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Rebecca Oxford’s 50 Years of Contributions to Language Education and Related Fields: A Systematic Review
Get PDFThis article systematically reviews the quantity and quality of Rebecca L. Oxford’s publications over five decades of research and publication in language education and related fields. The first section portrays Oxford’s contributions in four thematic areas: language learning strategies, language teaching, psychology, and peace. For each theme, many of Oxford’s publications and ideas are presented. The second section is an overview of her career achievements, such as books published, courses taught, and academic honors. The third and the fourth sections present the systematic review. Specifically, the third section explains in detail the methodology used by Panahi and Mohebbi for their systematic review of Oxford’s work, while the fourth section presents results of the systematic review across 338 of her works (journal articles, book chapters, and books). Oxford’s personal response is the last section
Exploring the Significance of Teachers’ Funds of Knowledge in Language Teacher Learning
Get PDFThis article emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and considering teachers' funds of knowledge in the domain of language teacher learning. The study explores the concept of funds of knowledge in teacher learning by collecting data from a group of language teachers through written life stories, focus interviews, and individual interviews. The analysis reveals that family-based funds of knowledge influence how these teachers approach their teacher-learning process. Experiences with family, societal perceptions of teachers, and non-educational experiences have an impact not only on teachers' perceptions but also on their teaching practices. Teachers in this study emphasize the importance of taking courses to stay updated in their profession. They view these courses as instrumental in providing them with greater confidence in their work. Learning about methods, theories, and classroom management is considered a crucial asset for teachers, enhancing their teaching practice and instilling a sense of confidence. Understanding and valuing teachers' funds of knowledge can enhance the effectiveness of the teacher-learning process, providing a space for professional development where teachers can validate and utilize their knowledge. This understanding fosters a more inclusive and effective learning environment that caters to the diverse needs of teachers in their professional development process
Beyond Transfer: Language Processing in Bilinguals is Shaped by Competition and Regulation
Get PDFIn the history of psycholinguistics, there are traditional accounts that have been told about language learning and processing. These accounts revolve around the constraints imposed by the age of language learning and by universal principles that are assumed to be natively given. The contribution of Brian MacWhinney and his collaborators has been to challenge the fundamental principles on which these traditional accounts rest. By taking an emergentist approach that assumes that variation in learning will better inform foundational mechanisms than fixed constraints, they shifted the focus from language development in monolingual speakers to a broader consideration of cross-linguistic and cross-language contexts. We have been beneficiaries of this shift. In this paper, we describe research on bilingualism that examines two key mechanisms within the MacWhinney framework: Competition and transfer. We argue that what we have learned about bilingual language processing supports the central role of competition and its broad consequences. We claim that one of these consequences has been to reframe questions of transfer to consider the requirement that bilingual speakers regulate their two languages. The dynamic nature of cross-language interactions across languages and across varied language environments reflects the deep plasticity associated with language and its cognitive and neural bases
Chunking in the Second Language: Implications for Language Learning and Teaching
Get PDFAmong the various challenges that adult and other late language learners face on their journey to achieving nativelike proficiency, chunking has been identified as one of the most difficult tasks to master. Language users are able to derive and utilize chunks during language processing—both in the first (L1) and the second language (L2)—yet the extent to which the L2 learners utilize and benefit from chunking is not on a par with L1 speakers. L2 learners are generally less sensitive to the statistical regularities in the linguistic input and possess a smaller repertoire of multiword expressions, leaving them susceptible to slower real-time language processing, hampered comprehension during conversation, and distinct production errors. Drawing on insights from Brian MacWhinney's Unified Competition Model of L1 and L2 acquisition, this review examines these unique challenges in L2 chunking as a function of differences between L1 and L2 learning. According to the Unified Competition Model, the existence of deeply entrenched L1 linguistic representations may hinder effective L2 chunking by encouraging over-segmentation in favor of L1 transference at the lexical level and diverting the necessary attention away from the grammatical elements in prefabricated multiword units. Based on these observations, we offer practical suggestions for educators to facilitate chunking in L2 learners and bring them closer to nativelike fluency
The Impact of Digital Marketing on the Performance of Small and Medium–Sized Enterprises in North Macedonia
Get PDFThis research paper investigates the impact of digital marketing on the performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in North Macedonia. Digital marketing has emerged as a powerful tool for businesses to reach their target audience, enhance brand awareness, and increase sales revenue. However, the extent to which SMEs in North Macedonia have embraced digital marketing and the specific impact it has on their performance remains underexplored. Through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this study aims to shed light on the relationship between digital marketing strategies and SME performance indicators. The research methodology involves collecting data from a diverse sample of SMEs, analyzing the influence of digital marketing on outcomes such as sales revenue, customer acquisition, brand awareness, and so on. The findings of this study reveal that SMEs in North Macedonia are increasingly utilizing digital marketing strategies, with social media marketing and email marketing being the most used channels. Moreover, digital marketing is found to have a significant positive impact on SME performance, particularly in terms of increasing sales revenue and enhancing customer engagement. Overall, this research paper underscores the importance of digital marketing as a strategic tool for SMEs and provides valuable insights into the relationship between digital marketing initiatives and SME performance. It offers a foundation for future research in this area and emphasizes the need for continuous adaptation and innovation in the ever-evolving digital landscape
