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Building Reservoirs as Protection against Flash Floods and Flood Basins Management-The Case Study of the Stubo-Rovni Regional Water-Management System
No full textGlobal warming and climate change cause large temperature oscillations and uneven annual rainfall patterns. The rainy cycles characterized by frequent high-intensity rainfall in the area of the Stubo-Rovni water reservoir, which in 2014 peaked at 129 mm of water in 24 h (the City of Valjevo, the Republic of Serbia), caused major floods in the wider area. Such extremes negatively affect erosion processes, sediment production, and the occurrence of flash floods. The erosion coefficient before the construction of the water reservoir was Zm = 0.40, while the specific sediment production was about 916.49 m3 center dot km-2 center dot year-1. A hydrological study at the profile near the confluence of the Jadar and Obnica rivers, i.e., the beginning of the Kolubara river, the right tributary of the Sava (in the Danube river basin), indicates that the natural riverbed can accommodate flows with a 20% to 50% probability of occurrence (about 94 m3/s), while centennial flows of about 218 m3/s exceed the capacities of the natural riverbed of the Jadar river, causing flooding of the terrain and increasing risks to the safety of the population and property. The paper presents the impacts of the man-made Stubo-Rovni water reservoir on the catchment area and land use as the primary condition for preventing erosion processes (specific sediment production has decreased by about 20%, the forest cover increased by about 25%, and barren land decreased by 90%). Moreover, planned and controlled management of the Stubo-Rovni reservoir has significantly influenced the downstream flow, reducing the risks of flash floods
Selection of plant species according to the hardiness zones
No full textU hortikulturi, odavno je prepoznata važnost preciznog predviđanja zimskih povreda
kao ključne komponente efikasnog gajenja drvenastih i zeljastih višegodišnjih biljaka u različitim
klimatskim uslovima. Relativno jednostavan metod koji se koristi za vizuelizaciju geografskih
obrazaca, koji prikazuju jačinu povreda biljaka na niskim temperaturama, je mapiranje klimatološke
varijable koja je blisko povezana sa obrascima preživljavanja biljaka. Dakle, zona otpornosti na
niske temperature predstavlja geografsko područje definisano određenom srednjom godišnjom
minimalnom temperaturom, faktorom koji je relevantan za opstanak mnogih biljaka. Originalni
i najčešće korišćeni sistem, koji je razvilo Ministarstvo poljoprivrede Sjedinjenih Država (U.S.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE - USDA) kao grubi vodič, definiše 13 zona prema prosečnim
godišnjim ekstremnim minimalnim temperaturama. Široko je prihvaćen sistem, a prilagođen je i
od strane drugih zemalja (kao što je Kanada) u različitim oblicima. USDA mapa zona otpornosti
biljaka na niske temperature, je standard po kome svako može da odredi koje će višegodišnje
biljke najverovatnije uspevati na datoj lokaciji. Mapa zona otpornosti na niske temperature u
ovom istraživanju je zasnovana na 30-godišnjoj prosečnoj godišnjoj minimalnoj temperaturi. Za
našu analizu koristili smo najnoviji dostupni vremenski okvir: 1991-2020, za trenutnu mapu, i
2091-2120 za projektovanu kartu. Prema klimatskim podacima dobijenim preko Digitalnog atlasa
klime Srbije, u Srbiji trenutno postoje 4 zone otpornosti (podeljene na 6 podzona): 5b do 8a, što
znači da biljke u (različitim delovima) Srbije mogu da prežive minimalne zimske temperature od
-23,4 °C do -11,8 °C. Prema projekcijama RCP 4.5 i RCP 8.5, minimalne temperature će znatno
porasti, pa ćemo imati zone 6b do 9a (min. zimske temperature od -18,45 °C do -2,73 °C) ili
zone 7a do 9b (min. zima). temperature od -16,81 °C do -1,9 °C) respektivno. Biljne vrste koje
su aklimatizovane na određenu zonu otpornosti treba koristiti na odgovarajući način. Takođe,
potrebno je obratiti pažnju na tržište biljnog materijala, na način da se biljne vrste proizvedene u
jednoj zoni otpornosti na niske temperature prodaju i koriste u odgovarajućim zonama. Pripremili
smo izbor najčešćih vrsta drveća, žbunja i višegodišnjih biljaka u Srbiji, prema zonama otpornosti
na niske temperature, i dali predloge pogodnih područja na kojima je sadnja najpogodnija.
Odnosno koja su to područja u Evropi odakle je najpogodnije nabaviti sadni materijal
Hidden Phytophthora diversity unveiled in tree nurseries of the Czech Republic with traditional and metabarcoding techniques
No full textPhytophthora diversity was examined in eight forest and ornamental nurseries in the Czech Republic. A leaf baiting isolation technique and, in two nurseries, also Illumina DNA metabarcoding were used to reveal the diversity of Phytophthora in soil and irrigation water and compare the efficacy of both approaches. In total, baiting revealed the occurrence of 12 Phytophthora taxa in 59.4% of soil samples from seven (87.5%) nurseries. Additional baiting of compost was carried out in two nurseries and two Phytophthora species were recovered. Irrigation water was examined in three nurseries by baiting or by direct isolation from partially decomposed floating leaves collected from the water source, and two Phytophthora species were obtained. Illumina sequencing of soil and water samples was done in two and one nurseries, respectively. Phytophthora reads were identified as 45 Phytophthora taxa, 15 of them previously unknown taxa from Clades 6, 7, 8 and 9. Another 11 taxa belonged to known or undescribed species of the oomycete genera Globisporangium, Hyaloperonospora, Nothophytophthora, Peronospora and Plasmopara. Overall, with both techniques 50 Phytophthora taxa were detected with five taxa (P. taxon organica, P. plurivora, P. rosacearum, P. syringae and P. transitoria) being exclusively detected by baiting and 38 only by DNA metabarcoding. Particularly common records in DNA barcoding were P. cinnamomi and P. lateralis which were not isolated by baiting. Only seven species were detected by both techniques. It is recommended to use the combination of both techniques to determine true diversity of Phytophthora in managed or natural ecosystems and reveal the presence of rare or unknown Phytophthora taxa
Forest fruit species of urban forest “Košutnjak” (Serbia) – genepool assessment and conservation
No full textForest fruit species are important components of forest ecosystems in many aspects, as a food source
for birds and small mammals; they attract and keep pollinators, and have an esthetic role in urban
forests, especially during the flowering season. The potential impact of urbanization and pollution on
their health and survival can significantly damage the balance of the ecosystem and represent a
biodiversity loss. Aim of this paper was to identify individuals and groups of forest fruit species in the
urban forest “Košutnjak” and to establish foundational knowledge about locally available gene pool
recourses for further in situ and ex situ conservation. The protected area “Košutnjak Forest” is
located in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, with 1.6 million inhabitants. The entire area (330 ha) of the
urban forest is under the strong anthropopressure. A significant number of species were found, 21
wild woody fruit species belonging to 7 families and 11 genera. Eight species in the shrub form:
Cornus mas, Cornus sanguinea, Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina,
Rubus hirtus, and Sambucus nigra, and 13 in the tree form, 9 native: Prunus cerasifera, Prunus
domestica, Prunus avium, Pyrus pyraster, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus domestica, Sorbus torminalis,
Corylus colurna, Juglans regia, Castanea sativa, and 4 non-native: Juglans nigra, Morus alba, Morus
nigra and Prunus serotina, were found. The database of forest fruit species genepool is deposited in
the Center for Monitoring and Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources at the University of
Belgrade - Faculty of Forestr
Female students’ perspectives on forestry careers in Serbia
No full textForestry plays a crucial role in the creation of green jobs and contributes significantly to the
transition to a green economy by providing employment opportunities that benefit the
environment and conserve natural resources (Olson, 2011). Besides providing green jobs, the
forestry sector contributes to a low-carbon economy and promotes sustainability through the
use of renewable resources and the creation of employment opportunities in rural areas
