Omorika Digital repository of the Faculty of Forestry, University of Belgrad
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Building Mutual Understanding Between Industry And Local Community – Case Study: Drinking Water Quality Assessment On Mt. Rogozna
No full textIn alignment with its Environmental Social Governance (ESG)
program and commitment to the local community, Zlatna Reka Resources Ltd.
(ZRR) conducted a water quality assessment following the detection of high
heavy metals levels in the topsoil. Moreover, the hydrogeological settings of all
investigated springs make them highly vulnerable to various sources of pollution. This study aimed to evaluate potential impacts on drinking water used by the
local population on Mt. Rogozna. Analyses included chemical, physical, microbiological, and radiological parameters from eleven sampling locations. Most
water samples were classified as bicarbonate-calcium type. Results showed that
while some physical and chemical properties exceeded the maximum allowable
concentrations (MAC), heavy metals or organic pollutants were not registered.
However, a significant bacterial presence exceeding MAC was detected in almost all samples, indicating a potential health risk to the local population which
uses this water for drinking
Travnjaci trim-staza na području SP „Bojčinska šuma”, Beograd, Srbija
No full textOsnovni elemenat rekreativnih površina trim-staza u urbanim šumama jeste
travnjak, odnosno sejana i samonikla prizemna vegetacija. Korišćenje trim-staza
negativno utiče na pokrovnost travnjaka, dolazi do mehaničkih povreda biljaka, ali i do
promene florističkog sastava što vodi naseljavanju ruderalne vegetacije na ogoljenim
površinama odnosno invazivnih vrsta koje se dalje šire usled mreže staza u urbanim
šumama. Prostorni opseg uticaja korišćenja trim-staza na floru i vegetaciju varira, od 3-
4m do čak 10m udaljenosti od staze. Sprovedeno istraživanje je imalo za cilj utvrđivanje
stanja travnjaka u okviru zaštićenog područja SP „Bojčinska šuma” koje se intenzivno
koriste u rekreativne svrhe, a koje ukazuje na njihovo održavanje, sagledavanje prisustva
i zastupljenosti kvalitetnih grupa biljaka i dobijanje podataka sa formiranje smernica i
preporuka za buduće održavanje prostora.
Floristička istraživanja sprovedena su na području SP „Bojčinska šuma”
primenom standardne fitocenološke metode (Braun Blanquet, 1964), pri čemu se vodilo
računa da se obezbedi ravnomerna pokrivenost čitave staze. Flora je sagledavana u
pojasu 1-10m širine u odnosu na stazu. Istražene su 2 postojeće trim/šetne staze, a
evidentirane biljne vrste klasifikovane su u kvalitetne grupe prema metodi ŠoštarićPisačić (1974) dopunjena od strane Stavretović (2002).
Na analiziranim travnim površinama zabeleženo je ukupno 136 biljnih vrsta.
Najveći broj prisutnih biljaka svrstava se u grupu ostale zeljaste vrste (72,06%). Ostale
grupe biljaka zastupljene su sa malim učešćem, dok su kvalitetne trave zastupljene sa
udelom od svega 2,21%. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na stanje i izgled travnjaka koje
nije na zadovoljavajućem nivou, tj. nije u skladu sa njihovom namenom i funkcijom.
Travnjaci su proređeni, neadekvatne visine u odnosu na tip travnjaka kojem pripadaju, sa
velikim brojem vrsta, jako zakorovljeni, sa malim prisustvom plemenitih vrsta trava.
