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Binding effect of individual legal acts: The effect of a criminal court verdict in the legal system
Get PDFJedinstvo pravnog poretka je temelj pravne države. Ono podrazumeva i unutrašnju harmoniju odlučivanja, tj. odsustvo protivrečnih sudskih odluka u jedinstvenom pravnom sistemu. Da bi se ovaj ideal ostvario nužno je da pravni sistem predvidi da pravnosnažni i konačni pojedinačni pravni akti međusobno obavezuju državne organe. Jedinstvo pravnog sistema naročito garantuje vezanost građanskog suda osuđujućim pravnosnažnim presudama krivičnog suda. Ali i oslobađajućim, kada se njima rešava kakvo prethodno pitanje koje je od značaja za odlučivanje u građanskom postupku. Vezanost građanskog suda presudama krivičnog obezbeđena je tek kada se pravnosnažnoj presudi krivičnog suda prizna dejstvo erga omnes. Iz ugla posmatranja Ustava Srbije, kao i Evropske konvencije o ljudskim pravima i osnovnim slobodama principi samostalnosti sudova u donošenju odluka, njihova vezanost Ustavom i zakonom nisu smetnja da zakonodavac odredi da pravnosnažna presuda krivičnog suda obavezuje građanski sud. Da bi se postigla pravna sigurnost i predvidivost, izbegla mogućnost donošenja protivrečnih sudskih odluka nužno je da se zadre u decenijama važeća shvatanja o predmetu spora i o granicama pravnosnažnosti sudskih judikata. Takođe, nužno je proširiti domašaj primene principa venire contra factum proprium i prekluzije radi ostvarenja procesnopravne pravičnosti.The unity of the legal order is the foundation of the rule of law. It also implies the internal harmony of decision-making, ie. the absence of contradictory court decisions in the unified legal system. In order to realize this ideal, it is necessary for the legal system to foresee that legally binding and final individual legal acts mutually bind state bodies. The unity of the legal system can be only achieved when the system provides that conviction judgment rendered by a criminal court bind civil court in the subsequent civil proceedings. Civil courts should be also bound by a decision rendered by a criminal court if the defendant is acquitted of the charge, in case criminal court has solved some preliminary question that is important for deciding in civil proceedings. Such a system exists in Austria and Serbia. In principle, a verdict rendered by a criminal court should produce effects erga omnes. On the other hand, in Germany and Anglo-Saxon legal systems, the principle of independence of criminal and civil justice applies. However, the difference between the previous and the latter system is not as significant as it seems at first glance, because the judgment of the criminal court in civil proceedings has a significant probative value. From the point of view of the Constitution of Serbia, as well as the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the principles of independence of the courts in making decisions, the requirement that a court must only be bound by the Constitution and the law are not an obstacle for the legislator to determine that the final judgment of the criminal court binds the civil court. The principle of res judicata, which forms one of the foundations of the rule of law, is much broader in Anglo-Saxon than in Euro-continental law. This particularly applies to the application of the institute issue or collateral estoppel which derives from the Roman principle of venire contra factum proprium. The principle serves to prevent substantial injustice. The principle of the rule of law requires legal certainty and predictability which implies the absence of contradictory court decisions in a unified legal system. In order to avoid the possibility of making contradictory court decisions, it is necessary to reexamine the ambit of the res judicata principle and to extend the application of the principle of venire contra factum proprium and preclusion in order to achieve procedural fairness
Agreement on court jurisdiction pursuant to Brussels II ter Regulation and its impact on the jurisdiction of other courts
Get PDFRad je posvećen sporazumu o izboru suda prema Uredbi Vijeća (EU) 2019/1111 od 25. juna 2019. godine o nadležnosti, priznanju i izvršenju odluka u bračnim sporovima i u stvarima povezanima s roditeljskom odgovornošću te o međunarodnoj otmici djece (preinaka) i uticaju sporazuma na nadležnost drugih sudova. Specifičnost tog sporazuma je mogućnost izbora suda u materiji porodičnog prava, što u ranijem periodu nije bilo moguće. Ciljevi istraživanja su analiza formalnih uslova za valjanost sporazuma i njegova realizacija u praksi. Istraživanje je započeto na osnovu deduktivne metode odnosno općih saznanja o nadležnosti u pravu Evropske unije i sporazuma o izboru suda, te su korištene i normativna metoda i metoda sinteze. Na osnovu istraživanja smo došli do saznanja o načinima zaključivanja sporazuma o izboru nadležnog suda i osiguravanja njegovog pravnog djelovanja prema svim sudovima u Evropskoj uniji, odnosno o njegovom uticaju na pravila liti spendencije.The paper discusses the form of the agreement on the choice of court according to Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 on jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matrimonial disputes and the matters related to parental responsibility and on international child abduction (amendment) and impact agreement to the jurisdiction of other courts. The specificity of this agreement is the possibility of choosing a court in matters of family law, which was not previously possible. The goal of the study is to analyse the formal conditions for the validity of the agreement and to indicate its implementation in practice. The findings of the study showed the ways that the agreements on the choice of the competent court are concluded, and how to ensure their legal effect towards all courts in the European Union, i.e. their influence on the rules of lis pendens
