Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Analysis of the possibility of application of gabion walls for landslide rehabilitation - Case study of a landslide on the road Stolice - Krupanj at km 0+578.6 - 0+605.90
No full textU ovom radu, analiza stabilnosti, pre i posle primene tehničkih rešenja, je vršena na klizištu koje se nalazi na relaciji Stolice – Krupanj, u zapadnom delu Republike Srbije. Klizište je zahvatilo i deo saobraćajnice tako da je kretanje saobraćaja bilo otežano. Analizirano je više rešenja potpornog zida od gabionskih korpi i nivelacionog rešenja padine koja je zahvaćena klizištem. Odabir optimalnog rešenja zasnovan je na ispunjenosti dva kriterijuma: stabilnost konstrukcije i stabilnost celokupne padine. Stabilnost pre primene tehničkih mera i generalna stabilnost padine sa primenjenim merama ispitivana je metodom Janbu-a, a lokalna stabilnost metodom Bishop-a. Provera stabilnosti zida izvršena je u pogledu preturanja i horizontalnog pomeranja. Ove analize izvršene su primenom softvera GEO5 (Geotechnical software). Analitičkim putem izvršena je i analiza nosivosti zemljišta ispod potpornih zidova metodom Brinc Hansen-a. Dva rešenja ispunila su zadate kriterijume, rešenja I sa faktorm sigurnosti Fs = 1,81 i rešenje II Fs = 1,75. Analiza nosivosti zemljišta pokazala je da temeljeno tlo može bezbedno da primi opterećenje od konstrukcije u slučaju oba rešenja. Za optimalno rešenje sanacije klizišta odabrano je rešenje II.In this paper, the stability analysis before and after the application of technical solutions was performed on a landslide located on the Stolicе-Krupanj route, in the western part of the Republic of Serbia. The landslide also affected part of the road, so the movement of traffic was difficult. Several solutions of the gabion retaining wall and the leveling of the slope affected by the landslide were analyzed. The selection of the optimal solution is based on the fulfillment of two criteria: the stability of the structure and the stability of the entire slope. The stability before the application of technical measures and the general stability of the slope with the applied measures were examined using the Yanbu method, and the local stability using the Bishop method. The stability of the wall was checked in terms of overturning and horizontal movement. These analyzes were performed using GEO5 software (Geotechnical software). Analytical analysis of the load-bearing capacity of the soil under the retaining walls was carried out using the Brinc Hansen method. Two solutions met the set criteria, solution I with a safety factor Fs = 1.81 and solution II Fs = 1.75. The analysis of the bearing capacity of the soil showed that the foundation soil can safely receive the load from the structure in the case of both solutions. Solution II was selected for the optimal solution for landslide rehabilitation
Deforestation and land degradation after restoration Serbian statehood in the 19th century
No full textTokom prvih decenija obnovljene srpske države, došlo je do velikih promena
u njenom društvenom i političkom životu. Izolovanost i slaba pokretljivost naroda,
tvrdoglavo istrajavanje na neodrživim običajima, demografska eksplozija, promena
načina poljoprivredne proizvodnje, loša zakonska regulativa uslovljena nestabilnom
unutrašnje političkom situacijom i nepovoljnim spoljno političkim okolnostima,
uticali su da dođe do potpuno nekontrolisanog obešumljavanja čiji je intenzitet bio
do tada nezabeležen. Do reakcije države je došlo tek kada su se degradacioni procesi i
bujične poplave toliko intenzivirali, da ih više nije bilo moguće ignorisati. Usprkos
više od 100 godina protiverozionog delovanja, mi se i danas borimo sa bujičnim
tokovima koji su aktivirani tokom prvih decenija obnovljene srpske države
Impact of plastic pollution on soil biological activity in white truffle habitats in the large river plains in Serbia
No full textThe impact of plastic pollution on forest soil biota is an emerging research area. There are knowledge gaps on a forest microbiome composition and activity as effected by wild waste deposition in forest ecosystems located on white truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico) habitat areas. Particles of plastic materials decompose into micro-plastic particles and are responsible for many changes in the soil physicochemical characteristics, including porosity, enzymatic activities, microbial activities, plant growth. One of the first investigations of plastic and microplastic (MP) in the soil on the territory of Serbia is currently underway and is being carried out within the project "Evaluation of the Microplastic in the Soils of Serbia - EMIPLAST - SoS". The research sites are located on the alluvial plains of the largest rivers in Serbia, which are the habitats of the white truffle.Forest sites visibly polluted and non-polluted by plastic materials were sampled and analysed for soil main chemical, physical and biological properties. Potentially mineralizable soil organic carbon was measured in a long-term incubation of soil samples with sequential measurement of the emitted CO2 flax by alkali trap method. Preliminary results showed that some soil properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, total C and N, CEC and mechanical composition are significantly affected by the presence of plastic materials. Generally, polluted sites showed elevated microbial respiration and the rates of C mineralization. For the Danube and Morava River basin the differences were significant, while for the Sava river basin the difference wasn’t significant. In order to establish the level of the negative impact of microplastics on soil properties and microbial activity in the longer term, the study is ongoing
