ha sido
realizado por la Dirección Científica del Programa integrado por científicos y científicas
miembros del Grupo de Investigación Consolidado en Pedagogía, Sociedad e Innovación con
el apoyo de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones PSITIC, de la Facultad
de Psicología, Ciencias de la Educación y el Deporte Blanquerna, Universidad Ramon Llull.
De igual forma que los estudios realizados en los años anteriores, el presente informe busca
comprender la incidencia de CaixaProinfancia en los distintos territorios donde se
desarrolla a partir de del análisis de la información disponible en el Aplicativo del Programa;
la recogida de información realizada por profesionales de las entidades que participan en
las Redes Socioeducativas Territoriales; otros informes ofrecidos por el Estado español; y
estudios y marcos conceptuales anexos que, por su relevancia y pertinencia, han sido
considerados para incorporar en este estudio.
Entre otros hallazgos, nos referiremos al estado de la vulnerabilidad social de las familias
que participan en el Programa, los resultados académicos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes,
desde una perspectiva estadística descriptiva y multivariante.
El informe se estructura en seis partes: 1o la metodología del estudio; 2o descripción del
perfil sociodemográfico de los niños, niñas, adolescentes (en adelante, NNA) y las familias
que participan en el Programa; 3o presentación de los resultados y análisis de los principales
hallazgos del estudio; 4o conclusiones del informe.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Test of Lepton Flavor Universality with B+ →k+π+π-ℓ+ℓ- Decays
Get PDFThe first test of lepton flavor universality between muons and electrons using B+→K+π+π-ℓ+ℓ- (ℓ=e, μ) decays is presented. The measurement is performed with data from proton-proton collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb-1. The ratio of branching fractions between B+→K+π+π-e+e- and B+→K+π+π-μ+μ- decays is measured in the dilepton invariant-mass-squared range 1.1<q2<7.0 GeV2/c4 and is found to be RKππ-1=1.31-0.17+0.18(stat) -0.09+0.12(syst), in agreement with the standard model prediction. The first observation of the B+→K+π+π-e+e- decay is also reported.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio