Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Starost stabala i sastojina kao elemenat strukture i osnov uređajnih i uzgojnih mera u sastojinama bukve u severnokučajskom šumskom području
No full textIako važan elemenat strukture i diverziteta, starost stabala (sastojina) bukve u Srbiji pri praktičnom radu nije precizno utvrđivana. Stoga je u cilju sticanja dela pouzdanih informacija ovakve prirode, u ovom radu brojanjem godova na izvrtcima analizirana starost stabala/sastojina bukve na 22 ogledna polja na području ŠG „Severni Kučaj“ (lokaliteti GJ „Mali Pek“ i GJ „Beljanica“). Utvrđeno je najpre da između starosti i prečnika stabala postoji slabo izražena korelacija, na osnovu čega se može izvesti zaključak da stablo većeg prsnog prečnika ne znači uvek da je istovremeno i veće starosti i obrnuto. Kod jednog broja sastojina veći broj stabala ima starost koja je bliska prosečnoj (starost stabala koncentrisana u širini jednog dobnog razreda) i veličinu prosečnog odstupanje u granicama jednog dobnog razreda. Ove sastojine su definisane kao strukturno „približno“ jednodobne. Rezultati su pokazali i da su u određenom broju sastojina u kojima su postavljena ogledna polja prisutne izražene razlike u starosti stabala u odnosu na granice jednog dobnog razreda i zatečena struktura je slična strukturi raznodobnih šuma. Zaključuje se da je kod svih analiziranih sastijina, ipak, većinski utvrđena jednodobnost na nivou oglednih polja, a određen stepen raznodobnosti na nivou sastojina. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da precizno utvrđene starosti sastojina pokazuju razlike u odnosu na starosti koje su određene u važećim planskim dokumentima. To upućuje na zaključivanje da su se određeni planovi izrađivali na bazi nedovoljno preciznih informacija, odnosno da planirane uređajne i uzgojne mere delom nisu bile usklađene sa stvarnim zatečenim stanjem sastojina
IDENTIFICATION OF THE GENE POOL OF WOODY SPECIES IN ZVEZDARA FOREST – A FOUNDATION FOR GENETIC CONSERVATION AND BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION
No full textZvezdara Forest is part of Belgrade’s urban green system infrastructure within the urban area. It covers approximately 137 ha, of which 80.57 ha are protected as a IUCN Category III – Natural Monument or Feature. It was declared a protected area to preserve the natural values, structure, and quality of the forest, soil, and air, as well as to enhance a spatial unit shaped by human activity, which forms an important part of the city's green space. The forest primarily contributes to preventing landslides, regulating and improving microclimatic conditions, as well as providing space for rest and recreation. The largest afforestation was done in the period 1948-1950, as part of voluntary afforestation actions. It continued with large-scale planting, and as a result Zvezdara was designated as a park-forest in the General Urban Plan from 1972. In 2024, a reconnaissance of the terrain and recording of woody species was conducted at 112 points, in order to identify the gene pool of woody species. These points were previously projected within the borders of six compartments, covering the area of forest management unit of park-forest entire area. A total of 90 woody species from 30 families (61 genera), were recorded. Among them, 16 species were highlighted as having particular conservation significance within the forest resources of the Republic of Serbia. These include endemic species (Celtis australis), relict species (Corylus colurna, Ostrya carpinifolia, Taxus baccata), rare or threatened species (Acer campestre, Betula pendula, Fraxinus excelsior, Juglans regia, Malus sylvestris, Prunus domestica, Ulmus laevis, U. glabra, U. minor), and species at risk (Prunus avium, Pyrus pyraster, Sorbus torminalis). The gene pool of these species is represented by individual trees and/or groups of trees, which were georeferenced, mapped and measured for height, DBH and max crown spread. Also, database was created as a basis for long-term monitoring, conservation and sustainable use
A methodological framework for the conservation of the gene pool of woody species in urban forests: a case study of Zvezdara forest
No full textGene pool conservation in forest trees has become essential and especially important in the context of adaptive potential of species and ecosystem stability regarding modern challenges. We developed a methodological framework for the conservation of the gene pool of woody species which is applied in Zvezdara Forest as a case study. Thanks to its specific location, heterogeneous flora, and ecological stability, Zvezdara Forest has become an important biodiversity refuge and a vital component of the city’s green infrastructure. Framework is consisted of the following steps: 1) field reconnaissance and species inventory; 2) assessment of factors contributing to genetic erosion; 3) evaluation of the current state and degree of threat to the gene pool; 4) identification of target species; 5) georeferencing of target species individuals and/or groups; 6) determination of key traits of the georeferenced individuals; 7) mapping of the gene pool of target species; 8) creating a database for long-term monitoring, 9) assessment of variability using morphological and molecular markers, and 10) establishing a long-term genetic resource management strategy for the study area. In Zvezdara Forest applied framework resulted in 89 woody species recorded distributed in two in situ conservation units. All the data were saved in digital form for long-term monitoring purposes. Ex situ conservation, a progeny tests of wild cherry, pedunculated and sessile oaks, and field elm were established. As the overall result strategy for forest genetic conservation of the conservation of the gene pool of woody species in Zvezdara Forest is developed
REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN THE PRODUCTION OF WOOD ASSORTMENTS IN SERBIA IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE BIOECONOMY
No full textThis paper examines the structure and volume of wood assortment production originating from
state-owned forests across five statistical regions of Serbia. The research focuses on the quantities
and types of beech, oak, and poplar assortments, with particular emphasis on their role within
contemporary bioeconomy frameworks. The aim of the study is to identify trends, regional
disparities, and production patterns that influence the sustainable management of forest resources.
The purpose of this research is to highlight the significance of wood assortments as an essential
resource within the bioeconomy, as their stable and diversified production ensures a reliable raw
material base for sectors that generate the highest added value in forestry (wood processing,
construction, chemical industry, etc.). The study relies on official statistical data on produced
assortments in state forests, collected across different regions of Serbia for the period 2015–2024.
The methodology is based on descriptive statistics, calculation of change indices, trend analysis, and
comparative analysis. Additionally, variability indicators were applied to assess the stability of wood
assortment supply. The results enable the identification of assortment types and their shares in total
production across regions. The findings reveal spatial differences that may have significant
implications for planning and developing interregional value chains, as well as for shaping effective
state-forest management policies. Furthermore, the study’s conclusions support the enhancement
of sustainable forest resource use and the strengthening of Serbia’s bioeconomy potential. This
research contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between forestry production and
the strategic development of the bioeconomy at the national level
TREE SPECIES NATIVE TO CHINA IN THE DENDROFLORA OF SERBIA
No full textIn the territory of Serbia, several hundreds of allochthonous woody species, adapted to the temperate-continental climate, are grown. A large number of them originate from China. In addition to a many predominantly shrubby species, as well as a certain number of woody creepers, 35 tree species originating from China are registered in the allochthonous flora of Serbia. Of the listed number of Chinese tree species in the flora of Serbia, 27 species belong to angiosperms, and 8 to gymnosperms. Most of the Chinese species are grown in parks, tree rows or gardens for decorative purposes, while some are also used in land reclamation, as a shelterbelts, and to a lesser extent they are also grown in forest plantations for wood production. The most common Chinese tree species found in Serbia are: Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Juniperus chinensis L., Morus alba L., Ulmus pumila L., Prunus armeniaca L, Prunus persica L., Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm and Ailanthus altissima Swindle. The most important species used in forestry and land reclamation are: Morus alba L., Ulmus pumila L., Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott and Paulownia spp. Species Prunus armeniaca L and Prunus persica L. have been grown in Serbia for centuries as important fruit crops. Species such as: Pinus wallichiana A. B. Jacks, Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Prunus serrulata Lindl. and Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. are important ornamentals in settlements. In the past, Ailanthus altissima Swindle was intensively cultivated in horticulture and as a land protection species, but it has shown a strong invasive potential and is now considered one of the most invasive woody species in Serbia, therefore its cultivation is not recommended at all. Considering the need to increase the forest areas in Serbia, which will be carried out to a considerable extent through the establishment of forest plantations, the need for reclamation of degraded land, as well as the enrichment of the assortment of ornamental species in urban areas, a more intensive study of the adaptability, development and productivity of different kinds of trees originating from China in the conditions of Serbia, as well as their applications, is needed. This request becomes particularly important if the ongoing climate changes are taken into account, which will inevitably reduce the use or completely eliminate certain species in the territory of Serbia and require the introduction of new ones that were not cultivated before
FORESTS FOR THE FUTURE: ECOSYSTEM SERVICES POTENTIAL OF THE LIKODRA WATERSHED
No full textForests are complex and multifunctional ecosystems that provide a wide range of benefits essential
for human well-being and environmental stability. These benefits, known as ecosystem services,
encompass several categories: provisioning services (food, water, timber, and non-timber forest
products), regulating services (climate regulation, erosion prevention, flood control, and
pollination), supporting services (ecological foundations of life, such as soil formation,
photosynthesis, and nutrient cycling), and cultural services (recreation, ecotourism, aesthetic
appreciation, and spiritual significance). Understanding the capacity of forests to provide these
services is a prerequisite for sustainable management of natural resources and long-term
community resilience.
The aim of this paper is to assess the capacity of forests in the Likodra River Basin, located in western
Serbia, to provide ecosystem services. The analysis is based on the CORINE Land Cover (LULC)
database, which offers spatially consistent data at a resolution of 100 meters. Land-use maps were
created to identify forest categories and quantify their extent, thereby allowing evaluation of their
ecological functions. While the full spectrum of ecosystem services is considered, particular
emphasis is placed on regulating services, especially flood mitigation and erosion control. These
functions are of critical importance for watershed stability and for reducing the vulnerability of local
communities to natural hazards.
The results indicate that forests occupy 43.04% of the watershed area, which highlights their high
capacity to provide multiple ecosystem services. Forests in the Likodra Basin play a dominant role in
regulating hydrological processes, maintaining soil stability, and preventing land degradation. Their
contribution to supporting services further reinforces ecological integrity, while cultural services
show potential for development through eco-tourism and educational initiatives. By focusing on the
ecological capacity of forests, this study underscores their importance as natural infrastructur
Information exchange network on timber legality among key actors in Serbia: An illustrative case study
No full textDespite the considerable efforts to mitigate deforestation and forest degradation, illegal logging and unsustainable forest management practices remain pervasive. To deal with the issue of the illegal timber market, the
European Union (EU) implemented several initiatives and regulations, the most recent being the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). The Regulation brings more stringent requirements and places an additional burden
on public authorities and timber traders, which might influence its future implementation. Thus, information
availability, transparency and exchange are becoming more and more important. This article provides an
illustrative exploration of the policy network of actors that exchange information on timber legality in Serbia,
aiming to pinpoint potential gaps and avenues for improvement. Data were collected using interviews and semistructured surveys of key decision-makers in Serbia, and analysed through Social Network Analysis (SNA). Social
networks were visualised using Gephi software. Our results identify ten key actors connected with 53 connections. The findings highlight the importance of strong connections between governmental and non-governmental
actors and suggest that the dominance of public actors in the information exchange network for timber legality in
Serbia remains a potential weakness for future EUDR implementation and beyond. As trust is essential for
building strong relationships and facilitating cooperation, captured network structure may be indicative of high
levels of trust among state actors and weak ones with the scientific community, private forest owners and enterprises. This indicates that the policy-makers should focus on strengthening connections with non-state actors,
promoting more balanced and inclusive information exchange, and improving the perceived quantity and quality
of information exchange
Samopoštovanje i akademska postignuća studenata u učenju engleskog jezika struke
No full textPredmet ovog rada je ispitivanje uticaja samopoštovanja i
samoprocene znanja studenata na njihova akademska postignuća
u učenju engleskog jezika struke. Uzorak su činili studenti prve
godine Poljoprivrednog i Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u
Beogradu (n=77). Prikupljanje podataka izvršeno je putem onlajn
upitnika na Likertovoj skali, koji je procenjivao nivo samopoštovanja
u kontekstu praćenja nastave, pripreme za testove i reagovanja na
povratne informacije. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na statistički
značajnu povezanost između samopoštovanja i ocena na ispitu.
