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Comparison of Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch Methods in IEEE 30 Bus System
Get PDFIt has been noted that a number of metaheuristics are applied with success to power system optimal reactive power dispatch (ORPD) challenges. These algorithms’ convergence rates are also determined to be low, and the results they provide are deemed to be inadequate. It suggests that there is insufficient investigation and exploitation in the algorithm. Therefore, an appropriate approach is needed to improve the algorithm’s search performance. The enhanced butterfly optimization algorithm (EBOA) is used in this work to address the power system’s ORPD problems. IEEE 30 bus network is chosen as a base network to test and validate the performance of the methods. On this systems, all three goals—Power Loss Minimization, TVD Minimization, and L-Index Minimization—are taken into account. The outcomes of EBOA have been equated with those of the novel BOA and additional modern heuristics. Additionally, statistical analysis is performed to evaluate the algorithm’s resilience.acceptedVersio
Colonial acts in Norwegian EAL textbooks – Relations between coloniser and colonised
Get PDFThis article discusses representations of colonial acts and the relationship between coloniser and colonised in EAL (English as an Additional Language) textbooks produced for grades 5–7 in Norwegian schools. Multimodal and critical discourse analyses are used to analyse the textbook series. We present five extracts from these textbooks that exemplify findings common to all the textbook series. Findings show that tokenism, exclusion and marginalisation are still common in textbooks. Implications for teachers are discussed, together with the need for them to gain greater critical awareness of teaching materials and to develop their own knowledge of colonialism, and its effects.publishedVersio
Recent Advances in Positive Photoresists: Mechanisms and Fabrication
Get PDFPhotoresists are fundamental materials in photolithography and are crucial for precise patterning in microelectronic devices, MEMS, and nanostructures. This paper provides an in-depth review of recent advancements in positive photoresist research and development, focusing on discussion regarding the underlying mechanisms governing their behavior, exploring innovative fabrication techniques, and highlighting the advantages of the photoresist classes discussed. The paper begins by discussing the need for the development of new photoresist technologies, highlighting issues associated with adopting extreme ultraviolet photolithography and addressing these challenges through the development of advanced positive-tone resist materials with improved patterning features, resolution, and sensitivity. Subsequently, it discusses the working mechanisms and synthesis methods of different types and subtypes of photoresists, starting from non-chemically amplified, organic, and inorganic–organic hybrid photoresists and progressing to dry film resists, with an emphasis on the upsides of each. The paper concludes by discussing how future research in the field of lithography—prioritizing concerns related to environmental impacts, improved photoresist material and properties, and utilization of advanced quantum technology—can assist with revolutionizing lithography techniques.publishedVersio
Visible and Invisible Difference: Negotiating Citizenship, Affect, and Resistance
Get PDFThis article offers a retrospective analysis of discussions on citizenship, exploring the role of (in)visible difference, affect, and resistance. In group discussions with Norwegian youth, we found that positionality played a central role in framing understandings of citizenship, belonging, and discrimination. As white researchers who also experience (in)visible differences, we reflect on the students’ explicit discussions of difference, as well as their reactions to our implicit and explicitly acknowledged difference. Additional reflections are put forth on leveraging invisible difference to create space for an inclusive understanding of citizenship, resisting ideas of ethno-nationalism. This discussion demonstrates the potential which experiences with (in)visible difference have for contributing to more inclusive understandings of citizenship. Further potential implications are that acknowledgement of invisible difference by white majority educators may help to open space for an understanding of difference as a citizenship resource.publishedVersio
Experimental and computational studies to investigate flow dynamics of Geldart A and Geldart B particles in a Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB)
No full textCirculating Fluidized Bed are widely used in power industries owing to their advantageous properties like high heat-transfer, longer residence time, particle mixing and separation. Particularly, CFB technology is used in the applications such as pyrolysis, gasification, chemical looping, calcium looping, oxy-firing, and waste firing, to produce high-quality producer gas thus, allowing to meet emission limits. In a single reactor CFB, the particles are carried by the gas flow, separated using a cyclone, and returned into the riser through a gas sealing mechanism such as a loop seal or valves. The efficient design and operation of the CFB reactors depend on gas-particle flow behaviour and particle circulation rate at different process conditions.