The right of the child to identity in the context of reproductive cell donor anonymity rules
Get PDFZnačaj prava deteta na identitet, koje je izričito priznato članom 8 Konvencije Ujedinjenih nacija o pravima deteta, rezultirao je napuštanjem tradicionalnog principa anonimnosti donora reproduktivnog materijala u velikom broju evropskih država. Međutim, određena nacionalna zakonodavstva još uvek se priklanjaju tom konceptu zabrane otkrivanja identiteta donora, dok pojedina predviđaju mešoviti model s ciljem uravnoteženja suprotstavljenih interesa. Debata je polarizovana između prava na privatnost donora i roditelja i prava deteta da zna svoje biološko poreklo. U radu je razmotren uticaj pravila o anonimnosti na mogućnost ostvarivanja prava deteta na identitet. Analiza različitih rešenja država evropskog pravnog prostora i stavova organa nadležnih za kontrolu primene najznačajnijih međunarodnih ugovora dovela je do izdvajanja odgovarajućih smernica za odmeravanje interesa u konfliktu. Iako je idealno rešenje tog pitanja teško zamislivo, zadovoljavajući bi mogao biti režim koji pruža garancije interesima svih lica, s fokusom na zaštitu prava deteta kao najugroženije strane.The right of the child to identity has been gaining importance in the efforts to revise legislation on donor anonymity in a large number of European countries. However, certain national legislations are still in favor of the concept of the identity disclosure prohibition, while some envision a mixed model, with the aim of balancing conflicting interests. The debate is centered on the donor and parents right to privacy and the childs right to know their biological origins. An analysis of solutions from various European states, as well as the positions of the authorities overseeing the implementation of the most important treaties, has led to the development of guidelines when weighing interests in a conflict. Although an ideal solution is difficult to imagine, a system that protects the interests of all parties, focusing on the protection of the childs rights, could be satisfactory
Agathe Demarais: Backfire: How sanctions reshape the world against U.S. interests, Columbia University Press, New York, 2022
Get PDFChanged circumstances and concession contracts: Slovenian law in a comparative perspective
Get PDFIn Slovenian law concession contracts are subject to both the public law and private law regime of changed circumstances. The former applies only to certain concession contracts, while others are subject to the general rules of the law of obligations. However, these rules are not adapted to features of concession contracts as they only give the affected party the right to request the rescission of the contract, but not its modification, unless otherwise agreed in the contract. This is not in line with the principle of continuity of public service and the protection of the public interest. In addition, the private law regime is not adapted to the concession award procedure, as it allows only reference to changes in circumstances that occur after the contract is concluded, but not after the binding tender is submitted, meaning that the tenderer bears a disproportionately higher burden of the risk than the grantor
The right to use in Roman and Serbian law
Get PDFPravo upotrebe je lična službenost, koja titulara prava ovlašćuje da stvar koristi u granicama svojih potreba. Shodno klasifikaciji nastaloj u rimskom pravu, ubraja se u servitutes personarum, zajedno sa pravom plodouživanja, besplatnog stanovanja i korišćenja rada tuđeg roba ili životinje. Uobličen u postklasičnom rimskom pravu, uz neznatne izmene, institut je preuzelo srpsko srednjovekovno, a sredinom XIX veka i moderno pravo donošenjem Građanskog zakonika za Knjaževstvo Srpsko. Servitut poznaje i pozitivno pravo Republike Srbije. Uprkos tome, dileme koje se tiču obima vršenja prava - da li uzuar stiče pravo na plodove i da li je vlastan pravo ustupiti drugom, zadavale su glavobolje i rimskim jurisprudentima i današnjim pravnicima. Na to da ukažemo na problematiku instituta i ponudimo pragmatična rešenja, naveo nas je Odgovor Privrednog apelacionog suda na pitanje nižestepenih sudova o pomenutim kontroverzama. U radu su primenjeni jezičko, sistemsko i istorijsko tumačenje i istorijski metod.The right to use is a personal servitude, which authorizes the holder to use the property within the limits of their needs. According to the Roman classification, it is personal servitude, together with the right of ususfructus, free housing and use of the work of someone else's slave or animal. Formed in post-classical Roman law, with minor changes, the institute was absorbed into Serbian medieval law, and subsequently, in the mid-19th century, into the Civil Code of the Principality of Serbia. Servitude is also recognized in the law of the Republic of Serbia. The dilemmas concerning the scope of rights - whether the holder acquires fruits or can transfer the right to another - gave headaches to both Roman jurisprudents and jurists today. An interpretation by the Commercial Court of Appeal, regarding a question about the abovementioned controversies, posed by a lower court, has highlighted the problems regarding the institute
Sustainable business: Are ESG standards powering the resilience of a new business model?
