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Effect of different fertilizers on seed germination and development of seedlings of annual dahlia
No full textDahlias are not hardy plants in Serbia and they are grown as annuals. For that reason, dwarf
cultivars are the most popular, they can be easily propagated from seed, and they are used for
summer flower beds, hedges or they are planted in containers. Fertilizers can affect
germination and early development of seedlings and depending on the plant species they can
promote or inhibit germination and growth. However, data about the effect of different
fertilizers are usually not available for specific plants species and therefore it is important to
examine their effect on plant growth before their use in the commercial plant propagation.
Therefore, the effect of three commercial fertilizers available on Serbian market (EkoBooster
1®, Unistart and Bakterije) on germination and seedlings growth of Dahlia Dwarf Mix 3045
(produced by Semenarna Ljubljana) was investigated. The treatments were conducted before
seed sowing and on 2nd, 3rd and 9th day after seed sowing. Obtained results showed that
fertilizer type affected germination rate, the best result was achieved after the treatment with
EkoBooster 1® (81.3%), while germination rate was lower after treatments with other
fertilizers (72%) and in the control (56%). Despite expectations, none of the used fertilizers
did not affect seedlings growth, because length of root, shoots and primary leaves were not
significantly different compared to the control
Oblikovanje virtuelnog okruženja sa modelima biodizajna u hortikulturnoj terapiji
No full textUpotreba različitih tehnologija virtuelne stvarnosti danas je široko
rasprostranjena. Od primene u medicini, građevinarstvu, prodaji i marketingu, do
arhitekture, sve je više metoda i načina korišćenja pomenutih tehnologija. VR tehnologije
ili tehnologije virtuelne realnosti obuhvataju kompjuterske alate radi generisanja
virtuelnog okruženja odnosno jedinstvenog sklopa vizuelnih, zvučnih i drugih čulnih
iskustava za njene korisnike. Dva smera delovanja jeste karakteristika ovih tehnologija
odnosno dvostrana interakcija između korisnika i samog virtuelnog okruženja. Virtuelno
okruženje jeste trodimenzionalni generisan prostor koji može biti interaktivan i koji
korisnici doživljavaju posredstvom čula. Ipak, iako je kreirano okruženje virtuelno
odnosno nestvarno, ono je deo stvarnog, realnog sveta. Proširena realnost (AR –
augmented reality) je takođe veoma aktuelna, u sve široj upotrebi i predstavlja
tehnologiju bližu realnosti, tačnije dopunjenu realnost gde je korisnikova percepcija sveta
dopunjena u vidu slike ili zvuka u realnom okruženju. Da bi se pristupilo virtuelnoj
stvarnosti, osim odgovarajućih softvera, potrebna je i odgovarajuća oprema poput VR
naočara (Slika 1) i rukavica (Slika 2). Primena ovih pomagala nije nova, jer ih često
upotrebljavaju osobe sa posebnim potrebama. Jedna domaća kompanija - Anoris
technologies (https://anora.rs/ posećeno 15.1.2023.) – razvija pametne rukavice za slepe i
slabovide osobe koje omogućavaju lakše snalaženje u prostoru i druge čulne spoznaje
(Slika 2). Kako je primena alata za virtuelnu stvarnost već prepoznata kao pomagalo u
medicini (posebno u omogućavanju doživljaja raznih čulnih iskustava osobama sa
posebnim potrebama), a kreiranje virtuelnih svetova koriste se u industriji video igrica,
spajanjem ove dve, naizgled različite oblasti, otvara se mogućnost primene ovih
tehnologija i u oblasti hortikulturne terapije
Benefits of natural plant communities to human health and higher sense of wellbeing
No full textJedan od najvažnijih aspekata subjektivne ocene blagostanja je zadovoljstvo
generalno životnim okolnostima neke indivdue. 2018. godine, stopa sveukupnog
zadovoljstva životom u Evropskoj uniji (EU) bila je 7,3- prosečna vrednost na skali od 0
(potpuno nezadovoljan) do 10 (potpuno zadovoljan). Način na koji pojedinci gledaju na
svoju sreću, ogleda se u njihovom emocionalnom aspektu blagostanja i njihovim
svakodnevnim osećanjima i raspoloženjima. Merenje sreće je važno jer može da ukazuje
na to da li ljudi svoj život posmatraju iz "bolje perspektive" (ako je indeks sreće visok) i to
nesumnjivo dovodi da se i ostali aspekti života posmatraju sa pozitivnije strane, odnosno
promoviše se njihovo subjektivno blagostanje.