Trim-staze i šetne staze u urbanim šumama su kritične tačke koje trpe veliki pritisak usled
obavljanja intenzivne rekreativne aktivnosti i velikog broja korisnika na šta je ukazao
nizak kvalitet istraživanih travnjaka
Environmental Assessment/Evaluation of 3D Printing and 3D Printing with Wood-PLA Composites- Case Study
No full textcenter dot In recent years, additive manufacturing has become a regular process in various industries, and consequently there is an increasing need to evaluate the environmental aspects of this technology and its associated materials. In this paper, comparative cradle -to -grave life cycle assessments between a conventional product and a 3D -printed alternative made of polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA-wood material were investigated based on the standard ISO 14044:2006. The environmental impact of each product was quantified for 18 categories. The goal of life cycle assessment (LCA) was to determine whether the use of 3D printed PLA/PLA-wood products can be a sustainable alternative to traditional metal products. The paper presents a case study in which a comparative LCA was conducted. The results show that a metal part manufactured using conventional subtractive processes (milling, drilling, welding, etc.) has a higher environmental impact compared to 3D -printed alternatives made from renewable materials. However, there are many sub -issues that need to be adequately addressed
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Vegetation Response to Climate Change, Case Study: Republic of Serbia
No full textClimate change has a potentially negative impact on the overall vitality of vegetation in both forested and agricultural areas. A comprehensive understanding of the interaction between climate and vegetation across various land cover types holds significant importance from multiple perspectives. This research examined the current state of vegetation trends and their interplay with climate parameters, specifically temperature and precipitation. Additionally, it aimed to provide insights into the anticipated changes in these climate parameters in the future, across the entire area of the Republic of Serbia. The vegetation was observed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) obtained from AVHRR/NOAA 11 satellite for the vegetation season (May-October) from 1981 to 2021, while the climate data records used the examination of the relationship between climate indicators and vegetation were monthly mean 2m temperature and precipitation obtained from the ERA5-Land (from April to October). The nonparametric Mann-Kendall test implemented with the Sen's slope estimator and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was utilized to identify trends (for the NDVI and climate variables) and the strength of the correlation, respectively. To obtain the information of temperature and precipitation change in future (from 2071 to 2100), the ensemble mean of the eight climate models, for vegetation period and summer season (June-July-August) from the EURO-CORDEX database was used. Results show relatively high NDVI values ( gt 0.5) over the entire area and the statistically significant (p lt 0.005) positive NDVI trend increasing (up to 0.0006 year(-1) from the north (mainly agriculture cover) to the south (forest cover). In agricultural areas, a positive statistically significant correlation (r = 0.4-0.6, p lt 0.005) indicates that the quality of vegetation cover in rainfed agriculture is directly dependent on the amount of precipitation, which serves as the sole source of moisture input. In contrast, the situation differs in forested areas where the correlation between NDVI and precipitation is often statistically not significant (p gt 0.005) indicating that forests, because of their characteristics, are less dependent on the amount of precipitation. Regarding temperature, in agricultural areas, there is a positive correlation with NDVI, although it does not reach statistical significance. Conversely, in forested areas, a significant positive correlation is observed between NDVI and temperature which even positively contributes to the development of forest vegetation. In future, the recorded decline in precipitation (a substantial 22.72% drop) and the concurrent rise in temperature (up to 4.39(degrees)C) in vegetation period, until 2100 might impact the reduction of NDVI
Phytogeographical and biological spectrum of vascular flora as an indicator of ecological changes following clear-cutting in Eastern Serbian beech forest sites