Ključni nalazi pokazuju da studenti sa većim samopoštovanjem
lakše prate nastavu, aktivnije učestvuju u timskim aktivnostima i da
su manje opterećeni percepcijom neuspeha. Ovo istraživanje
naglašava potrebu za uvođenjem strategija koje podstiču
samopoštovanje i pružaju podršku studentima sa nižim nivoom samopoštovanja, čime se može doprineti poboljšanju njihovog
akademskog uspeha i kvalitetu nastave. Dodatno je istražen uticaj
samoprocene znanja na akademska postignuća. Jednofaktorska
analiza varijanse (ANOVA) pokazala je da studenti sa najvišim
ocenama (9 i 10) svoje znanje engleskog ocenjuju bolje od onih sa
srednjim (8) i nižim ocenama (6 i 7), dok razlika u samoproceni
između grupa sa srednjim i nižim znanjem nije statistički značajna.
Ovaj nalaz takođe sugeriše različite nivoe samopoštovanja među
grupama i ističe važnost rada na povećanju samopoštovanja i
motivacije uopšte kod studenata sa srednjim ocenama, kako bi se
poboljšala njihova akademska postignuć
Towards Landscape Justification: Participative Planning for Preserving Landscape Identity in Surcin, Serbia
No full textSince the adoption of the European Landscape Convention (ELC, 2000)and growing calls for climate justice, landscape has emerged as a crucial dimensionin discussions on spatial justice. However, it remains underrepresented in formalplanning processes. As an expression of spatial justice, the ELC encourages assessing landscape quality objectives through both scientific and traditional knowledge,involving all stakeholders - officials, experts, and local communities. The Municipality of Surčin, within Belgrade administrative area, is experiencing intense spatialtransformation driven by national large-scale infrastructure projects (e.g. EXPO2027, the National Football Stadium) and investor-driven demand for residentialand commercial development. These developments risk undermining the sensitivelandscape character which embraces traditional values, social structures, and ecological functions, particularly the floodplain and steppe-like rural mosaics that havehistorically defined its identity. Current planning practices overlook the diversity,sensitivity, or climate-adaptive potential of such landscapes, while also failing tomeaningfully involve/engage local communities in shaping transformation processesand an essential element of procedural justice (Rocco, 2023). This paper advocatesfor an integrated approach to landscape justification as recognitional and proceduraljustice in landscape and spatial planning. It aims to develop a framework, basedon geodesign methodology (Steinitz, 2012), for preserving and enhancing landscapeidentity through integrated, collaborative, participative landscape planning. Theresearch is part of the ongoing project ”Preservation and Enhancement of Landscape Diversity and Character in the Municipality of Surčin,” coordinated by theUniversity of Belgrade Faculty of Forestry. The focus is on building inclusive participation processes and highlighting the need for just planning processes sensitiveto landscape capacity and recognised through local knowledge. The research approach is based on landscape character assessment, complemented by stakeholderinterviews and active community participation through co-design and scenario planning workshops. Preliminary results suggest that recognition of landscape valuesand their quality objectives through participation fosters broader public awarenessand more democratic decision-making. Local communities, often excluded from formal planning, express strong attachments to landscape features that contribute toplace identity and climate resilience, such as forest remnants, agricultural fields, andwater bodies. This research contributes to debates on spatial and climate justiceby demonstrating how landscape identity, when meaningfully recognised throughparticipative planning processes, can serve as both a functional and cultural basisfor equitable urban transition
Photometric analysis of homogenized X-ray images in determining the mechanical properties of wood: preliminary results
No full textPrevious research demonstrated a link between wood strength and brightness intensityin X-ray images. Wood samples were subjected to compression testing along and acrossthe grain, with X-ray imaging performed on the same specimens before the mechanicaltests. Differences in the brightness of X-ray images of test specimens were clearlynoticeable, both in relation to the type of sampled wood and depending on the specificalignment of X-ray beams relative to the direction of wood fibers in the test specimen.Because wood has an anisotropic structural composition, it is expected that the X-rayimage of the tested sample would exhibit uneven brightness. Photometric analysis of theX-ray image using computer software allows for assigning appropriate mechanicalproperties to each point on the image via x, y, v parameters. However, since an individuallight point cannot represent the cumulative mechanical properties of the sampled testspecimen, it is clear that the task at hand also includes the need for homogenizing the Xrayimage. This is achievable through the program's three-dimensional approximationcapabilities. The creation of a tonal grayscale through image homogenization would enablethe alignment of mechanical strength parameters with brightness intensity values. Thisprocess would effectively represent the overall mechanical potential of the wood sampleas a cumulative result, linking the homogenized brightness of the X-ray image with thewood’s strength characteristics