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Statistical analysis of regional STEC gradient trends for midlatitude ionosphere
No full textIn this study, the gradients of Total Electron Content (TEC) for a midlatitude region are estimated and grouped with respect to the distance between neighboring stations, time periods within a day, and satellite directions. Annual medians of these gradients for quiet days are computed as templates. The metric distances (L2N) and Symmetric Kullback-Leibler Distances (SKLD) are obtained between the templates and the daily gradient series. The grouped histograms are fitted to the prospective Probability Density Functions (PDF). The method is applied to the Slant Total Electron Content (STEC) estimates from the Turkish National Permanent GPS Network (TNPGN-Active) for 2015. The highest gradients are observed in the east-west axis with a maximum of 25 mm/km during a geomagnetic storm. The maximum differences from the gradient templates occur for neighboring stations within 100-130 km distance away from each other, during night hours, and for regions bordering the Black Sea and the Mediterranean in the northeast and southeast of Turkey. The empirical PDFs of the stationpair gradients are predominantly Weibull-distributed. The mean values of Weibull PDFs in all station groups are between 1.2 and 1.8 mm/km, with an increase during noon and afternoon hours. The standard deviations of the gradient PDFs generally increase during night hours. The algorithm will form a basis for quantifying the stochastic variations of the spatial rate of change of TEC trends in midlatitude regions, thus supplementing reliable and accurate regional monitoring of ionospheric variability. (c) 2024 Editorial office of Geodesy and Geodynamics. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Oropharyngeal functions are related to physical activity level and quality of life in older adults
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between oropharyngeal functions and physical activity levels and quality of life in older adults. The Clinical Frailty Scale and Simple Questionnaire to Rapidly Diagnose Sarcopenia were used to assess frailty. Oropharyngeal functions were assessed using the Test of Masticating and Swallowing Solids (TOMASS) and Yale Swallowing Protocol (YSP). The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) was used to assess physical activity, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) to assess quality of life. There was a negative correlation between TOMASS and work-related activities (p = 0.024) and between YSP and total score and household activities (p < 0.05). There were negative correlations between role-physical and number of bites (p = 0.034) and total time of TOMASS (p < 0.001), and between role-emotional and number of bites, total time of TOMASS and YSP (p < 0.05). In conclusion, poor oropharyngeal function is associated with reduced physical activity and poorer quality of life in older adults. (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies
Dark side of the shoulder: suprascapular and axillary nerve compressions
No full textBackgroundThe suprascapular and axillary nerves can be subject to entrapment due to both their anatomical courses and their anatomical relationships with surrounding anatomical structures around shoulder. These entrapments were previously considered as a diagnosis of exclusion. However, today these pathologies can be diagnosed as primary. The most common complaints of patients are pain and sometimes weakness. The clinician's suspicion is very important in making diagnosis. The patient's history, duration of symptoms, and information such as the movements in which the complaints increase should be questioned carefully and in detail. In physical examination, symmetrical evaluation of both shoulders can provide important information. In addition, cervical and brachial plexus pathologies should be kept in mind. According to the suprascapular and axillary nerve innervations, muscle atrophy should be evaluated during inspection. Range of motion and neurological examination around shoulder should be performed. Since these entrapments can be seen together with rotator cuff tears and labrum pathologies etc., these additional pathologies should also be targeted during evaluation. The evaluation should be expanded with imaging methods such as plain radiographs, ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, electrodiagnostic studies and local anaesthetic injections to the entrapment area. There is no definitive method to diagnose these pathologies. As a result of all these evaluations, a diagnosis can be made. There is no consensus on treatment. In isolated entrapment cases where there are no additional surgical pathologies such as space-occupying lesions, non-operative treatment is primarily recommended. It is generally recommended to try non-operative treatment for at least six months. Surgical treatment is recommended in cases where non-operative treatment fails or in cases where there are additional pathologies requiring surgery or in cases where there is extrinsic compression such as sapce-occupying lesions. In the decision and choice of surgical treatment, it is very important to determine the aetiology precisely. Surgical treatment can be performed open and arthroscopically. Various additional arthroscopic portals and techniques have been described. However, there is no clear consensus on the superiority of these treatments over each other. Although physical therapy is recommended after surgical treatment, there is no consensus on this issue in the literature.AimThis review aims to summarize the diagnosis and management of suprascapular and axillary nerve entrapments in athletes, focusing on clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and current controversies
Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles Affect the In Vitro Digestion of Sodium Caseinate but Not the Formation and Functionality of Bioactive Peptides
No full textSilicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are among the most commonly utilized inorganic NPs in the food industry because of their ability to enhance the quality of a variety of foods. In the present study, the impact of SiO2 on the NaCN structure and digestibility was examined. The study also aimed to ascertain the bioactive peptide formation as affected by the interactions between SiO2 and NaCN. The CD spectrum signals in the 250-290-nm region were altered in the presence of SiO2 at 14 mg/mL, indicating an alteration in the tertiary structure of NaCN. Additionally, the hydrodynamic size of NaCN micelles increased nearly 2-fold upon interaction with SiO2. Gathering of casein micelles was observed in the presence of SiO2, especially at high NP concentrations. At the end of the in vitro digestion simulation, SiO2 led to a reduced proteolysis rate of NaCN from 8.3 mM Leu to 6.9 mM Leu in the stomach and from 17.4 mM Leu to 15.3 mM Leu in the intestine, as revealed by the OPA assay. The observed phenomenon is likely attributed to the aggregation of sodium caseinate following its interaction with SiO2 NPs, as evidenced by electron microscope imaging. However, there were no significant alterations in the overall peptide profile. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and ACE-inhibitory properties of the < 3-kDa peptide fraction remained unaffected by SiO2, which is consistent with a similar peptide profile
