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Assessing student perceptions and use of instructor versus AI-generated feedback
No full textDespite the growing research interest in the use of large language models for feedback provision, it still remains unknown how students perceive and use AI-generated feedback compared to instructor feedback in authentic settings. To address this gap, this study compared instructor and AI-generated feedback in a Java programming course through an experimental research design where students were randomly assigned to either condition. Both feedback providers used the same assessment rubric, and students were asked to improve their work based on the feedback. The feedback perceptions scale and students' laboratory assignment scores were compared in both conditions. Results showed that students perceived instructor feedback as significantly more useful than AI feedback. While instructor feedback was also perceived as more fair, developmental and encouraging, these differences were not statistically significant. Importantly, students receiving instructor feedback showed significantly greater improvements in their lab scores compared to those receiving AI feedback, even after controlling for their initial knowledge levels. Based on the findings, we posit that AI models potentially need to be trained on data specific to educational contexts and hybrid feedback models that combine AI's and instructors' strengths should be considered for effective feedback practices.Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Feedback is crucial for student learning in programming education. Providing detailed personalised feedback is challenging for instructors. AI-powered solutions like ChatGPT can be effective in feedback provision. Existing research is limited and shows mixed results about AI-generated feedback. What this paper adds The effectiveness of AI-generated feedback was compared to instructor feedback. Both feedback types received positive perceptions, but instructor feedback was seen as more useful. Instructor feedback led to greater score improvements in the programming task. Implications for practice and/or policy AI should not be the sole source of feedback, as human expertise is crucial. AI models should be trained on context-specific data to improve feedback actionability. Hybrid feedback models should be considered for a scalable and effective approach
Characterization of whey protein concentrate-maltodextrin-pomegranate peel phenolic compounds ternary conjugate as a novel food-grade stabilizer for nano-pickering emulsion
No full textDeveloping effective food-grade stabilizers for nano-Pickering emulsions (NPEs) presents a considerable challenge, as conventional binary systems often exhibit limited functionality. The potential of ternary conjugates incorporating bioactive phenolic compounds remains underexplored. This study aimed to synthesize a novel stabilizer through covalent bonding of whey protein concentrate (WPC), maltodextrin (MD), and pomegranate peel extract (PPex) under alkaline conditions. Ultrasonication-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and their combination (UM) were employed to extract phenolic compounds from pomegranate peel. By optimizing MAE power (300-600 W), UAE power (200 W), and extraction times (5, 10, 20 min), the highest levels of phenolic compounds (421 +/- 0.13 mg Gallic acid/100 g dry peel) and antioxidant activity (90.54 +/- 0.481 %) were achieved using UAE at 200 W for 30 min combined with MAE at 300 W for 5 min. Ternary conjugates were formulated with varying concentrations of PPex (0.04 %, 0.08 %, and 0.12 %). Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the interactions between WPC, MD, and PPex. NPEs prepared with ternary conjugates containing 0.12 % PPex exhibited superior stability, enhanced antioxidant activity, and reduced release of free fatty acids during in vitro digestion. Furthermore, the emulsion demonstrated a progressively organized network microstructure, contributing to improved dispersion stability. This study underscores the potential of a ternary conjugate with 0.12 % PPex to enhance NPE stability, presenting a novel approach to developing stable food-grade NPE for functional foods. Additionally, it adds value to pomegranate peel by forming natural protein-polysaccharide- phenolic compounds complex particles
Infections among adults hospitalized in intensive care after the 2023 earthquake in the southeastern part of Türkiye: a multi-center observational study
No full textBackgroundScarce evidence is available on the epidemiology of microbiologically proven clinical infections in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) after a great earthquake. The main aim of this study was to assess clinical infections and microbiological features in patients admitted to the ICU following the 2023 earthquake in the southeastern region of T & uuml;rkiye with a focus on the timing of culture positivity during their ICU stay. The secondary objectives included determining antibiotic susceptibility patterns, identifying the types of antibiotics administered upon ICU admission, evaluating the appropriateness of antibiotic usage, assessing patient outcomes, and identifying factors that influence microbiologically confirmed clinical infections.MethodsA retrospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted on adult earthquake victims admitted to the ICU after the 2023 earthquake in southeastern T & uuml;rkiye. Patients were categorized into four groups on the basis of culture positivity timing at the 72-hour breakpoint and clinical characteristics were compared among these groups. Factors influencing microbiologically proven clinical infections were also analysed.ResultsA total of 107 earthquake-affected adults (58 females and 49 males, median [IQR] age: 37 [27-57] years) were analysed. Infection was present in 50.5% of the patients, predominantly with multidrug-resistant pathogens. Amputation (OR 5.30) and intermittent hemodialysis (OR 2.98) before ICU admission were independent predictors of infection.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that half of the patients admitted to the ICU with earthquake-related injuries had microbiologically proven clinical infections, highlighting the early presence of multidrug-resistant pathogens
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND GAIT CHARACTERISTICS AND GAIT PERFORMANCE OF CHILDREN WITH DUCHENNE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