This study addresses the dynamics flow behaviour of the Geldart A and Geldart B particles in CFB using Computational Particle Fluid Dynamic (CPFD) simulations. Sand particles ranging from 63-200 µm in size were employed as the bed material. The CPFD model was developed using the MP-PIC approach in a Barracuda virtual reactor. The CPFD model results were validated against experimental data based on the pressure sensor reading along different reactor zones. The optimal velocity for smooth circulation of the particles were identified as 1.99 m/s and 0.0531 m/s in riser and loop seal. The result illustrated that the Wen-Yu and Ergun drag model predicted the flow dynamics behaviour close to the experimental measurements of the several drag models tested. Similarly, different simulations were run at different velocities to study the flow dynamics of the bed materials. And comparison of two different model were evaluated based on particle mass flux at different zones in CFB
Veien mot Bærekraft - Dynamiske Kapabiliteter for Strategisk Implementering
No full textStudien tar for seg en empirisk undersøkelse for å forstå sammenheng mellom dynamiske kapabiliteter, digitalisering og bærekraft. Hensikten med denne oppgaven har vært å kartlegge tilnærminger organisasjoner benytter seg av i transformasjon av virksomheten og hvordan de utvikler bærekraftig praksis. Problemstillingen vi ønsker å besvare er:
Hvordan benytter organisasjoner dynamiske kapabiliteter for å utvikle, implementere og iverksette bærekraftstrategier?
Denne studien har som formål å bidra med forskning om hvordan organisasjoner anskaffer ekstern informasjon og implementere det i sin bærekraftstrategi. Oppgaven tar i bruk en kvalitativ forskningsmetode og en casestudie. Vi har brukt en nyansert metodikk og innsamlet svar fra en spørreundersøkelse med åpne spørsmål. Undersøkelsen gir en dybdeforståelse av de ulike variablene og utfordringene som kommer frem i datasettet.
For å vise til funn og validere svarene har vi delt opp spørsmålet i tre deler: utvikling av bærekraftstrategien, iverksettelse av bærekraftstrategien og implementering av bærekraftstrategien.
Funnene fra de tre delene viser seg å være blant annet informasjonsinnhenting for å utvikle, bruk av dataanalyser for å iverksette og pilotprosjekter for å implementere Bærekraftstrategi
Konklusjonen vår er at enkelte kapabiliteter som overvåking, integrasjon, kultur og dataanalyse er viktige for bærekraftstrategier. Disse kapabilitetene kan kategoriseres som avdekking, agering og transformasjon
Nursing students’ perspectives on the operator portraying the patient in simulation
No full textBackground: The simulation operator plays an important role in portraying the patient when using high- fidelity simulators. However, knowledge of the simulation operator’s pedagogical role in simulation scenar- ios, from the perspective of nursing students, is limited. Aim: To explore nursing students' perspectives on the simulation operator role. Methods: The study was conducted at a university in Norway. An exploratory, descriptive design with a quali- tative approach was employed. Participants comprised 34 nursing students. Data were collected via focus groups and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: One main category, creating an attuned learning path on the fly, emerged, alongside three associated subcategories: triggering student alertness, providing dynamic feedback, and mastering technical challenges. Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that simulation-based learning experience should include the operator’s role as a critical educator role in nursing education. The efficacy hinged on the simulation opera- tor’s ability to merge and apply subject-matter expertise and pedagogical competencies to guide students further within their Zone of Proximal Development. Further research on the operator's multifaceted peda- gogical role would help develop evidence-based guidelines for this pivotal function.publishedVersio
Silicon flow stop frame for encapsulation of CMOS microsensor chips by wet anisotropic etching in KOH
No full textBulk micromachining in silicon is governed by the etching process where anisotropic (wet) etching in KOH can yield complex structures beyond that achievable with isotropic (dry) etching techniques. One example is the miniaturised frame reported herein with an area of 2.9 to 7.5 mm2, walls that are 1/10 mm thick, a height of 525 μm equipped with sloping walls that takes advantage of the 54.7° angle of the (111) planes to the horizontal (100) top surface of the wafer. Convex corners liable to damage are protected by sacrificial bridge structures which are etched thin to a point where the frame can be easily removed from the bulk substrate material. Frames made from isotropic (dry) etching processes have been made for comparison. Although the frame structure has different applications in microfabrication, the intended use is a flow stop barrier preventing liquid resins from entering the active area of a CMOS chemical sensor chip during encapsulation for use in aqueous or gaseous media. Beyond this specific proof-of-concept, the strategy is expected to be of general interest for all who treasures KOH etching and wants to explore new avenues based on this process.publishedVersio
Skjønnlitteraturens potensial i arbeid med temaet livsmestring i norskfaget
No full textHensikten med denne oppgaven er å undersøke potensialet til romanen Dette er ikke oss (Alaei, 2021) i undervisning rettet inn mot temaet livsmestring i norskfaget. Studien undersøker følgende problemstilling: Hvilke muligheter og utfordringer representerer romanen Dette er ikke oss av Neda Alaei (2021) i arbeid med temaet livsmestring i norskfaget?