No full textExtreme weather events caused considerable harm to the forest ecosystems in Eastern Serbia over a few hard winters, resulting in widespread ice breaks and ice uprooting. Certain forest stands were severely impacted during the winter of 2014-2015, necessitating clear-cutting measures. This research was conducted in the Timok forest area, through examination of the floristic composition in areas subjected to clear-cutting, including natural beech forests and artificially established conifer stands within beech sites (Helleboro odoriFagetum moesiacae). A phytogeographical and bioecological analysis was conducted five years after clearcutting. Changes in ecosystems were assessed by analysing the spectra of area-types and plant life forms, with comparisons drawn to the "Vinatova & ccaron;a" old-growth forest, situated in the submontane beech forest of Eastern Serbia. Descriptive analysis of the phytogeographical and bioecological spectra of vascular flora, alongside multinomial correspondence analysis, revealed an increased presence of species from Eurasian, Mediterraneansub-Mediterranean, and Pontic area-types, as well as hemicryptophytic, phanerophytic, and therophytic life forms in the clear-cut areas. In contrast, the old-growth forest was colonised by species of Central European and Holarctic area-types, along with geophytic life forms. These findings suggest a shift towards xerothermic microclimates in the clear-cut areas and the stronger influence of the continental climate of Eastern Serbia with its extremes on deforested areas, as well as on the processes of forest ecosystem degradation
The ongoing range expansion of the invasive oak lace bug across Europe: current occurrence and potential distribution under climate change
No full textIn recent years, the oak lace bug, Corythucha arcuata, , has emerged as a significant threat to European oak forests. This species, native to North America, has in the last two decades rapidly extended its range in Europe, raising concerns about its potential impact on the continent's invaluable oak populations. To address this growing concern, we conducted an extensive study to assess the distribution, colonization patterns, and potential ecological niche of the oak lace bug in Europe. We gathered 1792 unique presence coordinates from 21 Eurasian countries, utilizing diverse sources such as research observations, citizen science initiatives, GBIF database, and social media reports. To delineate the realized niche and future distribution, we employed an ensemble species distribution modelling (SDM) framework. Two future greenhouse gas scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) were considered across three-time intervals (2021-2040, 2061-2080, and 2081-2100) to project and evaluate the species' potential distribution in the future. Our analysis revealed that significant hotspots rich in host species occurrence for this invasive insect remain uninvaded so far, even within its suitable habitat. Furthermore, the native ranges of Turkey oak ( Quercus cerris L.) and Hungarian oak ( Quercus frainetto L.) species offer entirely suitable environments for the oak lace bug. In contrast, the pedunculate oak and sessile oak distribution ranges currently show only 40 % and 50 % suitability for colonization, respectively. However, our predictive models indicate a significant transformation in the habitat suitability of the oak lace bug, with suitability for these two oak species increasing by up to 90 %. This shift underlines an evolving landscape where the oak lace bug may exploit more of its available habitats than initially expected. It emphasises the pressing need for proactive measures to manage and stop its expanding presence, which may lead to a harmful impact on the oak population across the European landscape
Conceptualisation of the Regulatory Framework of Green Infrastructure for Urban Development: Identifying Barriers and Drivers
No full textUrban green infrastructure plays a crucial role in sustainable city development by offering a multitude of benefits, including improved environmental quality, increased social well-being, and enhanced economic prosperity. Evaluation and monitoring of regulatory implementation stand as essential components in the advancement of urban green infrastructure (GI) as they indicate the efficacy of regulatory acts and enable the assessment of their implementation success and adaptability to identified needs. This study identifies barriers and drivers based on the views of 352 professionals surveyed between 2018 and 2023 in Serbia. The primary data collection method employed questionnaire surveys. This study identified a range of barriers within existing legal frameworks, foremost of which include the lack of coordination and coherence between relevant ministries and governmental agencies, insufficient financial and human resources, the lack of transparency in the regulation development process, the need for strengthening technical capacities, and the absence of an adequate urban GI strategy. This research serves as a foundation for conceptualising GI regulatory elements that enhance urban GI development. Addressing these barriers necessitates efforts to improve coordination and collaboration among stakeholders, increase public participation, and enhance transparency in the regulatory process
Distribution of trace elements in forest soils in the area of Northern Serbia
