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Addressing cyberbullying in adolescents: A comprehensive meta-analytic evaluation of intervention programs
No full textCyberbullying can be considered one malady of our time. This meta-analysis investigates examines the effectiveness of intervention programs in reducing cyberbullying victimization (CV) and cyberbullying perpetration (CP) among adolescents. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Global (PQDT), Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The search yielded 30 studies (k(CV) = 30; k(CP) = 31) for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that the programs significantly reduced both CV (g = -0.331, p < .001) and CP (g = -0.454, p < .001) among adolescents. Moderator analyses revealed that gender composition and study design significantly moderated the effectiveness of interventions for both CV and CP. Specifically, programs involving samples with more than 50 % girls and those utilizing quasi-experimental designs showed greater effectiveness. In addition, active control groups and longer intervention durations significantly enhanced program outcomes for CP, although these factors did not significantly influence CV outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of participant characteristics, methodological rigor, and dosage in optimizing intervention success. Implications for researchers, educators, and mental health professionals developing cyberbullying intervention programs for adolescents are discussed
Coal properties of Carboniferous Kurtköy coals (Zonguldak, NW Türkiye): Emphasis on rank, provenance of minerals and hydrocarbon generation potential
No full textLate Carboniferous coal seams in the Zonguldak Basin (NW T & uuml;rkiye) underwent several tectonic movements after the Late Permian; hence, these seams exhibit rank variations. This study presents initial insights into coal rank, mineralogical compositions, and hydrocarbon generation potential of Serpukhovian-Bashkirian coals within the Alacaa & gbreve;z & imath; Formation from the south-easternmost part of the Basin. The examined seams are of bituminous C rank, and Tmax (442-445 degrees C) and HI (221-288mg HC/g TOC) values indicate that they are at the set of oil generation. However, the low PI(0.01-0.02), BI (0.03-0.06), and QI (2.2-2.9) values and the possible presence of preserved cytoplasm spore-filling within the sporinite grains may indicate that the studied coals have only gas-generation potential. The results also show that the studied coals display relatively lower random vitrinite reflectance (%Rr 0.75-0.82%) and calculated Tpeak values (113-123 degrees C) using %Rr and micro-Raman spectra than their counterparts in the northern parts of the Basin (%Rr 1.18-1.52% and 173-206 degrees C). This difference seems to be related to the shallower burial depths of the studied coals or to the fact that they experienced relatively lower maximum attained temperatures than the northern parts of the Basin. Furthermore, the coal petrography and SEM-EDS data also suggest that the post-coalification tectonic deformation in the study area created space for circulating Ca-and Si-rich solutions within the coal seams and controlled epigenetic mineralization. Nevertheless, the redox conditions and clastic influx into the palaeomires also controlled syngenetic mineral formations, similar to the other parts of the Basin
Yükseköğretimde Yabancı Dil Eğitiminin Örgütlenmesi: Yabancı Diller Yüksekokulları İçin Bir Örgütlenme Modeli Önerisi Organizing Foreign Language Education in Higher Education: A Proposed Organizational Model for Schools of Foreign Languages
No full textÖZ Bu makalenin amacı, seçili üniversitelerde yabancı diller yüksekokullarının örgüt yapılarını inceleyerek, bu okullarda sunulan akademik ve idari hizmetlerin etkili bir şekilde sunulması için bir akademik örgütlenme modeli önerisinde bulunmaktır. Üniversitelerde yabancı dil eğitimi, rektörlüklere veya çeşitli fakültelere bağlı bölüm başkanlıkları, koordinatörlükler, yabancı dil programları veya hazırlık okullarında sunulmakla birlikte, son dönemlerde yabancı diller yüksekokulları çatısı altında sunulması yaygınlaşmaktadır. Üniversitelerde yabancı dil öğretiminin tarihçesine bakıldığında yabancı diller yüksekokullarının kurulması bir dönüm noktası olarak değerlendirilebilir. Yüksekokulların hizmetlerin etkili sunulabilmesi adına kanun ve yönetmeliklere uygun olarak doğru örgüt yapılarının oluşturulması bir gereksinimdir. Bu amaçla, çalışmada Yükseköğretim Kurulu (YÖK) tarafından araştırma üniversitesi olarak belirlenen 20 üniversite bünyesindeki en köklü 10 yabancı diller yüksekokulunun akademik ve idari örgüt yapıları incelenmiştir. Bunun sonucunda, yabancı diller yüksekokullarının idari örgütlenmelerinin büyük oranda benzerlik göstermelerine karşın akademik örgütlenmede çeşitlilik ve farklılık olduğu görülmüş; özellikle yabancı dilde hazırlık öğrenci sayıları 1500’den fazla yüksekokullar için bir akademik örgütlenme modeli önerisinde bulunulmuştur. Anahtar Sözcükler: Üniversitelerde yabancı dil eğitimi, Yabancı diller yüksekokulu, Akademik örgütlenme ABSTRACT The purpose of the article is to propose an academic organization model for schools of foreign languages at Turkish universities based on the analysis of the existing organizational structures of sampled schools to contribute