No full textPurpose: Obesity is a common problem in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and adversely affects disease progression. This study aimed to investigate the relation between Body Mass Index (BMI) and gait characteristics and gait performance in patients with DMD. Material and Methods: Weight and height were measured to calculate BMI. BMI z-scores were used to categorise weight. Height, weight, and BMI were standardised to sex- and age-corrected z-scores based on the Turkish population. The gait characteristics were evaluated with the Gait Assessment Scale for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD-GAS) and Quality and Independence of Gait Classification Scale for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (QIGSDMD). The gait performance was assessed by the 6-minute walk test and the 10-meter walk/run test. The correlation between body composition and gait parameters was analysed. Results: Eighty-six children with DMD were included in the study. Among the participants, 40.7% had a BMI above the normal range. There were moderate correlations between DMD-GAS and height, weight, and BMI and moderate correlations between QIGS-DMD and height, weight, and BMI (p<0.01). Conclusion: The current findings revealed that an increase in BMI affects the characteristics, quality, and independence of gait in children with DMD, highlighting the need for regular monitoring and timely intervention
<i>In Vivo</i> Investigation of the Effects of Nonylphenol on the Pituitary-Adrenal Axis and Pineal Gland in Male Rats
No full textThe pineal gland secretes melatonin, which regulates various physiological processes; damage to this gland disrupts these functions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nonylphenol on the pineal gland and the pituitary-adrenal axis, which is associated with this system. The study was initiated using Wistar albino male rats on their postnatal 21st day, a critical developmental stage for endocrine regulation. Nonylphenol was administered via oral gavage at doses of 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg/day, while bisphenol-A was given at 50 mg/kg/day as a positive control. At the end of the treatment period, liver, kidney, pituitary, pineal and adrenal tissues were examined histopathologically. Hormone levels were analysed in serum samples. Significant changes in adrenocorticotropic hormone, melatonin and aldosterone levels were detected in hormone analyses. In contrast, no differences in corticosterone and glucose levels were detected. Histopathological findings showed structural changes in tissues. The effects of nonylphenol on the pituitary-adrenal axis and melatonin vary depending on the experimental protocols employed. However, it is clear that nonylphenol and bisphenol A have negative effects on the pituitary-adrenal axis, pineal gland, liver and kidney. In conclusion, future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects and developing environmentally friendly strategies to eliminate nonylphenol and bisphenol-A contamination
Effect of Doxorubicin-Loaded Tetraborate Nanoparticles on HUVEC Behavior for Tumor Angiogenesis
No full textThe Relationship Between Impulse Control, Emotional and Cognitive Regulation Mechanisms and Heart Rate Variability
No full textObjectives: The study aims to compare heart rate variability (HRV) in borderline personality disorder (BPD) with healthy individuals and to investigate the relationships between HRV parameters and impulsivity, emotion regulation, and neurocognitive performances. Method: Twenty-one female patients with the diagnosis of BPD and twenty healthy women were enrolled in this study. All participants were assessed by a structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders and the Minnesota Impulse Control Disorder Interview Scale. They were asked to fill out a sociodemographic information form, a Borderline Personality Inventory, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11, the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale, and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. The trial-making test, the Wisconsin card sorting test, the verbal fluency test, the Stroop testTABG form, and the continuous performance test were applied. Holter recordings were taken from the participants at rest and while they watched emotion-evoking videos, and HRV parameters were calculated. Results: While watching neutral and fear videos, the low-frequency band/ high-frequency band ratio (LF/HF) was found to be higher in the patient group compared to the control group, and no difference was found in the other parameters. A number of differences in terms of impulse control, affect regulation, and neurocognitive skills have been determined (p<0.05). However, there was no correlation between HRV and self-report scales and neurocognitive test scores. Conclusion: Contrary to our hypothesis, HRV is found to be similar between BPD patients and healthy subjects. HRV was not associated with impulse control, affect regulation or cognitive functions
INVESTIGATION OF THE IMPACT OF LYMPHEDEMA SEVERITY ON FUNCTIONALITY, ANXIETY-DEPRESSION, AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH LOWER LIMB LYMPHEDEMA
No full textCircadian rhythm and aryl hydrocarbon receptor crosstalk in bone marrow adipose tissue and implications in leukemia
No full textLeukemic cells modulate the bone marrow microenvironment to enhance their survival. Lipolysis in bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has emerged as a critical factor supporting leukemic cell survival, yet understanding its primary role in leukemia development remains limited. Fanconi anemia (FA), characterized by a predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and hypersensitivity to environmental toxins, is a transitional model for studying leukemic transformation. & Idot;ntegrated multi-omics analyses were conducted on BMAT-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) from healthy donors (HD), AML, and FA patients. These analyses revealed intricate interactions among genes, metabolites, and lipids. Particularly noteworthy were the effects observed following the inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling by StemRegenin1 (SR1). BMAT-MSCs showed increased expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes in FA and AML, suggesting a potential shift towards cancer-associated fibroblasts in the dysregulated marrow microenvironment. Identification of potential circadian rhythm biomarkers (NPAS2, PER2, BHLHE40, PER3, CIART) in BMAT-MSCs indicates a link between related lipid metabolism genes (e.g., PTGS1, PIK3R1) and SR1 treatment, implicating them in lipolysis processes. Dysregulation of circadian rhythm-related genes (CIART, BHLHE40, NPAS2) in AML BMAT-MSCs, along with changes in circulating lipid metabolites like palmitate suggests their role in shaping the leukemia microenvironment. Upregulation of FABP5 and CD36 suggests a novel molecular mechanism involving FABP5 in AhR-mediated circadian regulation and identifies CD36 as a potential partner for FABP5 in BMAT-MSCs. Overall, this study unveils the interplay between AhR signaling, circadian rhythm, and the leukemia microenvironment in BMAT-MSCs, offering new insights into leukemia pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities
