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GIBBERELLIC ACID AS PRE-SOWING TREATMENT FOR TAXUS BACCATA SEEDS
No full textTaxus baccata (L.) je retka i zaštićena vrsta u šumama Srbije. Obnavljanje Taxus baccata u šumama je prepušteno prirodi i ne postoje podaci o proizvodnjišumskih sadnica ove vrste u našim šumskim rasadnicima. Razmnožavanje Taxusbaccata za potrebe proizvodnje ukrasnog sadnog materijala se uglavnom sprovodi vegetativnim putem (reznicama), a generativno razmnožavanje ove vrste jezanemareno usled izrazito dormantnog semena. Problem dormantnosti semenaTaxus baccata je dobro dokumentovan u literaturi, a preporučeni metodi za otklanjanje dormantnosti su dugotrajni i zasnivaju se na primeni tople i hladne, suveili vlažne stratifikacije u različitim trajanjima. Pored dužine trajanja stratifikacije,problem predstavlja i relativno mala klijavost nakon primene neke od ovih metoda. Sa ciljem da se dormantnost otkloni i izazove klijanje u što većem procentu uovom radu je testiran uticaj giberelinske kiseline (GA4/GA7) na klijanje semenaTaxus baccata. Seme koje je sakupljeno sa 10 parkovskih stabala je podvrgnutosuvo-hladnoj stratifikaciji i hladno-vlažnoj stratifikaciji u trajanju od 16 nedelja.Uzorak od po 200 semena je potopljen 24 časa u rastvor giberelinske kiseline (100ppm, 300 ppm i 500 ppm) i vodonik-peroksida, dok je isti broj semena iz obe vrste stratifikata posejan bez potapanja. Ogled je izvršen u dva ponavljanja za svakuvrstu stratifikata, a sproveden je u staklari Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu. Klijanje semena je zabeleženo u proleće naredne godine, i trajalo je 2meseca (maj-jun 2023 godine). Najveća klijavost semena je zabeležena u tretmanu giberelinske kiseline u najvećoj testiranoj koncentraciji bez obzira na vrstu prethodne stratifikacije (suvo-hladna 22.5%; vlažno-hladna 22.75%, u poređenju sakontrolisanim 10,5% za obe stratifikacije).Taxus baccata (L.) is a rare and protected species in the forests of Serbia. Taxusbaccata regeneration in forests is left to nature and there is no data on the production of forest seedlings of this species in our forest nurseries. Reproduction ofTaxus baccata for the purposes of production of decorative planting material ismainly carried out vegetatively (by cuttings), and generative reproduction of thisspecies is neglected due to extremely dormant seeds. The problem of Taxus baccataseed dormancy is well documented in the literature, and the recommendedmethods for eliminating dormancy are long-term and based on the applicationof hot and cold and dry or wet stratification for different durations. In addition tothe length of the stratification, the problem is also relatively low germination afterapplying one of these methods. With the aim of removing dormancy and causinggermination in the highest possible percentage, this paper tested the influence of gibberellic acid (GA4/GA7) on the germination of Taxus baccata seeds. Seeds collected from 10 park trees were subjected to dry-cold stratification and cold-wet stratification for 16 weeks. A sample of 200 seeds each was immersed for 24 hoursin a solution of gibberellic acid (100 ppm, 300 ppm and 500 ppm) and hydrogenperoxide, while the same number of seeds from both types of stratification wassown without immersion. The experiment was carried out in two repetitions foreach type of stratification, and was conducted in the glasshouse of the Faculty ofForestry, University of Belgrade. Seed germination was recorded in the spring ofthe following year, and lasted for 2 months (May-June 2023). The highest seedgermination was recorded in the gibberellic acid treatment at the highest testedconcentration, regardless of the type of previous stratification (dry-cold 22.5%;wet-cold 22.75%)
Effect Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On The Import And Export Of Chamomile (Matricaria Chamomilla L.) In Serbia
No full textChamomile is well-known and a highly favoured medicinal plant species in pharmacy and
traditional medicine, having therapeutic and cosmetic values and uses. It is a low-demanding
species that tolerates drought and salinity, and is successfully grown in Serbia, on
approximately 350 - 400 ha. Before the pandemic, during the five-year period 2015-2019, the
export of chamomile did not change significantly over the years, and the average amount of
exported chamomile was 262.4 metric tons with an average value of 1.02 M USD. However,
the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the production and consumption of many plants
worldwide, and the increase in the export of chamomile was recorded for the pandemic years
(2020-2022), when the average amount of exported chamomile reached 314.6 metric tons
