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Variability of anatomical and morphological traits of pinus nigra and pinus sylvestris seedlings affected by different container type
No full textIn the paper was analysed the influence of three different container types, used for cultivation of Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris seedlings, on dimensions of their anatomical (resin ducts width, resin ducts number, tracheid number, tracheid width, wood rays height) and morphological (height, root collar diameter, sturdiness coefficient) elements, and on proportion of wood, bark and pith, as well. Two-factorial ANOVA showed that container type affects a lot all investigated anatomical traits by both species, but on the other side, these species varied between each other just in terms of tracheid width and wood rays height. Based on descriptive statistics, significantly lower values of all studied anatomical elements were recorded by biodegradable compared to plastic containers. As for P. nigra seedlings, they showed the best anatomical performance in Plantagrah I, while Hiko V-120 SS was the most suitable for P. sylvestris. The highest proportion of pith and bark was recorded in biodegradable container. As for morphological parameters, such as height and root collar diameter, higher values were recorded by plastic containers
Заштита земљишта је заштита климе: позициони рад WASWC и IUSS о међусобним везама земљишта и климатских промена
No full textОвај рад наглашава значај и утицај светских земљишних система као регулатора
климе у њиховом још увек неискоришћеном потенцијалу за борбу против климатских
промена и тежњу савременог друштва за одрживим коришћењем ресурса и очувањем
живота на Земљи.
Овај рад наглашава значај управљања земљиштем и значај очувања земљишта као
суштинског алата за дуговечност цивилизација.
Евидентна је блиска веза између климатских фактора и карактеристиказемљишта.
Осим тога, земљиште активно утиче на климатске параметре, што га чини кључним
регулатором климатских услова.
Текст указује на визију која препознаје земљиште као природни систем са социоекономским предностима и еколошким функцијама и наглашава Европски зелени
договор и циљеве Уједињених нација у вези иницијативе које се баве питањима тла
и земљишта. Такође се наглашава потреба за дубоком и интелигентном радикалном
променом еколошких, друштвених и економских приступа у решавању климатских
промена. Истиче се одговорност садашње генерације да донесе праве изборе за планету
и будуће генерацијеThis position paper elaborates on the significance and implications of the world’s
soil systems as climate regulators in their still unexploited potential to fight climate change and
in the aspiration of modern society aiming at sustainable use of resources and safeguarding of
Erozija - 50.indd 57 12/30/2024 10:41:36 AM
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life on the planet. The paper stresses the importance of Soil Management and Land Conservation as essential tools for the longevity of civilizations. Under the current climate change, there
is a close relationship between climate factors and soil performance, but soil influences climate
parameters, making it an important climate regulator. The text calls for a vision that recognizes
soil as a natural system with socio-economic benefits and ecological functions and mentions
the European Green Deal and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals as initiatives
addressing soil and land issues. The text emphasizes the need for a profound and intelligent
radical change in environmental, social, and economic approaches to address climate change.
It highlights the responsibility of the current generation to make the right choices for the planet
and future generations
Crown structure of beech trees in a middle-aged coppice stand in Eastern Serbia
No full textU radu su prikazane osnovne karakteristike izgrađenosti kruna stabala bukve u srednjedobnoj nedovoljno negovanoj izdanačkoj sastojini na području istočne Srbije. U vreme proučavanja sastojina je bila starosti oko 57 godina, sa relativno velikim brojem stabala od 2.550 po ha. Prikazane su osnovne vrednosti dimenzija stabala, ukupno za sastojinu i diferenciranim po biološkim razredima, zatim diferenciranim u određene kategorije kvaliteta debla i kvaliteta krune, izraženih preko procentualne zastupljenosti stabala odgovarajućih morfoloških, bioloških i tehničkih karakteristika, i na osnovu toga, definisan je kvalitet sastojine. Srednja vrednost prečnika proučavane sastojine je 15,3 cm, srednja visina 14,8 m, a koeficijent vitkosti stabala je 97. Srednja vrednost prečnika posečenix i detaljno analiziranih stabala je 10,7 cm, srednja visina je 13,6 m, a koeficijent vitkosti 127. Na tim stablima vršena je analiza dimenzija i izgrađenosti debla i kruna: dužine debla i krune, visine početka krune i visine maksimalne širine krune, prečnika maksimalne širine krune. Vršena je takođe i analiza dimenzija i izgrađenosti jezgra kruna tih stabala: visina početka jezgra krune, širina jezgra krune na visini maksimalne širine krune, maksimalna širina osnove jezgra krune, visina vrha jezgra krune. Korišćenjem odgovarajućih matematičko-statistikih funkcija, vršeno je izravnavanje podataka i sve to je prikazano u vidu odgovarajućih tabela i grafikona