to the effective delivery of academic and administrative services. While certain foreign language programs, units, departments provide foreign language education at Turkish universities, it has recently become much more common to offer it at schools of foreign languages. With this respect, the establishment of schools of foreign languages can be considered to be a turning point in the foreign language education at Turkish universities. In order to carry out foreign language education effectively, these schools need clearly defined and strong organizational structures that comply with the relevant laws and regulations. In this study, the organizational structures of academic and administrative units of the 10 oldest schools of foreign languages among 20 universities designated as research universities by the Council of Higher Education (CoHE) were sampled and studied. The results show that while the organizational structures of administrative units exhibit a high degree of uniformity, there is a significant diversity and variation in the academic organization structures. In addition, an organizational model is proposed for the academic structures of schools of foreign languages with a student population of 1500 and more at their preparatory classes. Keywords: Foreign language education at universities, School of foreign languages, Organizational structures</p
A Meta-Analysis of Gamification's Impact on Student Motivation in K-12 Education
No full textGamification is widely used to enhance student learning and engagement. This meta-analysis focused on experimental research examining the effects of gamification on student motivation in K-12. Studies were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and ProQuest, resulting in 279 articles screened, with 31 meeting the inclusion criteria. The pooled effect size (k = 41) for gamification was g = 0.654 (95% CI [0.442, 0.866]) under a random effects model, with high heterogeneity observed (I2 = 88.92). Unlike previous meta-analyses, this study simultaneously compared gamification's effects on intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation and analyzed grade-level differences across primary, secondary, and high school students. Gamification had a greater impact on extrinsic motivation (g = 0.713, 95% CI [0.152, 1.275]) than intrinsic motivation (g = 0.638, 95% CI [0.239, 1.036]). Additionally, gamification was the most effective among secondary school students (g = 1.015, 95% CI [0.639, 1.391]), followed by high school students (g = 0.821, 95% CI [0.523, 1.119]) and primary school students (g = 0.309, 95% CI [0.033, 0.584]). These findings provide developmentally tailored, practical insights for designing effective gamified learning environments
Effects of virtual reality and layered tooth model training on manual dexterity in preclinical dental education
No full textBackground Manual dexterity is a critical component of dental education, especially during the early stages of preclinical training. Recent advancements in simulation technology, such as virtual reality (VR) haptic simulators and layered tooth models such as Caviprep (hereafter referred to as the layered model), offer promising tools to enhance psychomotor skills. This study aimed to explore their combined and individual effects on manual skills development in novice dental students. We hypothesized that combined training with VR and layered models would result in greater improvements in manual skills than either modality alone or conventional methods. Methods Forty-eight second-semester dental students were randomly assigned to four groups: Group 1 (the layered model + VR), Group 2 (the layered model only), Group 3 (VR only), and Group 4 (Control; extracted teeth only). All students received identical theoretical instruction and standardized demonstrations for occlusal amalgam cavity preparation. Manual dexterity was assessed using a standardized evaluation form completed by three blinded evaluators. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 23.0, with significance set at p 0.05). Conclusions The integration of VR simulators and layered models enhances depth control during cavity preparation exercises in early dental training. These tools may provide valuable benefits in developing the manual skills essential for clinical competence
Çevresel kirleticilerin sağlık riski değerlendirmesi-literatür taraması
No full textSağlık Riski Değerlendirmesi (SRD), çevresel kirleticilerin insan sağlığı üzerindeki olası etkilerinibelirlemek ve bu riskleri yönetmek için kullanılan bilimsel bir yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışmada, sağlık riskianalizi: tehlike tanımlama, doz-tepki değerlendirmesi, maruziyet değerlendirmesi ve risk karakterizasyonuolmak üzere dört aşamada açıklanmıştır. Tehlike tanımlama aşamasında, belirli bir kimyasal maddenininsan sağlığına zarar verip vermediği belirlenmektedir. Doz-tepki değerlendirmesi, belirli bir maruziyetseviyesinin insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek için yapılmaktadır. Maruziyetdeğerlendirmesinde, insanların çevresel kirleticilere ne kadar ve hangi yollarla maruz kaldığıincelenmektedir. Son aşama olan risk karakterizasyonunda ise elde edilen veriler birleştirilerek sağlıkriskleri niceliksel olarak belirlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada kriter hava kirleticilerinden olan partikül maddenin(PM) sağlık riski değerlendirmesi için lireratür taraması yapılmış ve yukarıda bahsedilen aşamalarınaçıklanmasında literatürde PM ile ilgili çalışmalara vurgu yapılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca risk değerlendirmesürecinde karşılaşılan belirsizlikler, kullanılan modeller ve veri eksiklikleri gibi faktörler de ele alınmıştır.Literatür taraması sonucunda, SRD’nin çevresel politikaların oluşturulmasında ve halk sağlığınınkorunmasında önemli bir araç olduğu, doğru ve kapsamlı analizlerin yapılabilmesi için güncel verikaynakları ve gelişmiş modelleme tekniklerinin kullanılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.</p
