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What is the Level of Language Development of Children at Risk of Developmental Language Disorder 2 Years Later?
No full textBackground: This study investigates the language development of children at risk for developmental language disorder (DLD) 2 years after initial assessment and evaluates the impact of parental training on language outcomes. Methods: Sixteen children (9 boys and 7 girls) who were at risk for DLD 2 years ago and whose parents were trained after the initial assessment were re-evaluated. During the study period, children’s language development was evaluated using the Denver II Developmental Screening Test and the Turkish Adaptation of the Test of Early Language Development (TEDIL). Parents’ perceptions of their children’s language skills were also assessed. Results: At the second evaluation, 31.25% of the children were diagnosed with DLD, while 68.75% reached a normal language development level. TEDIL test results showed a significant increase in expressive and overall spoken language scores in children without DLD. Parents reported that their children’s overall levels of communication, expression, and intelligibility increased significantly over 2 years. Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that some of the children at risk of DLD were diagnosed with DLD after 2 years. Long-term follow-ups of children at risk of DLD were also observed. Early parent training is beneficial in supporting language development in children at risk for DLD, emphasizing the importance of early intervention
Developing and Evaluating an Adolescent-Focused Mobile App to Combat Cyberbullying: A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textPrevious studies revealed that cyberbullying is a common problem among adolescents and has severe effects on their mental health. Mobile-based digital tools in the fight against cyberbullying may provide self-help opportunities for adolescents. A self-help mobile application based on the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy perspective, gamification techniques, and psycho-education aspect and a face-to-face anti-cyberbullying program were developed in the present study. A randomized controlled trial was employed to compare the efficacy of the mobile app and the anti-cyberbullying program by including 75 adolescents in three conditions (i.e., 25 participants in the mobile app group, 25 in the anti-cyberbullying group, and 25 in the wait-list). The study's findings indicated that the mobile app and anti-cyberbullying program were effective in combating cyberbullying. There were no statistically significant differences between these two interventions. Moderator analyses also revealed that the effect of the interventions can be generalized across demographics (i.e., gender, age, grade level, and the internet usage) rather than depending on one subgroup. The present study suggests that self-help mobile-based interventions could serve as a non-stigmatizing, easily accessible, and preventive tool in the fight against cyberbullying
Metabolomic Profiling Reveals Distinct Signatures in Primary and Secondary Polycythemia
No full textBackground/Objectives: The differential diagnosis between primary polycythemia vera (PV) and secondary polycythemia (SP) presents significant clinical challenges owing to substantial phenotypic overlap. This investigation utilized untargeted metabolomic approaches to elucidate disease-specific metabolic perturbations and evaluate the metabolic consequences of cytoreductive therapeutic interventions. Methods: Plasma specimens obtained from PV patients (n = 40) and SP patients (n = 25) underwent comprehensive metabolomic profiling utilizing liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) platforms. Multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis (PCA), were employed in conjunction with pathway enrichment analyses to characterize disease-associated metabolic dysregulation. Additionally, receiving treatment (tPV) (n = 25) and not receiving treatment (ntPV) (n = 15) PV patients were compared to assess therapeutic metabolic effects. Results: Comprehensive metabolomic analysis identified 67 significantly altered metabolites between PV and SP patients, with 36 upregulated and 31 downregulated in PV. Key upregulated metabolites in PV included thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 3-sulfinoalanine, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide, and protoporphyrin IX, while 4-hydroxyretinoic acid and deoxyuridine were notably downregulated. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed disruptions in taurine, glutamate, nicotinate, and cysteine metabolism in PV. ntPV patients exhibited higher glucose and octanoyl-CoA levels compared to treated patients, indicating the normalization of glucose and fatty acid metabolism with cytoreductive therapy. ntPV was also associated with altered B-vitamin metabolism, including decreased nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide and increased nicotinamide ribotide levels. Cross-comparison analysis revealed overlapping pathway enrichment in glutamate metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and cysteine metabolism between both comparisons. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that PV and SP exhibit fundamentally distinct metabolic signatures, providing novel insights into disease pathogenesis and potential diagnostic biomarkers. The identification of oxidative stress signatures, disrupted energy metabolism, and altered B-vitamin cofactor pathways distinguishes PV from SP at the molecular level. Cytoreductive therapy significantly normalizes metabolic dysregulation, particularly glucose and nucleotide metabolism, validating current therapeutic approaches while revealing broader systemic treatment effects. The metabolic signatures identified, particularly the combination of deoxyuridine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and oxidative stress metabolites, may serve as complementary diagnostic tools to traditional morphological and molecular approaches. These findings advance our understanding of myeloproliferative neoplasm pathophysiology and provide a foundation for developing metabolically targeted therapeutic strategies and precision medicine approaches in PV management