Medication adherence and attitudes in adolescent psychiatry: Key influences
No full textAdolescents with mental illnesses often struggle with adhering to prescribed medication regimens. This study investigates how patient perceptions influence medication adherence among adolescents with psychiatric disorders. It also examines the role of patient characteristics and medication-related factors on adherence and attitudes. The Pediatric Medication Adherence Scale (PMAS)- 9 questions and the Pediatric Attitude toward Medication Scale (PAMS)- 18 questions, two reliable self-report scales designed for the adolescent population, were used to assess negative adherence behaviors and patients' perceptions of medication. Statistical analysis examined correlations between adherence, attitudes, and patient characteristics. The scales were administered to 288 adolescents with psychiatric disorders, and a significant correlation was found between concern scores and attitudes toward medication (r = 0.886, p < .05). Patients receiving monotherapy demonstrated lower concern scores and more positive attitudes (p < .05). Experiencing side effects was significantly linked to reduced medication adherence and more negative attitudes toward treatment. Patients with eating disorders demonstrated more negative attitudes, while those using antidepressant-antipsychotic combinations demonstrated more negative attitudes than those using stimulants. This study emphasizes the necessity of addressing critical factors that influence medication adherence and attitudes toward psychiatric medication among adolescents with psychiatric disorders. In particular, it highlights the importance of considering concern perception, managing side effects, and evaluating polypharmacy to optimize pharmacotherapy in this population
Follow-up contributions for collaboratively accomplishing peer feedback in video-mediated L2 interactions
No full textA micro-level analysis of second language (L2) peer feedback interactions specifically aimed at improving interactional abilities is lacking. Drawing on multimodal Conversation Analysis to examine 20 h of screen-recorded interactions of L2 learners in a video-mediated study group setting, this study demonstrates that in the collaborative accomplishment of L2 feedback in talk-in-interaction, peers' follow-up contributions expand others' feedback turns and open up space for further sequences of talk simultaneously. The follow-up contributions are realized through four interactional practices: (1) advising, (2) reformulating, (3) counterclaiming and (4) clarification-seeking. It is through such follow-up contributions that L2 learners change speakership, build turns contingent on previous contributions, perform diverse social actions, from resisting to clarifying, display their understanding and contribute to the ongoing feedback talk. We argue that being able to produce follow-up contributions is a crucial part of one's L2 Interactional Competence (IC) and becomes a valuable interactional practice in securing intersubjectivity among the participants. The findings inform L2 language pedagogies about increasing learners' sensitivity to the intricacies of dialogic and collaborative feedback talk from a micro-analytic perspective
Long-term maintenance-related complications of brachiocephalic vein cannulations in neonates: A retrospective evaluation
No full textBackgroundNeonates are relatively prone to immediate, early, and late complications related to central venous cannulation (CVC). Ultrasound-guided brachiocephalic vein (BCV) cannulation has proven to be safe in neonates. Although studies addressed the immediate and early complications of CVC via BCV in neonates, few explored long-term maintenance-related complications.AimsTo evaluate the incidences of long-term maintenance-related complications including central line-associated blood stream infection (CLABSI), central line-associated thrombosis (CLAT), and mechanical complications (CLAMC) of nontunneled BCV cannulation in neonates and their relationship with patient and catheter-related factors.MethodsThis study included BCV cannulations of neonates with postconceptional age of <= 44 weeks performed between January 2018 and January 2023. The incidences of complications were determined. Correlations between complications and postconceptional age, body weight, indication for catheter placement, the size and side of the catheter, as well as catheter dwell time were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 89 BCV cannulations performed in 71 neonates. The incidences were 19.3 [95%CI: 12.88-28.76] total complications, 5.9 [95%CI: 2.84-12.06] CLABSI, 3.4 [95%CI: 1.30-8.58] CLAT and 10.1 [95%CI: 5.76-17.49] CLAMC in 1000 catheter days. There were 23 (25.8%) total complications; 7 (7.9%) were CLABSI, 4 (4.5%) were CLAT, and 12 (13.5%) were CLAMC. The multivariate analysis revealed that prolonged dwell time was associated with high incidence of total complications [OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00-1.14, p = .047] and the catheter of smaller size (3F in this study) was associated with higher incidence of CLABSI [OR: 8.91, 95% CI: 1.03-77.45, p = .047].ConclusionIn this study, the prolonged dwell time and smaller sized catheter was found to be independent predictors of total complications and CLABSI, respectively. The independent predictive effects of postconceptional age and body weight should be addressed in larger studies as potential risk factors
Clinical characterization of NOD2 variants in patients with common variable immunodeficiency
No full textMortality in patients with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia
No full textPurpose: Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome that occurs in the perinatal period and is characterized by altered consciousness or seizures, respiratory depression, and hypotension. The aim of this study was to evaluate mortality in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy patients receiving therapeutic hypothermia. Materials and Methods: The study included 97 hypoxicUnit. The cases were evaluated for mortality and were divided into two groups: group 1 (n: 9, non-survivors) and complications of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, APGAR scores, blood support, and laboratory parameters were evaluated for mortality. the risk of death. Conclusion: Mortality rates were significantly higher cases that developed Meconium aspiration syndrome associated hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy than hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy cases without meconium aspiration syndrome. A low APGAR score, increased number of intubation days, acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia, and need for fresh frozen plasma were associated with a high risk of mortality in infants receiving therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and the presence of meconium aspiration syndrome significantly increased this risk