Ultrasound-Guided Interventions for Neuropathic Pain: A Narrative Pictorial Review
No full textNeuropathic pain presents a persistent therapeutic challenge, arising from diverse etiologies such as trigeminal neuralgia, postherpetic neuralgia, post-amputation pain, painful polyneuropathy, peripheral nerve injury pain, and painful radiculopathy. Given the limitations and side effects associated with pharmacologic treatments, interest in interventional therapies has surged. Herein, ultrasound guidance provides real-time, radiation-free visualization that enhances procedural accuracy and safety. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on ultrasound-guided techniques-including nerve blocks, pulsed radiofrequency, hydrodissection, and peripheral nerve stimulation-in the management of neuropathic pain. These minimally invasive approaches demonstrate potential in providing significant and durable pain relief, enhancing functional outcomes, and reducing reliance on systemic medications. Notably, much of the existing literature comprises small-scale or observational studies and larger randomized controlled trials are therefore essential to confirm efficacy, define optimal treatment parameters, and inform clinical guidelines for broader adoption
Nutrient profiling and degree of food processing of child-targeted packaged foods in Türkiye: An urgent call for policy action
No full textThis study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality and degree of processing of packaged foods and beverages marketed to children in T & uuml;rkiye using nutrient profiling models and the NOVA classification. A cross-sectional study was conducted by collecting packaging and label data from child-targeted food and beverage products available in grocery stores.The study was carried out in 23 grocery stores in Ankara, T & uuml;rkiye. A total of 775 packaged food and beverage products marketed to children aged >= 3 years were analyzed. The products were assessed for compliance with four different nutrient profile models (NPMs) and classified according to the NOVA food processing system. Findings indicate that 93.2% of products did not comply with the WHO NPM-2023 criteria and should not be marketed to children. Additionally, the majority of these products were classified as Nutri-Score groups D and E (70%) and ultra-processed (92.7%). Ultra-processed foods had a significantly lower nutritional quality (p < 0.001) according to the Nutri-Score. A significant difference was observed between NOVA classification and product categorization under the NPMs (p < 0.001). Most packaged foods and beverages marketed to children in T & uuml;rkiye are ultra-processed and nutritionally inadequate. According to WHO and other NPMs, these products should not be marketed to or consumed by children. There is an urgent need for policy interventions to restrict the marketing of unhealthy packaged foods targeted at children
Silver decorated magnetic MIL-100 composite: an efficient catalyst for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol
No full textMetal-organic frameworks provide advantages as supporting material due to their three-dimensional porous structures, high stability, porous structures, and high specific surface areas. In this study, the metal-organic framework "MIL 100" was synthesized in the presence of thioglycolic acid-coated magnetic core "Fe2O3@TGA" by using iron (III) as a metal node and trimesic acid as an organic binder. After polydopamine (PDA) coating of magnetic MOF structures, silver nanoparticles "Ag" were loaded onto magnetically separable support material "Fe2O3@TGA@MIL 100@PDA@Ag" and used for catalytic reduction of 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-Aminophenol (4-AP). The as-prepared catalysts were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, TGA, SEM, TEM, BET, and XPS techniques. TEM images confirmed that iron oxide nanoparticles between 30 and 50 nm were incorporated into the MOF structures and then modified with silver nanoparticles between 10 and 20 nm. The hybrid material, with a surface area of 148.46 m2/g and a pore size of 62.80 & Aring;, showed a saturation magnetization of 7.0 emu/g, which was sufficient for separation with an external magnet. Using Fe2O3@TGA@MIL100@PDA@Ag catalyst, reduction of 4-NP to 4-AP was finished in 5, 6, and 7 min for 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mM 4-NP concentrations, respectively. Additionally, it was observed that the reaction proceeded slowly in a dark environment but significantly faster under illumination. As a result, the Fe2O3@TGA@MIL100@PDA@Ag catalyst exhibited high catalytic activity and stability as well as reusability