Od 2013. godine EUROSTAT prikuplja podatke o Kvalitetu života u Evropisubjektivnoj oceni blagostanja ljudi, koja omogućuje integraciju različitih iskustava,
izbora, prioriteta i vrednosti pojedinaca. Jedan od parametara se odnosi i na Prirodu i
životno okruženje i tri veoma bitne podgrupe: I izloženost zagađenju, II dostupnost
zelenih i rekreacionih površina i II predeo i izgrađeno okruženje. Statistički podaci o
subjektivnoj oceni zadovoljstva i blagostanja u državama Evrope su upoređeni sa
procentualnom zastupljenošću prirodnih i prirodi bliskih pokrivača tla (šume, travna
staništa i vlažna staništa), prema prostornim mapama, dostupnim na Copernicus
platformi EEA (European Environmental Agency). Da bi se utvrdilo postojanje statistički
značajne korelacije između ova dva seta podataka, Pirsonov test korelacije je primenjen.
Detaljnije razmatranje procenta prirodnih i prirodi bliskih staništa, a samim tim i
biljnih zajednica koje se tu nalaze, urađeno je za prostor Republike Srbije (RS). Prema
rezultatima studije, prosečno su ova staništa zastupljena sa oko 60% na nivou istraživanih
područja Evrope i u RS. Ova analiza ima za cilj da se utvrdi činjenično stanje, procene
prednosti, nedostaci, kao i kapacitet ovih prostora za poboljšanje zdravlja i blagostanja
ljudi. Analiza pomaže da se odrede mere koje bi doprinele restauraciji prirodnih i prirodi
bliskih prostora i da se preporuče vrste pogodne za takve mere.
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Ključne reči: kvalitet života, indeks sreće, prirodne i prirodi bliski pokrivači tla,
prirodne biljne zajednice, restauracija ekosistema.One of the most important aspects of the subjective evaluation of well-being is
satisfaction with the overall life of an individual. In 2018, overall life satisfaction in the
European Union (EU) was 7.3 - an average value on a scale from 0 (completely
dissatisfied) to 10 (completely satisfied). The way individuals view their happiness is
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reflected in their emotional aspect of well-being and their daily feelings and moods.
Measuring life satisfaction is important because it can indicate whether people view their
life from a "better perspective" (if the happiness index is high) thus undoubtedly leading
to other aspects of life being viewed from a positive side, and their subjective well-being
is being promoted.
Since 2013, EUROSTAT has been collecting data on the Quality of Life in Europe
- a subjective assessment of people's well-being, which enables the integration of different
experiences, choices, priorities and values of individuals. One of the parameters also
refers to Nature and living environment further divided in three very important
subgroups: I exposure to pollution, II availability of green and recreational areas and II
landscape and built environment. Statistical data on the subjective assessment of
satisfaction and well-being in European countries were compared with the percentage of
natural and close to nature land covers (forests, grasslands and wetlands), according to
spatial maps, available on the Copernicus platform of the EEA (European Environmental
Agency). In order to determine the existence of a statistically significant correlation
between these two sets of data, the Pearson correlation test was applied.