Studien har en metodetriangulering. Den baserer seg på en litterær analyse av romanen Dette er ikke oss og tre dybdeintervjuer. Utvalget består av tre lærere som underviser i faget norsk, som i forkant av intervjuene leste den utvalgte romanen. Bakgrunnen for å benytte to metoder er ønske om å ha både en tekstintern og en norskdidaktisk tilnærming, der romanen sine muligheter og utfordringer belyses ut fra ulike perspektiver.
Funnene som kommer ut av den litterære analysen viser at temaene livsmestring og psykisk helse er fremtredende i romanen, og at karakteren Sanna fremstår som en dynamisk karakter, som har utfordringer med å håndtere følelser som sorg og ensomhet. Dette gir mulighet til å diskutere romanen i lys av temaet livsmestring, slik temaet er beskrevet i LK20. Informantene i studien trekker frem aktuell tematikk, realistisk fremstilling, rom for å kjenne seg igjen i karakterer og fremstilling av livsmestring, som muligheter ved romanen. Lærerne fremhever også at de prioriterer en leserorientert tilnærming til litteraturen. Intervjuene viser at det er særlig to utfordringer ved romanen: håndtering av fremstilling av vanskelige temaer og ensidig fremstilling av karakterer. Funnene i studien viser at den utvalgte romanen åpner opp for samtale om temaer tilknyttet livsmestring, og at den gir mulighet til å la elevene enten kjenne seg igjen i eller sette seg inn i en karakter sitt liv. Studien viser også at det å bruke skjønnlitteratur i arbeid med temaet livsmestring ikke er helt uproblematisk, fordi det blant annet avhenger av de didaktisk valgene som læreren gjør ved bruk av romaner i klasserommet
How loss of nature through clear-cutting forestry affects well-being
No full textThe United Nations declares that the global degradation of ecosystems represents a danger to human health. Deterioration of forests is one of several threats against the natural systems. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate people’s experiences with clear-cutting and how it had affected their health and well-being. Qualitative data from six people who valued forest ecosystems were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed in accordance with Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis (Graneheim, U. H. and Lundman, B. (2004) Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness. Nurse Education Today, 24, 105–112). Clear-cutting was not regarded as an environment-friendly forestry method. The interviewees described emotional reactions such as grief and poor mental well-being when beloved forests were clear-felled. The grief was partly because of a personal loss of place and recreation area that was important for their physical and emotional well-being. Another part was grief on behalf of nature itself, that is, the loss of habitats of animals and plants and a worsening of the global climate. The interviewees held that emotions related to loss of nature were insufficiently communicated in public discourse. They felt powerless and unable to influence forestry because of what they experienced as an impenetrable industry. Clear-cutting of forests may result in poor well-being among people who value forest ecosystems. More focus on planetary health is needed, including healthy public policy promoting forest management that considers people’s need for nature experiences and possible ecological grief when forests are totally and abruptly cleared.acceptedVersio