Seme Taxus baccata l. sa parkovskih stabala – morfološke karakteristike
No full textTaxus baccata L. is a rare species in the forests of Serbia, holding the status of a protected species
as a tertiary relic. Contrary to the distribution in forests, the species is represented in parks. Yew
is a dioecious species that bears fruit every or every other year, and the seeds are surrounded by
a fleshy red covering that is extremely attractive. Data on the morphological characteristics of yew
seeds are limited to a few literature sources due to the infrequent collection of seeds and significantly more frequent propagation by vegetative means. Seeds were collected during the fall of 2021
from 13 yew trees (11 trees from Belgrade and one from Novi Sad and Vrdnik) to investigate their
morphological characteristics. The morphological characteristics of the seeds (length and width of
the seeds diameter and shape of the seed scar, as well as dry weight of the seeds) from these trees
are within the limits of the values reported in the literature for yew seeds. Significant variability in
seed characteristics between the observed trees was proven using analysis of variance, and then
grouping was performed using post-hoc Tukey HSD. Individual trees that are spatially close to each
other showed a higher degree of seed similarity than spatially distant trees, as confirmed by cluster
analysis (Tree Clustering, Single Linkage-Euclidean distances)
Uporedni prikaz metoda za predviđanje promene namene zemljišta i zemljišnog pokrivača na primeru sliva reke Toplice do 2100. godine
No full textRazmatranje faktora koji na nivou sliva, osim promene
klime, utiču na budući vodni režim, obuhvata i promene
namene zemljišta i zemljišnog pokrivača. Cilj rada je da
se ispita učinak tri metode za predviđanje promene
namene zemljišta i zemljišnog pokrivača, na primeru
sliva reke Toplice do profila hidrološke stanice Doljevac
do 2100. godine. Za predviđanje su korišćene metode iz
dodatka MOLUSCE u softverskom paketu QGIS v2.18.
Uključene su četiri varijante ulaznih podataka dobijene
kombinovanjem digitalnog modela visina i pokazatelja:
odstojanje od puta, ekspozicija i nagib terena. Dobijene
vrednosti koeficijenta kapa i procentualne tačnosti sva
tri modela pokazuju dobru saglasnost osmotrenih i
simuliranih podataka. Rezultati simulacije promene
namene zemljišta do 2100. godine, između ostalog,
ukazuju na gubitak retkih na račun gustih šuma i
mešovitog šumskog i obradivog zemljišta, kao i
stagnaciju urbanih površina, što u budućnosti može
uticati na proces formiranja oticaja na slivu
Optimal logistics of the supply of woodchips for the working needs of a boiler plant on the example of ''Krusik'' enterprise, Valjevo
No full textIn the introductory part of the paper, the structure of wood waste and its energy potential
compared to other energy sources, as well as a very favorable price for obtaining energy from it.
The importance of wood waste is emphasized, whether it originates as a residue from forest
felling or as waste obtained from the processing of technical wood for industrial purposes. Larger
granulation waste, characteristic of forest logging, must be shredded for smooth operation of the
boiler or CHP plant. Pieces of larger granulation with admixtures of impurities can block the
operation of the screw conveyor, which is used to deliver wood waste either to the daily silo or to
the boiler firebox. In order for this not to happen, the classification of wood chips and ensuring its
quality are established by standards. The standards prescribe the determination of: chip granulation,
its elemental composition, moisture content, ash content, upper and lower thermal power, chip
granulation, etc. They are a prerequisite for the high-quality valorization of wood chips as a
renewable source and ecological fuel in which combustion products do not contain SOx
components, while the presence of COx components is reduced to a minimum in comparison with
fossil fuels, taking into account the low-temperature combustion. On the example of a company that
opted for biomass boilers, a techno-economic analysis which included the transportation problem
minimization costs is used to consider variant solutions and draw conclusions regarding: buying
wood chips directly from the producer or own production of wood chips by purchasing round wood
and chipping.