A more detailed analysis of the percentage of natural habitats and close to nature
habitats, and therefore of the plant communities found there, was done for the territory
of the Republic of Serbia (RS). According to the results of the study, on average researched
habitats are represented by about 60%, both for the RS and for the researched areas of
Europe. The aim of this study was to determine the actual situation, assess the
advantages, disadvantages, as well as the capacity of these spaces to improve people's
health and well-being. This analysis aims to help to determine the measures that would
contribute to the restoration of the natural and close to nature areas and to recommend
the selected species suitable for conducting such measures
Kišne bašte (bioretenzije) kao tehnika održivog upravljanja atmosferskim vodama
No full textAtmosferske vode su one vode koje se gravitacijom kreću po tlu i ulivaju se u bare,
jezera, mora, potoke, reke i okeane. Promene postojećeg oblika terena nastale usled
različitih korišćenja zemljine površine, utiču na promene u obrascima oticanja
atmosferskih (padavinskih) voda u pogledu smera, brzine i obima njihovog kretanja
(Dunnett & Clayden, 2007). Ova pojava posebno je izražena u gradskim sredinam gde
imamo značajno prisustvo nepropusnih površina, usled čega gradska zemljišta gube
veliki deo svog prirodnog kapaciteta za njihovu infiltraciju (National Association of City
Transportation Officials, 2017). Kako bi se sanirao povećani kapacitet i brzina oticanja
atmosferskih voda izgrađuju se razni odvodni sistemi, kao što su drenažni kanali, rigole,
ivičnjaci, oluci, kišni kanalizacioni sistemi i dr., koji usmeravaju i odvode padavinske
vode najčešće do najbiže vodene površine
Silicon modifies leaf nutriome and improves growth of oak seedlings exposed to phosphorus deficiency and Phytophthora plurivora infection
No full textBeneficial effects of silicon (Si) on plants have primarily been studied in crop species under single stress. Moreover, nutrient acquisition-based responses to combination of biotic and abiotic stresses (a common situation in natural habitats) have rarely been reported, in particular in conjunction with soil amendments with Si. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.), one of the ecologically and economically most important tree species in Europe, is facing a severe decline due to combined stresses, but also problems in assisted regeneration in nurseries. Here, we studied the effect of Si supply on the leaf nutriome, root traits and overall growth of 12-weeks-old oak seedlings exposed to abiotic stress [low phosphorus (P) supply], biotic stress (Phytophthora plurivora root infection), and their combination. The application of Si had the strongest ameliorative effect on growth, root health and root phenome under the most severe stress conditions (i.e., combination of P deficiency and P. plurivora root infection), where it differentially affected the uptake and leaf accumulation in 11 out of 13 analysed nutrients. Silicon supply tended to reverse the pattern of change of some, but not all, leaf nutrients affected by stresses: P, boron (B) and magnesium (Mg) under P deficiency, and P, B and sulphur (S) under pathogen attack, but also nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) under all three stresses. Surprisingly, Si affected some nutrients that were not changed by a particular stress itself and decreased leaf Mg levels under all the stresses. On the other hand, pathogen attack increased leaf accumulation of Si. This exploratory work presents the complexity of nutrient crosstalk under three stresses, and opens more questions about genetic networks that control plant physiological responses. Practically, we show a potential of Si application to improve P status and root health in oak seedlings, particularly in nurseries
Detecting Annual and Seasonal Hydrological Change Using Marginal Distributions of Daily Flows
No full textChanges in the hydrological regime are widely investigated using a variety of approaches. In this study, we assess changes in annual and seasonal flow characteristics based on a probabilistic representation of the seasonal runoff regime at the daily time scale. The probabilistic seasonal runoff pattern is constructed by determining quantiles from marginal distributions of daily flows for each day within the year. By applying Fourier transformation on the statistics of the daily flow partial series, we obtain smooth periodical functions of distribution parameters over the year and consequently of the quantiles. The main findings are based on the comparison of the dry, average, and wet hydrologic condition zones as defined by the daily flow quantiles of selected probabilities. This analysis was conducted for ten catchments in Serbia by considering changes between two 30-year nonoverlapping periods, 1961-1990 and 1991-2020. It was found that the relative change in runoff volume is the most pronounced in the extreme dry condition zone in the winter season (-33% to 34%). The annual time shift is the largest in the dry and average condition zones, ranging from -11 to 12 days. The applied methodology is not only applicable to the detection of hydrologic change, but could also be used in operational hydrology and extreme flow studies via drought indices such as the Standardized Streamflow Index
A Global Review on Innovative, Sustainable, and Effective Materials Composing Growing Media for Forest Seedling Production