with an average value of 1.25 M USD. However, the import of chamomile also increased
during the pandemic. The average amount of imported chamomile was 35.5 metric tons with
an average value of 0.23 M USD during the five years period before the pandemic, but during
the pandemic, the average amount of imported chamomile was 67.3 metric tons with an
average value of 0.44 M USD. The obtained data suggest that there is a need for chamomile in
Serbia and that chamomile production should expand. It is important to implement measures
with the aim to improve the technology of chamomile production, including the harvesting
and drying process, in order to increase profit and make chamomile production economically
justified. In that way, chamomile production will increase in Serbia
Examination of IQOS residue, environmental impact and potential application
No full textIQOS (I-Quit-Ordinary-Smoking) is a brand of heated tobacco. It is an alternative to traditional cigarettes, which involves heating tobacco rather than burning it. IQOS devices heat tobacco sticks, called HEETS or HeatSticks, to a temperature that is high enough to release nicotine and flavor, but not high enough to produce smoke. After consuming IQOS, we treated the remains of HEETS with pyrolysis at 800 degrees. In this way, we have protected the environment from pollution, and in addition, we have obtained carbon material, which further has various applications. The obtained final product was tested using different methods and based on the tested properties, it can be said that the material can potentially be used as an energy fuel, a supercapacitor, for the removal of organic compounds, a drug carrier, etc.Programme and the Book of Abstracts / 7th Conference of The Serbian Society for Ceramic Materials, 7CSCS-2023, June 14-16, 2023 Belgrad
Artificial regeneration of sessile oak forests by planting natural young stock
No full textObnavljanje šuma hrasta kitnjaka predstavlja jedno od najznačajnijih pitanja u šumarstvu Srbije, uzimajući u obzir zastupljenost ovih šuma, ekološku specifičnost, proizvodnost, kao i kvalitet proizvoda, koji se dobija njihovim korišćenjem. U radu su prikazani rezultati eksperimentalnih istraživanja sprovedenih sa ciljem definisanja mogućnosti veštačke obnove kitnjakovih šuma presađivanjem prirodnog podmlatka. Istraživanja su vršena u sastojinama kitnjaka sa podstojnim spratom pratećih vrsta drveća na području severoistočne Srbije. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da presađivanje sadnica iz prirodnog podmlatka, kao pomoćna mera, može biti od velikog značaja, posebno u slučajevima kada na delovima površine izostane rezultat prirodnog obnavljanja i kada je potrebno izvršiti kompletiranje podmlatka. Pored toga, utvrđeno je da na krajnji uspeh izvođenja ovih mera značajano utiču uslovi u kojima se vrši presađivanje
Lead and cadmium in kidney and liver samples of roe deer
No full textThe heavy metals are known for their toxicity and ability to accumulate in the tissues of
organisms, which can have severe consequences for the health of wild and domestic animals,
as well as for the people who consume game meat. The goal of the research was to assess the
occurrence of these metals in the organs (liver and kidney) of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).
The samples were collected during the regular 2022 hunting season in the area of Gornji
Milanovac, Central Serbia. Kidney and liver samples were collected from 40 harvested animals.
The concentrations of lead and cadmium were determined using the method of atomic
absorption spectrometry (AAC). The results obtained were compared with the relevant safety
standards to assess the level of contamination.
Analysis of the collected samples revealed the presence of cadmium in all kidney and liver
samples, while the presence of lead was below the detection level in 10 liver samples and eight
kidney samples. The mean value of lead content in the liver was 470.37 µg/kg, while the median
value was 321.5 µg/kg. The mean value of lead content in the kidneys was 292.12 µg/kg, and
the median value was 221µg/kg. No statistically significant difference was found in the lead
content between the kidneys and the liver. In contrast, a significant statistical difference was
found between the mean values of cadmium content in the kidneys and liver, which was
expected considering that it is known that the place of accumulation of cadmium is in the
kidneys. As for the cadmium content in the liver, the mean value was 247.07 µg/kg, and the
median value was 227 µg/kg, while in the kidneys, a mean value of 541 µg/kg was detected,
and the median value was 530 µg/kg. Both values exceed the maximum allowed amounts of
500 µg/kg, according to the Serbian rulebook.