(Kaur, Sharma, 2016). Sustainable forest management practices not only provide timber
resources, but also contribute to biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation and the
creation of meaningful employment opportunities (Imbrenda et al., 2023)
Phytoremediation Potential of Different Genotypes of Salix alba and S. viminalis
No full textElevated concentrations of heavy metals result in soil degradation, a reduction in plant yields, and a lower quality of agricultural products, which directly endangers people, animals, and the ecosystem. The potential of three clones of Salix alba (347, NS 73/6, and B-44) and one genotype of S. viminalis for the phytoextraction of heavy metals was investigated, with the aim of identifying the most physiologically suitable willow genotypes for use in soil phytoremediation. The experiment was placed on the contaminated soil substrate collected in Kolubara Mining Basin (Serbia), enriched by high loads of heavy metal salts, and a control medium. Significant differences in the concentrations of heavy metals were recorded between the contaminated and control plant material, especially when it comes to nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), confirming that S. alba and S. viminalis are hyperaccumulator species of heavy metals. Clone 347 shows the greatest uptake of Cd and chromium (Cr), and clone B-44 takes up these metals only to a lesser extent, while clone NS 73/6 shows a less pronounced uptake of Cr. The roots have the greatest ability to accumulate Ni and Pb, Cu is absorbed by all plant organs, while Cd is absorbed by the leaves. The organ that showed the greatest ability to accumulate heavy metals was the root, which means that willows have a limited power to translocate heavy metals to above-ground organs. The studied genotypes of S. alba have a higher potential for the phytostabilization of Cu and Cd, as well as the phytoextraction of Cd, compared with S. viminalis. The results confirm the assumption of differences between different willow genotypes in terms of the ability to phytoextract certain heavy metals from soil, which is important information when selecting genotypes for soil phytoremediation
Forest seedlings in Serbia – production and quality
No full textPrema podacima Uprave za šume (2020), šumske sadnice u Srbiji se proizvode u 87
registrovanih šumskih rasadnika od kojih se samo 32 šumska rasadnika nalaze u privatnom
vlasništvu. Proizvodnja šumskih sadnica se obavlja na površini od 475,44 ha, a najveći broj
proizvedenih šumskih sadnica su lišćari od kojih najviše topola, a zatim bagrem i hrastovi, dok
se od četinara proizvode crni bor i smrča. Asortiman proizvodnje šumskog sadnog materijala u
Srbiji je dosta uzak, a kvalitet proizvedenog sadnog materijala upitan sa više aspekata. Kvalitet
sadnica se određuje samo na osnovu morfoloških karakteristika (visina i prečnik korenovog
vrata) prateći Standard o kvalitetu šumskih sadnica lišćara/četinara (SRPS D.Z2.111:1968/SRPS
D.Z2.112:1968) koji je bez izmena u upotrebi duže od 50 godina. U Srbiji se godišnje proizvede
oko 3 miliona šumskih sadnica što nije zadovoljavajući obim proizvodnje imajući u vidu površine
koje su opredeljene i registrovane u ovu svrhu. Godišnje pošumljena površina ima tendenciju
opadanja u poslednjih 20 godina i može se dovesti u vezu sa nedostatkom šumskih sadnica,
ali se ne može smatrati jedinim uzrokom ovakvog trenda. Trenutno stanje ukazuje na potrebu
za proizvodnjom sadnica većeg broja vrsta šumskog drveća sa posebnim akcentom na retke i
ugrožene vrste. Unapređenje tehnologije proizvodnje i bolje korišćenje postojećih kapaciteta u
rasadnicima je neophodno u svrhu proizvodnje većeg broja šumskih sadnica, boljeg korišćenja
površina i proizvodnje kvalitetnog sadnog materijala
Pan-European Network for Climate Adaptive Forest Restoration and Reforestation (PEN-CAFoRR)
No full textThe overall goal of this Action was to tackle the wide range of issues of forest restoration and
reforestation in changing climate, and although the most important research and scientific results will
be mentioned, the focus here will be on networking as the core of this Action.