No full textPurpose of Review The demand for forest tree seedlings is increasing globally, and Sphagnum peat moss is widely used as a component of growing media for container plant production. However, peat extraction is environmentally unsustainable. The forest nursery sector needs to switch to more sustainable alternatives to peat. This review aims to identify potential substitutes for peat by reviewing the worldwide literature on alternative materials for growing media in forest nurseries. Recent Findings Most studies on alternative growing media focused on single plant species growing under local conditions, thereby limiting generalizations about the effectiveness of alternative materials for plant production. To our knowledge, no systematic reviews of scientific literature on the effectiveness of new, alternative-to-peat materials for enhancing plant growth and the associated growing media characteristics for the forest nursery sector are currently available. Summary Most of the analyzed case studies focused on angiosperms (73.1%), with the majority of studies coming from tropical seasonal forests/savannas (36.5%), followed by woodlands/shrublands (31.6%), and temperate forests (15.0%) biomes. Compost was the most studied material (19.5%), followed by bark, other organic materials, and manure (9.8, 9.7, and 8.0%, respectively). Green and municipal wastes were the principal sources of compost ( gt 60%), while agriculture and green wastes were the first sources of other materials ( gt 90%). Tested materials were dependent on the geographic region. Thus, manure was the most tested material in Africa and South America, tree bark in North America, and compost in Europe, Asia, and Oceania. Alternative materials effectively provided optimal physicochemical characteristics of growing media and enhanced seedling nursery growth when compared with peat-based growing media in more than 60% of the case studies. This review helps to identify research gaps and, most importantly, provides the basis for the future application of alternative growing media materials in forest nursery management worldwide
Underlying Mechanisms of Urban Green Areas' Influence on Residents' Health-A Case Study from Belgrade, Serbia
No full textThe positive impacts of urban forests on residents' health are widely acknowledged. However, the methods used to quantify and demonstrate this relation are still a focus of research. The aim of the paper is to examine the relationship between the size and quality of different urban green areas to residents' health based on the face-to-face survey and remote sensing data at 12 locations in Belgrade. The socio-economic and self-perceived health characteristics were analyzed. Based on green areas' size and pollution, municipalities were divided into "less green" and "green". Vegetation quality was assessed by Sentinel-2 vegetation indexes (VI). Results show that residents in less green and green municipalities differ in physical, social, and emotional health. The quality of green areas was inversely proportional to the amount of money spent on medications and the number of doctor's visits indicating potential mechanisms of the health benefits of green areas. The lack of facilities led to different appreciation among residents. Results suggest that the quality of green infrastructure is more important than the amount in promoting residents' health. Relating the characteristics of green areas to visitors proved to improve the correlation between residents' health and the quality of green areas
Assessment of the condition of natural values of the forest management unit "Jasenovo-Božetići" in the area of Southwest Serbia
No full textU ovom radu prikazana je ocena stanja prirodnih vrednosti sastojina u odnosu na poreklo, strukturni oblik, mešovitost kao i u odnosu na pripadnost sastojine gazdinskom tipu. Objekat istraživanja je gazdinska jedinica ,,Jasenovo-Božetići" koja pripada Zapadnoj šumskoj oblasti u Srbiji. Ocena stanja je vršena u skladu sa metodom koji je razvijen na projektu pod nazivom Doprinos održivog gazdovanja šumama niskim emisijama i prilagodljivom razvoju (GCP/SRB/002/GEF). Ukupna površina na kojoj je vršena ocena prirodnih vrednosti iznosi 1684,7 ha. Na osnovu konačne ocene biodiverziteta, sastojine niske prirodne vrednosti pokrivaju površinu od 1205,6 ha (71,5%), sastojine srednje niže prirodne vrednosti 300,9 ha (17,9%), sastojine srednje više prirodne vrednosti 178,2 ha (10,9%), dok sastojine visoke prirodne vrednosti nisu registrovane.This paper presents the assessment of the condition of natural values of forest stands in relation to the origin, structural form, mixedness as well as in relation to affiliation of the forest stand to forest management type. The object of the research is the Forest management unit "Jasenovo-Božetići" which belongs to the Western forest region in Serbia. Assessment of the condition has been performed in accordance with the method developed on the project entitled Contribution of Sustainable Forest Management to Low Emission and Resilient Development (GCP/SRB/002/GEF). The total area on which the assessment of natural values was carried out amounts to 1684.7 ha. Based on the final assessment of biodiversity, the stands of low natural value cover the area of 1205.6 ha (71.5%), the stands of lower medium natural value cover 300.9 ha (17.9%), the stands of higher medium natural value 178.2 ha (10.9%), while stands of high natural value are not registered