Educational framework of erosion and torrent control: the path to lifelong learning
No full textEducation of experts for soil erosion and torrential flood
protection in Serbia has been continuously carried out for more
than 60 years through study programs of undergraduate, master,
and doctoral studies at the Faculty of Forestry, University of
Belgrade. In other European countries (Austria, Czech Republic,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, etc.), the education of
experts in solving problems in this field is carried out at forestry
faculties through several subjects at undergraduate or master
academic studies. In the last decades, frequent torrential floods
have caused enormous material damage to all sectors of the
economy and society as a whole, and frequent loss of human life.
For graduate engineers to have the necessary knowledge for soil
protection and torrential control, it is necessary not only to
improve the study programs at universities but also to improve
themselves through various forms of training during their working
life, i.e. lifelong learning. All levels of lifelong learning (formal, nonformal, and informal) can be applied for the continuous
development of employed engineers for erosion and torrent
control. Some of the engineers' training forms are constantly
being held in the Serbian Chamber of Engineers, such as seminars,
trainings, lectures, etc. After obtaining a license to design and execute works on erosion and torrent control, engineers are
required to attend or organize training. In 2000, the European
Union adopted the Memorandum on Lifelong Learning and
through many programs, such as Tempus and Erasmus+,
encouraged the development of this concept. The Erasmus+
project ‘’Soil erosion and torrential flood prevention: Curriculum
Development at the Universities of Western Balkan CountriesSETOF’’ (2018-2022, project coordinator Faculty of Forestry,
University of Belgrade) aimed at improving the knowledge of
graduate engineers through modernization of existing and
formation of new study programs, but also through training of
employed engineers in water management and forestry
enterprises. This project, through training on new approaches to
solving the problem of flood protection, included over 200
engineers from Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The results of the research on continuous professional
development conducted for the first time in Serbia in 2021, show
that 40.8% of the surveyed companies conduct professional
development of their employees. Training of experts and
education of employed engineers, including experts in erosion
and torrent control, is one of the priorities in the framework of
human resource management in water management enterprises.
Research conducted in 2019 shows that employees (47% of
respondents) in PWE "Srbijavode" recognize the efforts of the
management of the company investing in professional
development and that 75% of respondents participated or
currently participate in education programs. In the face of
increasing challenges in the fight against catastrophic torrential
floods, education after graduation becomes the obligation of
future engineer
Eutrophication assessment in Pannonian Basin (the case of Ludas Lake Special Nature Reserve and Palic Nature Park)
No full textAgricultural, industrial, and human activities in general threaten water quality, as well as the biotic integrity of aquatic ecosystems. The increased concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) affects high concentrations of chlorophyll (Chl-a) in freshwater ecosystems, which causes the process of eutrophication of the waters of shallow lakes. Eutrophication, as an alarming threat to the global quality of surface waters, affects environmental degradation. This research assesses the risk of eutrophication caused by chemical oxygen demand (COD), TN, TP, Secchi disk (SD), and Chl-a using the trophic level index (TLI) in Palic and Ludas lakes. Both lakes have been nominated as potential Natura 2000 areas in 2021 because they belong to important bird areas, and Ludas Lake has the status of Ramsar site 3YU002. In the research period from 2011 to 2021, the results showed that the lake is in an extremely eutrophic state. Laboratory analyses indicate an increased concentration of Chl-a during autumn. In the paper, the normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI) was calculated using the Google Earth Engine platform, and the result indicates the loading of the lake throughout the year, with an emphasis on winter, summer, and autumn. By using satellite images and remote sensing, it is possible to determine the most degraded spots, which is a help to the researchers in choosing the places where the samples will be taken and thus act more efficiently on the most endangered parts, as well as reduce the costs of standard in situ methods