During the COST Action CA19128 an official total of 167 members from 35 European countries has
created the Pan-European Network for Climate Adaptive Forest Restoration and Reforestation (PENCAFoRR). Yet, the network is much wider as it incorporates many of those who did not apply for an
official membership in one of the four Working Groups (WG) as well as some members with affiliations
outside of Europe. As in any voluntary based action, the network members contributed to the ongoing
actions according to their everyday businesses and lives, as well as to personal sense of responsibility.
We can argue that everyone had opportunity to pursue the personal interest at the time; for some the
focus was more on traveling and networking per se, some others use the network to create new teams
and to cooperate with other members on new research and writing endeavors, and for some others
the network is a great space to develop and test ideas. Supported by the COST Association, the PENCAFoRR network has constantly grown during the Action lifetime, and the Action leadership, heavily
supported by the Action’s Science Officer and Administrative Officer managed this large network to
the end
Botanical heritage as inspiration for biodesign
No full textPredmet ovog istraživanja predstavlja izučavanje botaničkog nasleđa i njihovih formi kao
inspiracije za biodizajnerski postupak, a u cilju kreiranja konceptuialnih rešenja kao sredstva za
podizanje svesti o samom botaničkom nasleđu određenog mesta. Spoj botaničkog nasleđa (biokulturno-istorijskog nasleđa) i koncepta održivosti, jeste deo nove dizajnerske agende koja
nastoji da spoji lepotu, održivost i inkluzivnost u jedno: New European Bauhaus. Cilj ovog rada
jeste prikaz odabranih botaničkih vrsta od značaja za odabrane lokacije i potencijala koji mogu
da imaju u oblasti biodizajna, kao održiva rešenja koja dolaze iz prirode. Odabrane su dve
lokacije: gradovi Beograd (Srbija) i Najrobi (Kenija). U ovom radu predstavljena su dva
biodizajnerska konceptualna rešenja. Za prvo rešenje, inspiracija za bio-dizajn bila je vrsta
Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. iz Kenije, poznato i kao afričko plameno drvo. „Afričko drvo
plamena“ (čije je uobičajeno ime Nandi Flame u Keniji) prepoznato je kao simbol borbe za životnu
sredinu. Inspiracija za drugo biodizajnersko konceptualno rešenje jeste zaštićeno stablo platana
u Topčiderkom parku Platanus x acerifolia (Aiton) Willd. Zaštićeno stablo platana u Topčiderkom
parku koje predstavlja botaničko kulturno istorijsko nasleđe, ne samo grada Beograda, već i Srbije.
Kao spomenik prirode botaničkog karaktera, ovaj platan približne je starosti oko 200 godina. Na
prikazanim biodizajnerskim konceptima je primenjen isti istraživački okvir koji je obuhvatao
terensko istraživanje, identifikaciju poželjnih morfoloških karakteristika i digitalno modelovanje
(u odgovarajućim softverima) na bazi odabranih morfoloških formi radi izrade biodizajnerskih
konceptualnih rešenja prikazanih u ovom radu
Rational use of energy and waste heat at compressor plants in the wood processing industry of Serbia
No full textObtaining pressurized air represents a significant expenditure of energy for every branch of industry, and today it is simply unthinkable to exist industrial plants without the production, distribution and use of pressurized air. This is particularly representative in the wood processing industry where it has been shown that there is a low awareness of the savings that can be made with the produced air under pressure, starting from its proper use to the use of waste heat through recovery. Bearing the above in mind, research was carried out in companies of the wood industry in Serbia in order to analyze the economics of obtaining and adequate use of pressurized air. Also, solutions were suggested for the recovery of waste heat in screw and reciprocating compressor plants, which are most present in the wood processing industry, as shown by the survey. The conclusions were drawn in the form of guidelines for the rational use of pressurized air, which can bring significant savings in energy consumption and increase efficiency and productivity in work