No full textThe research was conducted in the area of Northern Serbia. The lowland hygrophilous forests of Gornji Srem where pedunculate oak is the dominant tree species were studied. In the paper was investigated the content of essential and non-essential heavy metals (Cu, Zn, As, Mn, Co, Pb, Ni, Cd) on two different soil types: hydromorphic (fluvisol) and automorphic (chernozem). Three experimental plots were analyzed on each soil type. Soil loading with heavy metals was studied by soil horizons. Based on the obtained results, it was established that the concentrations of all elements are within the allowed concentrations, except for nickel (Ni), whose values on some experimental plots and horizons exceed the maximum allowed concentrations. Content of all investigated elements are higher on fluvisol, except for As, whose amount is similar on both soil types. The obtained results indicate that the loading of heavy metals in both soil types is within the allowed limits and there is no significant negative impact on the development and production characteristics of the forest ecosystems located in researched area
Landscape approach to Forest landscape restoration (FLR): Case study of Surčin minicipality
No full textPlanning att heland scape scale ”isthenewparadigmofspatialdevelopmentwhichembracesthemanagement,protection,andrestorationofthelandscapecharacterdistinguishedthrough“landscapeapproach”whichdiffersfromtraditionalsectoralandproject-basedapproaches.Theinstitutionalizationof“theplanningatthelandscapescale”hasshownanupwardtrajectorysincetheRepublicofSerbiaratifiedtheEuropeanLandscapeConvention(ELC).The ELC aims to promote the institutionalization of landscape planning, management, and protection across all landscapes, whether urban, rural, or natural. Thelandscapeplanningapproachintegratestheprinciplesoflandscapeecology,principlesoflandscapeaesthetics,andtransdisciplinaryresearch.Thisapproachissolution-oriented,aimingtopreserve,restore,andenhancethelandscape’scharacter–thedistinctivestructureandimageofthelandscape.Itachievesthisthroughthe“conservationanddevelopmentoflandscapepatterns(mosaic),consideringlanduse,therelationshipbetweenbuiltandopenspaces,andthedistinctqualitiesofthebuildings."(SpatialPlanoftheRepublicofSerbia,2035).Asoneofthenoveltoolsthatcaneffectivelysupporttheachievementofnational-levelspatialplanningobjectives,thedevelopmentoftheForestLandscapeRestoration(FLR)methodologyholdsthepotentialforincorporatingthefollowinggoalsandprinciplesrelatedtolandscapeplanning,protection,andsustainableutilization:-Integratingthelandscapeapproach(emphasizing thevalueoflandscapecharacter)intotheforestryplanningandmanagementsystem;-Forestrydevelopmentalignedwiththerecognizedvaluesofthelandscapecharacter(qualityobjectives,landscapecapacity,andsensitivity);-Urbanlandscaperestoration,preservation,andenhancementofthecharacteristicstructureandimageoflandscapesthrough;a)establishingurbanspatialorderandpreservingremnantelementsoftherurallandscape(reforestationandafforestationwithinagroforestryareas,peri-urbanmosaicscomplexes,surfacewatercourses)insuburbanareas;d)preservingspaceforgreeninfrastructuredevelopment,asameasureofthecity'sadaptationtoclimatechange,andcreatinganetworkofgreenandpublicspacesthatconnectthenaturalandculturalvaluesofurbansettlements.Inthispaper,wepresenttheSurčinForestLandscapeRestorationPlancasestudy,demonstratinglandscapecharacterassessment(LCA)asaresearchmetho
Stand dynamics as a basis for ensuring the principle of sustainable forest management on the example of the stand of an atypical selection structure in the management unit “Tara”
No full textPredmet ovih istraživanja su prebirne sastojine na području Nacionalnog parka Tara, planinskog masiva ravne Tare u okviru istoimene gazdinske jedinice (GJ). Ove sastojine čine preko 90% ukupne površine šuma GJ i sa uređajnog aspekta karakteriše ih strukturna zapuštenost i značajno odstupanje od uravnoteženog stanja. Osnovna pretpostavka istraživanja se ogleda u testiranju mogućnosti značajnog uticaja na popravljanje strukture ovih šuma u toku uređajnog perioda i mogućnost prepoznavanja smera njihovog razvoja kao posledica primene različitih tretmana. Testiranje ove pretpostavke je izvršeno u odnosu na seču prema realnoj (planiranoj doznaci), mogućoj (doznaci u različitim sastojinskim situacijama u konkretnom odeljenju na šest probnih površina veličine po 10 ari) i pretpostavljenoj doznaci (teorijska kategorija). Ocena razvoja je izvršena prema rezultatima uticaju doznake (seče) na promenu stanja na kraju uređajnog perioda. Za realizaciju postavljenog cilja odabrano je odeljenje 66, odsek a kao tipični predstavnik ovih sastojina. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju da testirane različite varijante doznake samo delimično mogu popraviti strukturnu zapuštenost. Primenom poslednje (teorijske) varijante doznake delimično se ostvaruju pozitivni razvojni elementi sastojine (smanjivanje broja stabala iznad prečnika sečive zrelosti). Analizom rezultata može se zaključiti da je prepoznavanje smera razvoja sastojine i njegovo usmeravanje primarna kategorija aktivnosti u jednom uređajnom periodu. Normalna prebirna struktura kao teorijska kategorija je istovremeno i osnovni cilj njenog postojanja prema kojoj je neophodno usmeravati aktivnosti. U konkretnim sastojinskim oblicima osnovna preporuka se odnosi na razumevanje problema kao dugoročne kategorije, sa elementima koji ukazuju na poboljšavanje stanja na kraju uređajnog period