International Academic Mobility. A Study About the Assessment of Two Social Competencies: Leadership and Resilience
Get PDFThe objective of this qualitative study was to observe what importance is assigned by university doctors, that is, those who achieved the highest level of education, to two of these social competencies: Resilience and Leadership. The population was comprised of PhDs from Argentina and other countries who participated in internationalization programs in France. The hypothesis is that the highest level of education achieved, added to the immersion in another culture after having undergone a national process of selection before the mobility academic programme, could result in a greater valuation of the so-called social and management competencies. The assessment of Resilience and Leadership was observed through different techniques, specially the hierarchical evocations technique. The findings show a) Resilience is almost not mentioned despite the fact that the Emotional-Relational dimension enters the core of the representations of PhDs about the fundamental competencies to be developed by universities and companies in the field of hard and soft sciences; b) the same happens with Leadership. These results reveal the gap or distance between the University with respect to the needs of the scientific and productive system
Factors Influencing Buying Intentions of University Students in Mauritius Toward Online Shopping
Get PDFThis paper identifies the factors influencing the buying intentions of university students in Mauritius towards online shopping, and a model has been proposed accordingly. To assess the relationship between the determinants of online shopping and online shopping intention, four independent variables, i.e., Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), derived from the Technology Acceptance Model as well as two additional factors, Perceived Transaction Security (PTS), Perceived Trust (PT) were used. The dependent variable was Online Shopping Intention (OSI). Data was collected through an online survey at the University of Mauritius comprising 372 students. The results showed a positive correlation between the four independent variables, with PT having the strongest positive rho value of 0.720. The findings indicated valuable information for online retailers as these will enable them to enhance their online platforms and websites, thus enriching the online customer shopping experience. Furthermore, this study contributes to the literature on the relationship between the four determinants and online shopping intention in developing and small island economies
Crowdsourcing: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
Get PDFCrowdsourcing is very relevant in the literature, because of its impact on the performance of organisations in the new virtual environment. Its importance is crucial in a world where e-commerce, new technologies and artificial intelligence are becoming more and more prevalent, and where organizations require the generation of new data and ideas that increasingly come from outside the organisations. This paper reviews the literature on crowdsourcing, analysing the main trends in the area. To do so, the paper uses different bibliometric techniques, as well as an in-depth literature review. The results indicate that the study of crowdsourcing has moved from a conceptual review to increasingly practical applications. Management, Computer science and secondly Geography and Psychology remain the main areas of research in the topic. Diverse sub-areas linked to "task analysis", "citizen science", "social media", and "machine learning" are preponderant. The paper highlights the managerial side of Crowdsourcing, with innovations related to the evolution of technological applications related to the new ubiquitous web, and the personal aspects of the participants. The work helps to observe research trends and the various uses, potentials and key elements of their implementation, which is important for researchers and practitioners
Eco-literacy in the digital age: Comparing student comprehension with AI capabilities
Get PDFThe role of AI in eco-literacy education is crucial in today's technological era. Students increasingly engage with digital texts, such as fiction, enhancing their understanding of eco-literacy. This study compares the eco-literacy skills of university students and AI to evaluate their effectiveness in environmental education. Participants included 199 students from Makassar State University and Timor University in Indonesia and ten web-based AI chatbots running various large language models. Instruments included a 20-item multiple-choice test for input eco-literacy and a short story synopsis task, "Pohon Larangan di Bengayoan" (Prohibited Tree in Bengayoan) for output eco-literacy, distributed via Google Forms. The study applied independent sample t-test analysis and Yuen's test for robustness using Jamovi 2.4.8.0 software. Results showed no significant gender differences in students' eco-literacy but significant differences between universities, with Makassar State University students performing better. AI outperformed students, highlighting AI's potential in eco-literacy education and the need for curriculum enhancement in universities. Future research should involve broader samples and comprehensive assessment methods
A Narrative Exploration of Diane Larsen-Freeman's Influence on My Professional Development: From Language Learner to Teacher Educator
Get PDFDiane Larsen-Freeman has had a substantial effect on how language is comprehended and taught. She has contributed to the evolution of language, pedagogy, and has had a worldwide impact on language educators through her groundbreaking research, innovative understanding of teaching methodologies, and influential publications. This article will examine the profound impact Diane Larsen-Freeman's work has had on my professional growth. I discuss issues and concepts such as language teaching methodologies, grammaring, the person of the teacher, Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) in second language development, wicked problems, and transdisciplinarity. Initially, I contextualize English education in Mexico and my personal experience in English language learning. In the second phase, I examine the impact of Larsen-Freeman’s work on my English teaching education in Mexico and the United Kingdom. I conclude by analyzing how her work has contributed to my current position as an applied linguistics professor in Mexico