KASU JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
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Determinants of Demand for Portable Water and Sanitation in Benue State, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study examined the determinants of demand for portable water and sanitation in Benue state, Nigeria. The study utilizes primary data generated through the administration of questionnaires to the respondents in the study area that comprises of the six (6) Local Government Area of the state, vis-à-vis Okpokwu, Ado, Ogbadibo, Oturkpo, Agatu and Ohimini respectively. The population of the study is 1,113,060 and the sample size of 400 was used. The study used Taro Yamane sampling techniques and the model for the study is Logit through systematic random sampling with the application of SPSS statistical package for social sciences. The results of the major empirical findings demonstrate that income of household head, local and ownership of dwelling unit are major determinants of demand for portable water and sanitation in Benue State. The findings also reveal that household size and gender averagely determine the household demand for portable water in Benue state, while the level of education exerted the least (negative) impact on demand for portable water in Benue state. The study therefore, concludes and recommends that income of household head, location of a household head and ownership dwelling unit are major determinants of demand for portable water in Benue State and that government should as a matter of urgency, extends the provision of pipe borne water to rural areas to improve rural dweller’s chance of having access to portable water
EXCHANGE RATE, INFLATION, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF SELECTED WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES
Full text linkThis study investigates the correlation between the exchange rate, inflation, foreign direct investment, and economic growth of Nigeria, Gambia, Ghana, and Senegal from 2000 to 2022. The analysis employs panel random effect methodology. The study utilised secondary data obtained from the World Bank website. The STATA programme was employed because to its capability to do thorough data analysis. The Levin, Lin, and Chu panel data unit root test revealed that none of the variables exhibited stationarity at the level. However, the gross domestic product (GDP) and official exchange rate displayed stationarity at the first difference. Only foreign direct investment (FDI) demonstrated nonstationarity at both stages. The cointegration test indicates that the variables exhibit cointegration. The panel random effect regression analysis reveals that foreign direct investment, exchange rate, and inflation rate have a negative impact on economic growth. The Random Effect regression model suggests that a 1-unit increase in the official exchange rate is associated with a 0.25-unit decline in gross domestic product (GDP). The study suggests that the governments of the chosen nations should contemplate adopting more consistent exchange rate policies and expanding the economic foundation. In order to ensure price stability, the Central banks in these nations may need to implement stricter monetary policies or inflation targeting as part of their policy coordination efforts. This can provide a more favourable climate for economic growth
EFFECTS OF KIDNAPPING –RELATED HEALTH RISKS ON THE WELFARE OF VICTIMS IN KAJURU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkKidnapping poses a very serious health threat to victims and their families in Nigeria, particularly in Kajuru Local Government Area of Kaduna State. This local government area has suffered severe continued bandits and kidnapper’s attacks. Majority of victims have been displaced from their ancestral communities seeking refuge in some Internally Displaced Persons’ Camps (IDPs) which are mostly primary schools. Kaduna State has no single permanent IDPs camp built by any of the past and incumbent government. Kajuru Local Government Area is famous with long term incessant conflicts between the indigenes (Adara) and the settlers who are mostly Hausa/Fulani ethnic groups. The kind of kidnapping in this region is mostly that of religious type of kidnapping than ransom kidnapping. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the health risks associated with kidnapping on victims ‘well-being. The study adopted qualitative method encompassing Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and In-depth Interviews (IDIs) for the collection of data with 72 participants. The data were analyzed using ethnographic analysis of Morgan’s approach of 1968.The findings highlight the severe physical and emotional health risks associated with kidnapping, including injuries, illnesses, psychological trauma, and mental health disorders. Ethnographic analysis highlighted the long-term physical and psychological impacts on victims. The study recommends government, non-governmental organizations, communities and individuals to aggressively and massively initiate comprehensive support services, including counseling programs, rehabilitation, psychotherapy, and social support and welfare to help victims recover from their trauma and rebuild their lives
UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF KIDNAPPING IN BIRNIN-GWARI LGA OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE UNDERLYING CAUSES
Full text linkThis research investigates a critical analysis of drivers of kidnapping in Birnin –Gwari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Kidnapping has assumed a more dangerous dynamic dimension in Birnin-Gwari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. with kidnappers and bandits running a parallel government alongside with Kaduna State Government as reported by the immediate past Kaduna State Governor, Mallam Nasiru El-Rufai in 2021. The local government has been invaded by ISWAP, Boko-Haram and Fulani Militia group terrorizing community members, farmers, traders, passengers and motorists and educational institutions. This research paper seeks to explore the driving forces contributing to kidnapping incidents in Birnin-Gwari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. The study adopted the survey method using structured closed-ended questionnaire to collect data from the victims of kidnapping from 6 political wards. The sample size was made up of 395 victims who were purposively selected using Taro-Yamane’s formula. It was revealed that majority (85%) of the victims affirmed unemployment, 75.6% affirmed political activities, and 79.7% affirmed religious extremism all contribute to kidnapping incidents in Birnin-Gwari Local Government Area of Kaduna State. The study concluded that incidents of kidnapping in Birnin-Gwari Local Government Area of Kaduna State can be attributed to unemployment, political activities and religious extremism. The study also recommended that Government should promote inter-ethnic and religious harmony and conflict resolution initiatives among the conflicting communities and Government should implement inclusive political policies and promote political participation and among others
MODERATION EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE IN NIGERIA: EVIDENCE FROM A DYNAMIC MODEL
Full text linkThis study explores the moderation effect of financial development on the relationship between financial Inclusion and capital structure in Nigeria for the period between 2008 and 2024. Many studies that discuss the effect of Financial Development, financial Inclusion and capital structure appeared to generalize results across countries and sectors. This study aims to expand the literature by scrutinizing the relationship amongst financial development, financial Inclusion and capital structure on the Nigerian economy in order to add to the stock of information on the path and also to the new trends and relationship between macroeconomic variables (inflation, interest rate and growth rate of GDP, firm size, tax, profit) on the debt structure and access to finance of Nigerian non-financial firms. The study uses secondary data collected for Nigeria's non-financial companies and employs a dynamic model (2 step GMM) to analyze the data collected for the study. The study also provides for some policy implication based on corporate managers who are saddled with the responsibilities of managing the debt structure of the company, the financial institutions who in Nigeria play a greater role in financing debt requirements of these companies in questions, the policy makers who are saddled with the responsibilities of managing the macro-economic variables which are the measuring rods in the growth and development of an economy
Impact of Trade-Finance Openness and Economic Development in Africa: A Panel Study of 44 Sub-Saharan African Countries
Full text linkoai:ojs2.kasujeds.com.ng:article/1There is global emphasis to liberalize trade and capital account. Yet, there impact of openness of trade and capital accounts are mixed, with few studies focusing on African Developing countries. The study examined the impact of openness (trade-financial) on economic development in Africa. This study uses annual data collected from 2002-2019 in a sample of 44 Sub Saharan African countries. The study employed a dynamic model Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM) both difference and system GMM were used to analyse the data. The result shows that trade de-facto has a positive and significant link to economic development while the financial de-facto has a negative and significant relationship to economic development. These clearly, show that the relationship between financial openness on economic development is asymmetry and depends on the level of trade openness. Inflation and government expenditure have negative but significant relationship to economic development. The study recommends that policy makers should concentrate on policies aimed at promoting openness with regard to trade liberalization and finance which leads to economic development, and to also place more priority on the openness (trade-finance) in their country since it has the greater effect on development
IMPACT OF MINIMUM WAGE ON FIRM-LEVEL PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA
