KASU JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES
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SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF MINIMUM WAGE POLICIES IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThe minimum wage is the legally mandated lowest compensation that an organization is allowed to give to an employee. The federal government establishes the minimum wage; however, several states and municipalities have their own minimum wage regulations that may surpass the federal minimum pay. This research aims to examine the economic sociology of Nigeria's minimum wage policy from 1999 to the present. This research adopted content analysis where information gotten from other scholars formed the basis of the data analyzed. The study revealed that minimum wage policies in Nigeria have had mixed effects on employment patterns. The study concludes that addressing the challenges inherent within Nigeria's minimum wage governance framework requires a multifaceted approach that combines institutional reforms, capacity-building initiatives, and participatory governance mechanisms. The study recommends that the policymakers should prioritize institutional reforms and stakeholder engagement aimed at streamlining regulatory structures and clarifying responsibilities
EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF OIL PRICE FLUCTUATIONS ON THE NIGRERIA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH: A VECTOR AUTO-REGRESSION (VAR) APPROACH
Full text linkThe study examined the oil price volatility on economic growth in Nigeria. The study employs Vector Autoregression technique to analyze the annual secondary data collected for the study. The preliminary test show that unit root test show that GDP, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Oil Price (OLR), and Exchange Rate (EXR) exhibit stationarity, whereas Petroleum Profit Tax (PPT) does not. The VAR analysis reveals intricate interrelationships and dynamic impacts among the variables. Variance decomposition examines the evolving impact of each variable on the variability of GDP across time. The normalized cointegrating coefficients indicate that OLR and FDI have a negative influence on GDP, whereas PPT has a positive impact. The results indicate that fluctuations in oil prices have a substantial impact on Nigeria's economic growth. This underscores the importance of diversifying the economy, implementing stabilization measures, promoting foreign investment, enhancing institutional frameworks, coordinating monetary and fiscal policies, engaging in strategic economic planning, and raising public awareness about the need for economic diversification. By implementing these ideas, Nigeria can effectively reduce the negative impacts of oil price volatility and attain long-term economic growth
RECONFIGURING INFORMAL FINANCE: EVIDENCE FROM MOBILE MONEY ADOPTION IN KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkThe increasing penetration of mobile money services in sub-Saharan Africa has brought new opportunities for expanding financial inclusion, particularly among unbanked populations. In Kaduna State, Nigeria, where informal financial systems such as ajo and esusu remain dominant, this study examines the extent to which mobile money services are reshaping or reinforcing traditional financial practices. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from 400 survey respondents, 20 key informant interviews, and four focus group discussions across urban and rural communities. Quantitative analysis revealed that while mobile money usage is growing, especially for small transfers and airtime purchases, informal systems continue to play a central role in savings and community-based lending. Logistic regression results indicate that mobile phone ownership, education level, and proximity to agents significantly influence the likelihood of reducing dependence on informal finance. Qualitative findings highlight trust, cultural familiarity, and social support as key reasons why many users still rely on traditional systems. The study concludes that mobile money services have not displaced informal finance in Kaduna but instead operate alongside it, reflecting a hybrid pattern of financial behaviour. Policy efforts aimed at enhancing digital financial inclusion must take into account the embedded role of informal systems and focus on building trust, expanding agent networks, and promoting financial literacy at the grassroots level
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENDITURE AND NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThe study analyzed the relationship between Out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) and Neonatal mortality rate (NMR) in Nigeria spanning the period 2000 to 2020. The research used time series data generated from world bank indicators considering the variables, Neonatal mortality rate (NMR), Out of pocket expenditure (OOPE) and Per capita income (PCI). Stationarity test, Cointegration, Granger Causality and Least Squares test were conducted . The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test revealed that one of the variable was stationary at levels while the rest became stationary at the first difference. The Johansen cointegration test result showed that there is a long run relationship among the variables. The Granger causality result reveals a unidirectional relationship between NMR and OOPE while the least squares test indicates a statistically significant relationship between OOPE and NMR. Consequently, the results show that an increase in OOPE, led to a fall in NMR. It therefore recommends governments vigorous pursuit of pooling of financial risks in a manner that it can be used to fund healthcare services for every mother and neonate who is covered and also find alternative sources of financing to exempt or remove all user fees inorder to ease the burden of OOP catastrophe on households