Get PDFOd kompanija u savremenom svetu očekuje se da rade na jačanju odgovornosti. Poslednjih godina je u prvi plan stavljen koncept održivog poslovanja, koje počiva na tri stuba: ekološki prihvatljivo stvaranje profita, dobro korporativno upravljanje i briga o društveno angažovanim temama. To je u osnovi skraćenice, koja se ovih dana uveliko sreće i u Srbiji. Autorka objašnjava za naše prilike nedovoljno poznati termin ESG, pošavši od Pariskog sporazuma o klimatskim promenama, koji je usvojen u atmosferi makar proklamovanog konsenzusa i usaglašenosti razvijenih i zemalja u razvoju. Pošavši od cilja ovog sporazuma, a to je delotvoran i napredan odgovor na pretnju klimatskih promena, kompanije će ubuduće morati da usvoje strategije sa ciljem smanjenja uticaja na životnu sredinu, koji se in ultima linea reflektuju na globalno zagrevanje. Autorka dokazuje da su ESG standardi stubovi otpornosti novog modela poslovanja svih kompanija koje bi pro futuro trebalo da dovedu do ostvarenja cilja klimatske neutralnosti.The modern world requires companies to work on strengthening their responsibility. In recent years, the concept of sustainable business was placed in the forefront, and it relies on three pillars: ecologically acceptable profiting, good corporate governance, and care about social issues. That is the core of the abbreviation that has been increasingly present in Serbia, as well. The author explains the term ESG, as it is insufficiently familiar in her region, starting from the Paris Agreement on climate change, adopted in a proclaimed consensus and harmonisation of developed and developing countries. Starting from the aim of this Agreement, which is an efficient and advanced response to the threat of climate change, companies will from here on out have to adopt strategies to reduce their environmental impact, which is ultimately reflected on global warming. The author proves that ESG standards are powering the resilience of the new business models for all companies, which should lead to reaching climate neutrality in the future
The influence of Serbia's historical constitutions on its modern constitutional identity: 30 years since the return of the liberal-democratic constitutionality
Get PDFPillar One and Mobility - A Truly Global Solution?
No full textMobility should be at the core of the reallocation of taxing rights debate. With such a premise in mind, this contribution addresses this issue within Pillar One in its two components: the apportionment of taxing rights to market jurisdictions on residual profits of the most significant MNEs worldwide (Amount A) and the standardization of the remuneration of related party distributors that perform baseline marketing and distribution activities in market jurisdictions (Amount B). The aim is to show that not only the mobility of individuals but also that of MNE structures when deciding on their presence in market jurisdictions are relevant in building new paradigms on the allocation of taxing rights at a cross-border level through the specific impact of the said OECD proposal. Even if Pillar One seems doomed to fail, lessons learned from its design and its specific impact on mobility matters should inform further developments in reshaping international taxation
Effectiveness of the joint investigation team as an instrument for gathering and exchange of evidence in cross-border investigations
Get PDFU ovom radu se na prvom mestu razmatra pravni okvir za formiranje i funkcionisanje zajedničkog istražnog tima na nivou Evropske unije, sa naglaskom na posledicama koje ova pravila mogu imati na uobličavanje zakonodavnog okvira Republike Srbije u ovoj oblasti, koji takođe predstavlja predmet analize autora, pri čemu je posebna pažnja posvećena praktičnim razmatranjima u postupku formiranja zajedničkog istražnog tima i originalnim elementima ovog progresivnog sredstva međunarodne saradnje. Drugo žarište ovog rada je podrška koju Evrodžast može pružiti u postupku formiranja i funkcionisanja zajedničkih istražnih timova čiji su učesnici kako države članice Evropske unije, tako i države koje nisu članice Evropske unije, te se u radu takođe razmatra i saradnja Republike Srbije sa Evrodžastom i predstavljaju mogućnosti za dalje unapređivanje međunarodne saradnje sa državama članicama Evropske unije nakon potpisivanja Sporazuma o saradnji Evrodžasta i Republike Srbije 2019. godine, uz navođenje primera zajedničkog istražnog tima koji je podržan od strane Evrodžasta, kao ilustracije prednosti ovog instrumenta međunarodne saradnje.This paper primarily considers the legal framework for the formation and functioning of a joint investigation team at the level of the European Union, with specific reference to the consequences that these rules may have on shaping the legislative framework of the Republic of Serbia in this area. In analyzing the Serbian normative framework, the authors particularly focus on practical considerations in the process of setting up of a joint investigation team and the original elements of this progressive tool of international cooperation, established and funded by Eurojust (EU Agency for Criminal Justice Cooperation). The second focal point of this paper is the support that may be provided by Eurojust in the process of formation and functioning of joint investigative teams, whose participants include both EU Member States and non-EU countries. In this regard, the authors consider the cooperation of the Republic of Serbia with Eurojust and present the opportunities for further strengthening of international cooperation with the EU Member States Union after signing the Cooperation Agreement between Eurojust and the Republic of Serbia in 2019. The advantages of this instrument of international cooperation are illustrated by referring to successful examples of joint investigation teams supported by Eurojust