Piceaabies (l.) H. Karst. Leaf temperature as an indicator of species resilience: a case study of the Cemernik mountains in southeast Europe
No full textNorway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.) is one of the ecologically and economically most important species in European forestry. According to the latest genocenological tests, environmental factors have a significant influence on the species' survival, and there is no decrease in variability in the periphery of its areal, thus the research of its resilience requires work on "plus" trees. The paper analyzed differences in thermal data of leaves in the sun and shade, trunk bark in the shade, and control surfaces in the sun: dry grass, dry soil, asphalt, and concrete, to obtain data on temperature differences as indicators of species resilience and to understand the impacts of local climate change in mountainous regions. In the summer of 2022, surface temperatures were recorded with a thermal camera on Mount Cemernik in Southeastern Europe. Monitoring and analysis of air temperatures included interpolations using a digital elevation model (DEM) and was based on the percentile method. The research results confirm significant differences between the temperatures of leaves and control surfaces. The importance of this paper is in the wide application of selected, resilient, Norway spruce "plus" trees in forestry, landscape architecture, and horticulture in Southern European habitats where scenarios predict that the climate will change, and the Norway spruce will move north
The effect of urban-rural gradient on black poplar endophagous herbivorous insects
No full textWith the process of urbanization and the development of cities, trees in the urban environment are becoming increasingly important. Those trees represent a habitat and a food source for many organisms, among which insects are the most numerous and diverse. The insect communities inhabiting them frequently differ from those found in the rural environment. However, the transition from rural to urban habitat is rarely sharp, as there are many intermediary habitats that often represent the species rich areas. We investigated how the urbanization gradient affects the black poplar endophagous herbivorous insect community. To determine that, we compared the leaf miner and gallicolous aphid species richness, abundance, and diversity along rural-urban gradients. The research was conducted in 2019, in three cities in Serbia, in rural, suburban, and urban areas. We concluded that urbanization significantly influences the black poplar leaf miner community, while it does not have a significant effect on the black poplar gallicolous aphid community. Significantly lower leaf miner species richness and diversity were recorded in the urban environment, while their abundance was significantly lower in suburban areas. Contrary to most species, Fenusella hortulana (Hymenoptera) reacted positively to urbanization, while Aulagromyza populi (Diptera) and Phyllonorycter extrematrix (Lepidoptera) were not significantly affected. As about 80% of leaf miner species and 40% of gallicolous aphid species still manage to survive in the urban environment, the trees present in the urban environment are important for the preservation of their fauna
Impact of Chainsaw Power on Fuel and Oil Consumption
No full textThis research was carried out in a selection stand of beech and fir, where logging was performed with chainsaws of different powers. Two chainsaws of 3.9 kW were used for work on one area, while on the other one the applied tools were a combination of a smaller and a larger saw (2.5 kW and 3.9 kW). After logging, the consumption of energy products (fuel (gasoline and motor oil mix ratio 50:1) and chainsaw oil) was measured for each individual chainsaw by the method of refueling. It was found that the power of the chainsaw, i.e., the combination of chainsaws of different powers, significantly influences the consumption of energy products in a beech-fir mixed stand. By using a combination of one larger and one smaller chainsaw instead of two larger chainsaws, savings of about 26% for fuel and 24% for oil were achieved. The prediction analysis found that by using two chainsaws (of lower and higher power) instead of two higher power chainsaws (currently common mode of work) in beech stands for an estimated volume of about 1 million m(3) year(-1), the savings could be about 54,000 L of fuel and about 19,000 L of oil. In monetary value, this is a saving of about EUR 120,000 year(-1), i.e., of about 2,500,000 MJ year(-1) of energy
Analiza finansijskih pokazatelja JP „Nacionalni park Kopaonik“
No full textThe paper analyzed business efficiency (productivity, economy and profitability) and business indicators (liquidity, solvency and indebtedness) of PE “National park Kopaonik“. The goal of the research is to identify their values, with the purpose of determining the situation and recognizing opportunities for possible improvement of certain segments in the business of the analyzed PE. The subject of the research is the financial reports of PE “National park Kopaonik“, and the data generated from them, based on which indicators of business success were determined