Full text linkDespite the fact that Nigeria is one of the top oil exporters in Africa, its failure to maintain a high productivity has affected growth and spread of wealth beyond a few rich elites. The aim of implementing the minimum wage is to alleviate poverty, reduce exploitation from employees, reduce income inequality and create incentive to work. This study examined the impact of minimum wage on Firm-level productivity in Nigeria. Data was sourced from the firm-level enterprise survey obtained from World Bank from 2007 to 2014 and the Difference-in-Difference(DID) approach was used for the analysis. The D.I.D is a quasi- experimental approach is a quasi- experimental strategy typically used to estimate the effect of a specific intervention by comparing the changes in outcome over time between a population that is enrolled in the programme and that which is not. The findings showed an insignificant, negative impact of minimum wage on productivity (-1.895). The study concluded that raising minimum wage alone may not necessarily improve productivity. The recommendation includes urging firms to hire employees on merit so as to improve productivity
Public Debt, Tax and Economic Growth in Economic Community of West Africa
Full text linkThis study examined the effect of public debt and tax on economic growth in Economic Community of West Africa covering the period 2010-2022. The regression analysis used was based on a two-step system Generalized Method of Moment and threshold regression. The finding shows that the coefficients of public debt and interest paid on debt is negative and statistically significant while tax is positive and statistically significant in influencing growth. Furthermore, the countries with threshold above 77% are Benin, Burkina Faso, Congo Democratic, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, and Togo. Those with threshold below 77% are Cabo Verdi, Congo Republic, Cote d’Ivoire, and Gabon are above the 77% threshold. The estimated threshold less than and greater 77% threshold has the threshold value of 0.009 and 0.026 respectively with probability value less than 0.05. Based on the findings, the study suggests that West African economies should as a matter of necessity diversify their economies away from dependence on primary products. Take advantage of Africa Continental Free Trade Are (ACFTA) initiative to boost their productive capacity and raise tax potential. Deepen the provision of basic infrastructure to boost industrial productivity.  
THE ROLE OF CREDIT FINANCING ON THE GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE ENTERPRISES IN KUDAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KADUNA STATE
Full text linkThis study investigated the role of credit financing on the growth of small and medium scale enterprises in Kudan Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Structured questionnaire were administered to source for information from 304 SMEs owners in the study area. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to analyze the role of credit financing on the growth of small and medium scale enterprises in Kudan Local Government Area of Kaduna State. The findings of this study revealed that credit financing has significant impact on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Kudan Local Government Area of Kaduna State. The study found that bank loan and advances shows that there exist a positive and insignificant relationship between SMEs growth. More so, there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between informal credit financing and the growth of SMEs. The OPS variable's coefficient is positive and significant at the 5% level. The BOR variable coefficient is positive and significant at the 5% level. The RTP variable coefficient is positive and significant at the 1% level. The study therefore recommends that; commercial banks should channel credit to small and medium scale enterprises at cheaper funds and the removal of impediment and unavoidable collateral that would spur the growth of SMEs with the view of increasing productivity. SME’s should be encouraged to building stronger internal credit structural base such that funds will be adequate to enable them function more effectively without necessarily going through commercial bank to seek for credit
IMPACT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON UNEMPLOYMENT IN SOME SELECTED SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: EVIDENCE FROM A DYNAMIC FRAMEWORK
Full text linkThis study aims to provide an empirical answer to the question of whether renewable energy consumption affect unemployment in sub-Saharan African countries. The data for this study was secondary and was collected from African Development Indicators (ADI), International Energy Agency (IEA), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Development Indicators (WDI), Energy Information Administration (EIA) of United State and United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD).This was done using data from 45 sub-Saharan African countries with three years average data from 2001 to 2021. The model was estimated using the generalised method of moments (GMM) technique, 2 step system GMM. The results revealed that renewable energy consumption has a significant negative impact on the region's unemployment rate. Policy makers therefore need to (i) ensure adequate and affordable clean energy, (ii) consider adequate investment in renewable energy sector (iii) increase in the production and consumption of renewable energy in order to boost employment levels