ENGELLİLİK VE GÜNDELİK DİRENİŞ: SAĞLAMCILIĞA KARŞI TAKTİKLER
No full textÇalışma engelli bireylerin gündelik hayatta sağlamcılığın görünümlerine karşı geliştirdikleri mikro-politik direnişleri incelemektedir. Engelli bireylerin gündelik hayatta karşılaştıkları sağlamcılık biçimleriyle nasıl mücadele ettikleri araştırmanın temel sorunsalını oluşturmaktadır. Engelli bireylerin sağlamcılığa karşı taktik adı verilen gündelik direniş biçimleri icra ettikleri ve bu taktiklerin sadece gündelik var olma mücadelesinin bir aracı olmakla kalmayıp, makro-politik anlamda toplumsal dönüşümlere yönelik potansiyeller içerdiği düşünülmektedir. Zayıfların silahı olan taktiklerin karşısında egemen yapıların baskıcı pratikleri ise strateji olarak kavramsallaştırılmakta. Bu dikotomi çerçevesinde çalışmada baskıcı ve ayrımcı bir ideoloji olan sağlamcılığın gündelik hayattaki görünümlerini strateji kavramı ile değerlendirmektedir. Araştırmanın kuramsal çerçevesini Michel de Certeau’nun gündelik hayat ve direnişe dair kavram ve düşünceleri oluşturmaktadır. Certeau, stratejiyi tahakkümcü yapıların mekânlar üzerindeki kontrolü ile ilişkilendirirken, taktikleri bu mekânlara zamanla sızarak fırsat anlarını değerlendiren gündelik direniş biçimleri olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, engelli bireylerin icra ettikleri taktikler, sağlamcı düzenin mekânlarında ona karşı yürütülen mikro-politik direniş biçimleri olarak ele alınmıştır. Fenomenolojik yöntemle yürütülen bu araştırmada, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle elde edilen veriler tematik analizle incelenmiş ve sonuçta 11 farklı taktik türü tespit edilmiştir.This study examines the micro-political resistances developed by individuals with disabilities against the manifestations of ableism in everyday life. The primary research question focuses on how individuals with disabilities contend with the forms of ableism they encounter in their everyday experiences. It is argued that the everyday forms of resistance, referred to as tactics, enacted by individuals with disabilities are not only instruments for their daily struggle for existence but also contain potential for broader socio-political transformations. In contrast, the oppressive practices of dominant structures are conceptualized as strategies. Within this dichotomy, the study evaluates the manifestations of ableism, a dominant and discriminatory ideology, in everyday life through the concept of strategy. The theoretical framework of the study is based on Michel de Certeau's concepts and ideas regarding everyday life and resistance. While Certeau associates strategy with the control of dominant structures over space, he defines tactics as forms of everyday forms of resistance that infiltrate these spaces over time by seizing opportunities. In this context, the tactics employed by individuals with disabilities are considered as micro-political resistance practices enacted within the spaces of the ableist order. In this phenomenological study, data obtained through semi-structured interviews were analyzed thematically, resulting in the identification of 11 distinct types of tactics
Psychometric Properties of Turkish Instruments Assessing Social Cognition in Psychiatry and Neurology: A Systematic Review 2
No full textObjective: Social cognitive processes are shaped by cultural norms, necessitating cultural adaptation and psychometric validation. This review systematically examines Turkish tools used to assess social cognition in neurology and psychiatry, summarizing their procedures and psychometric properties. Method: Following PRISMA 2020, we searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and YOKSIS for studies up to May 2024. Using SR-Accelerator's Polyglot, we developed database-specific keywords and applied a PICOS-based search strategy. From 3,115 identified records, 157 studies met inclusion criteria. Among the Turkish tools used to assess social cognition in psychiatric disorders or neurological diseases, those with established validity and reliability, we extracted (i) task characteristics and (ii) psychometric properties. Results: A total of 31 tests and 15 scales were used across 157 studies, covering 37 diagnoses, 9 studies with family members, and 2 with high-risk groups. Psychometric properties were reported for 13 tests (41.9%) and 8 scales (53.3%). Four tools were developed in Turkish: The Humor Comprehension and Appreciation Test, the Test of Perception of Affect via Nonverbal Cues, the Dokuz Eyl & uuml;l Theory of Mind Index, and the Child-Adolescent KA-SI Empathic Tendency Scale. The most frequently used test was the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (52.2%), while the Dokuz Eyl & uuml;l Theory of Mind Index (45.8%) was the most used scale. The Faux Pas Test and the Observable Social Cognition Scale had stronger psychometric support. Internal consistency, test-retest, and inter-rater reliability were assessed in 75%, 55%, and 30% of tools, respectively, while various validity measures ranged from 45% (known-group validity) to 5% (ecological validity). No test assessed social perception. The only tool that uses movie-based material in Turkish was the Test of Perception of Affect Via Nonverbal Cues. Conclusion: This systematic review provides a comprehensive approach to Turkish social cognition tools in neuropsychiatry. Nearly half lack robust psychometric validation, and there is a critical gap in Turkish tools measuring social perception