The conducted analysis is a help and guide for other companies that have decided for biomass
boilers and thereby achieve significant energy savings and contribute to ecology
Astronomska opservatorija kao ambijentalna celina: sinteza nauke, arhitekture i prirode – obaveza i neophodnost savremenog društva
No full textAstronomska opservatorija u Beogradu, osim potreba za razvojem i finansiranjem istraživačkih aktivnosti, zalaže se za očuvanje bogatog kulturno-istorijskog i prirodnog nasleđa. Zaštitu čitave ambijentalne celine moguće je ostvariti kroz harmoniju arhitekture i prirode. Pod ambijentalnom celinom, podrazumeva se sredina oblikovana za čoveka, atmosfera u kojoj živi i radi i njegovo okruženje. Ambijent obuhvata više pojmova, tj. elemenata, od „atmosfere“ u smislu pažljivo izabrane lokacije objekata, preko efekata koje u prostoru ostvaruju prirodni ili veštački izvori svetlosti, zvukova, toplote i dr. kao i do odnosa arhitektonskih objekata i postojećeg okruženja (Maldini, 2012). Kroz primere svetske prakse analiziran je prostorni razvoj astronomskih opservatorija uz potrebu da se unapredi postojeće stanje ambijentalne celine Opservatorije u Beogradu. Ovaj rad odnosi se na sinergiju arhitekture, prirode i nauke u ambijentu Astronomske opservatorije u Beogradu u jednoj od najstarijih naučnih institucija u Srbiji, koja je počela sa radom 1932. godine na lokaciji poznatoj kao „kota 253“ na „Laudanovom šancu“ brda „Velikog Vračara“
Pioneer narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl) stand structure before and after the current decline. A case study based on the permanent sample plots in Posavina and Podunavlje (Serbia)
No full textNa trajnim oglednim površinama u prirodno formiranim sastojinama poljskog jasena na površinama nekadašnjih barskih staništa u Posavini, na području Srema na humogleju, i u Podunavlju, na području Monoštorskog rita na fluvijalno-humusnom zemljištu, proučena je struktura pre i posle aktuelnog odumiranja poljskog jasena. Na području Srema ogledna površina (OP-1) je formirana krajem 1996. godine u sastojini staroj oko 20 godina i prikazana je njena struktura krajem 1996. i 2020. godine, a na području Monoštorskog rita ogledna površina (OP-2) je formirana krajem 2004. godine u sastojini staroj oko 38 godina i prikazana je njena struktura krajem 2004. i 2017. godine. Do osnivanja oglednih površina u sastojinama nisu vršene mere nege, a na oglednim površinama sprovođene su eksperimentalne selektivne prorede. Na OP-1 sprovedene su dve prorede, prva krajem 1996. godine, a druga krajem 2006. godine, a na OP-2 sprovedena je selektivna proreda krajem 2004. godine. Na osnovu procene biološkog položaja stabala, stepena stešnjenosti i stepena osutosti krošnje u 2017. i 2020. godini konstatovana je nepravilna izgrađenost sastojina i odumiranje poljskog jasena, što je primarno posledica izostanka adekvatne nege u periodu opredeljućem za njihov pravilan razvoj i višegodišnjeg sinergističkog delovanja nepovoljnih abiotičkih i biotičkih faktora na pogoršavanju uslova za njihov razvoj. Devitalizacija i odumiranje poljskog jasena u istraživanim sastojinama do 2017. i 2020. godine, sa daljom progresijom smanjenja vitalnosti, odvija se u uslovima izražene konkurencije i biološkog diferenciranja jasenovih stabala. Na OP-1 u 2020. godini 65,4% jasenovih stabala je imalo međustojeći i podstojni položaj, a u okviru 34,6% nadstojnih stabala 34,7% je imalo jednostrano, a 52,8% višestrano stešnjenu krošnju. Na sastojinskom nivou konstatovano je 23,6% suvih i 9,6% odumirućih, a samo 14,9% neoštećenih stabala poljskog jasena. Na OP-2 u 2017. godini 45,9% jasenovih stabala imalo je međustojeći i podstojni položaj, a u okviru 54,1% nadstojnih stabala 30,6% je imalo jednostranu, a 57,6% višestrano stešnjenu krošnju. Na sastojinskom nivou konstatovano je 26,8% suvih i 4,5% odumirućih, a 51,6% neoštećenih stabala poljskog jasena
Dynamics of artificial regeneration and establishment of new forests in Serbia for the period 2017-2023
No full textn the context of rising global temperatures and the escalating impacts of climate change,
increasing the area under forest has become a critical task within forestry. This study aims to analyze
the trends in afforestation over the past six years using statistical data, focusing on artificial regenration
and establishment of new forests.
Analysis of available data reveals significant disparities between afforestation efforts in state-owned
versus privately owned forests. In state-owned forests, afforestation with hardwoods is higher by
52.4% compared to conifers, and the largest number of used seedlings are oak (Quercus sp.), followed
by poplars (Populus sp.), which are followed to a much smaller extent by black locust (Robinia
pseudoacacia), other hardwood and softwood species, and finally beech (Fagus sylvatica). Among
conifers, spruce (Picea sp.) and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) dominate, followed by Scots pine (Pinus
sylvestris), fir (Abies alba), Weymouth pine (Pinus strobus) and Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
with a smaller number of seedlings. In private forests, conifers are afforested 15.6% more, spruce (Picea
sp.) and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra L.) also dominate, while in hardwoods this role is taken over by
poplar (Populus sp.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia).
Year-over-year analysis demonstrates the varying extents and intensities of reforestation efforts,
providing insights into the dynamic nature of these initiatives. These findings can inform more detailed
analyses that support forest management plans, thereby contributing to enhanced afforestation
strategies and subsequently expanding forested area