Improving environmental protection measures and controlling heavy metal emissions is
essential to preserve the health of the wild game and the people who consume its meat. Further
research and monitoring are necessary to understand and solve the issue of heavy metal
contamination and to take adequate steps to preserve the environment and human healt
The photovoltaic system as a part of energy production in the wood indusrty in Serbia
No full textThe wood industry is a type of industry that can use its wood residues for energy production and
thus be a part of energy producers from renewable sources. Another type of potential green energy
production comes from the often large roofs of its buildings that can be covered with solar panels, thus
expanding their energy production capacity and thus reduce the need for electricity production from
fossil fuels. The paper shows the photovoltaic system’s integration into energy production and its
impact on the environment. Also, it will be shown how producers can connect to the electric system
Stabilnost lipozomalnih čestica sa inkapsuliranim ekstraktom majčine dušice
No full textWild thyme contains biologically active compounds, particularly polyphenols (flavonoids and phenolic acids) that exert antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and spasmolytic activities. Nevertheless, the mentioned bioactive compounds have low stability, solubility, and bioavailability, thus their application is limited. Liposomal particles have been widely used for the encapsulation of bioactive components, due to their high structural integrity, stability during storage, and controlled release capability. In the present study, phospholipid-cholesterol liposomal particles, as the carrier for wild thyme extract, were developed. The stability of extract-loaded liposomes was monitored for 21 days by measuring vesicle size, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The particle size and PDI of extract-loaded liposomes did not change drastically during 21 days of storage and amounted to ~450 nm and ~0.155, respectively. The zeta potential varied in the liposomes and started to decrease after 7 days of storage (from -21.0 mV to 20.3 mV, without a statistically significant difference), while the zeta potential value after 21 days was statistically significantly lower in comparison to the 1st day (19.3 mV). The beneficial effects of polyphenols on human health, as well as showed storage stability of the prepared liposomes highlight the use of the wild thyme extract-loaded phospholipid-cholesterol liposomal particles for potential application in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries
Ecological and Economic Effects of Applying the Future Agricultural Production Structure Model (FAPSMS): The Case Study of the Baricka River Basin
No full textIt is necessary to harmonize the needs of society in terms of agricultural production and land protection from various forms of degradation throughout sustainable land management. Assessing the justification of investment in sustainable management of land resources is an important step in this process. Consequently, an analysis of soil erosion risk was carried out in the suburban area of the morphological unit of the Baricka river watershed, using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) method, with the existing and projected structure of agricultural production according to the Future Agricultural Production Structure Model from the Aspect of Preserving Land Resources for Mountain Catchment Areas of Serbia (FAPSMS). The value of the existing and projected production structure from an economic aspect was also examined using dynamic economic methods. In order to assess the risk and uncertainty of investments, a sensitive analysis of dynamic methods was carried out. The results show that soil erosion losses are already below tolerance values with the existing production structure and that they could be reduced even more by applying the designed structure. Economic indicators show that the investment is justified and that it is more sensitive to changes in income
Words apart: Standardizing forestry terms and definitions across European biodiversity studies
No full textForest biodiversity studies conducted across Europe use a multitude of forestry terms, often inconsistently. This hinders the comparability across studies and makes the assessment of the impacts of forest management on biodiversity highly context-dependent. Recent attempts to standardize forestry and stand description terminology mostly used a top-down approach that did not account for the perspectives and approaches of forest biodiversity experts. This work aims to establish common standards for silvicultural and vegetation definitions, creating a shared conceptual framework for a consistent study on the effects of forest management on biodiversity. We have identified both strengths and weaknesses of the silvicultural and vegetation information provided in forest biodiversity studies. While quantitative data on forest biomass and dominant tree species are frequently included, information on silvicultural activities and vegetation composition is often lacking, shallow, or based on broad and heterogeneous classifications. We discuss the existing classifications and their use in European forest biodiversity studies through a novel bottom-up and top-driven review process, and ultimately propose a common framework. This will enhance the comparability of forest biodiversity studies in Europe, and puts the basis for effective implementation and monitoring of sustainable forest management policies. The standards here proposed are potentially adaptable and applicable to other geographical areas and could be extended to other forest interventions
Cultural landscape management in context: Local communities' perceptions under Jadar mineral extraction project in Serbia
No full textIn 2004, a new lithium-rich mineral, 'jadarite', was discovered in Serbia. In 2020, the government of Serbia and mining giant Rio Tinto announced a plan to extract lithium, which sparked massive environmental protests across the country. In this paper, we study perceptions of local communities towards Jadar mineral extraction project, which is planned in the zone of the cultural landscape 'Trsic Tronosa'. We employed a household-level face-to-face survey, conceptually following the sustainable livelihood approach. Results shows that local communities anticipate negative changes in environmental quality, lifestyle, and activities such as agriculture and tourism, which are seen as vital for future development compatible with the cultural landscape conservation goals. Local communities perceive a bias towards private companies by the government authorities, driven by economic interests that, as seen by locals, may also be influenced by international political pressures. Other factors, such as lack of participatory approaches and non-transparent communication were also negatively perceived. We argue that mineral extraction planning in high biodiversity and cultural heritage areas is sensitive because local communities are strongly tied through historical activities and traditions to the landscape and are not willing to trade off their environment for the economic benefits that the mineral industry could bring