Effect of Socioeconomic Characteristics on Eight Antenatal Care Contacts Among Reproductive Aged Women in Nigeria
Full text linkIn November 2016 the World Health Organisation launched the eight antenatal care (ANC) model to supplant the four ANC models. No previous Nigerian study used population-based data to examine the prevalence and determinants of a minimum of eight ANC among Nigerian women. The objective of the study is to explore the socioeconomic characteristics that are determinants of a minimum of eight ANC among Nigerian women. The specified model was estimated using binary logistic regression admissible in Stata version 13.0. Also, descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests were used to analyse the data at univariate and bivariate levels respectively. Secondary data was obtained from the National Demographic and Health Survey of 2018. The study included 8,006 women who had complete responses on variables of interest. The result showed that women who had higher educational qualifications, those from wealthy homes, women who resided in urban parts of the country and those in the Southern region had better privilege to use modern pregnancy care. The report makes several recommendations, including expanding educational possibilities for Nigerian women, implementing multifaceted strategies to raise household socioeconomic status, and addressing contextual barriers that prevent pregnant women in rural and southern Nigeria from accessing ANC.  
DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION MIX IN CHIKUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA
Full text linkThe study analyzed household energy consumption mix in Chikun Local Government Area, Kaduna State. A total of 373 questionnaires were used for the analyses, which were selected using a three stage cluster area sampling method. Multinomial Logistic regression method was used for the analysis of the data. The result showed that 46.1% of household uses firewood for cooking, 36. % uses Gas for cooking, and 15.7% uses charcoal. For lighting purpose, 86.7% uses electricity as their main source of lighting, while 9,5% uses kerosene for lighting purpose. The results further revealed that the major determinants of household energy mix are: household energy expenditure and ownership of electrical appliances. The study recommends among others that household should be encourage through the government legislation to improve the use of energy saving appliances against the use of firewood and charcoal. This commitment will reduce the pressure on forest reserve
Relationship between Retirement Planning and Socioeconomic Characteristics of Workers in Kaduna State
Full text linkEvery worker must one day retire either voluntarily or involuntarily hence the need to prepare for that moment as failure to do that may lead to severe retirement crisis. Ineffective retirement planning (RP) among Nigerian civil servants is one of the leading causes of severe hardship, frustration, and even pre-mature death after retirement. This study seeks to investigate the relationship between retirement planning and socioeconomic characteristics among civil servants in the Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. The Kaduna State was purposively selected due to high population density of civil servants in the state. Civil servants were clustered into 14 ministries. A total sample of 321 civil servants was drawn using Yamane’s (1967) sample size determination formula. Simple random sampling was used to administer copies of a structured questionnaire to civil servants with less than 10 years to retirement. A descriptive statistic was used to analyze the results. The results shows that education (χ2=210.97), income level (χ2=23.94) and years of service before retirement (χ2=18.83). Perceived mismanagement of pension funds 57.9% and poor income 50.5% adversely affected RP practices. The absence of timely retirement counseling and low financial literacy were challenges of Retirement Planning. Poor salary, lack of entrepreneurial skills, motivation, and saving culture affected Retirement Planning
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF FOOD SECURITY IN NIGERIA
Full text linkEnsuring food security is essential for meeting fundamental human needs, maintaining economic stability, and fostering social harmony. Food insecurity contributes to malnutrition, economic difficulties, social instability, and hinders poverty alleviation. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the determinants of food security in Nigeria by utilizing annual data from 1991 to 2022 and employing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling approach. Specifically, this study considered the effects of labor input (measured using employment in the agricultural sector), capital input (measured using gross capital formation), bank loan (measured using bank lending to agricultural sector), environmental quality (measured using carbon dioxide emissions per capita), and oil revenue (measured in billion Naira). The findings indicate that all the variables, excluding oil revenue, significantly impact food security in Nigeria especially in the long-run. Consequently, the study offers recommendations, including enhancements of agricultural labor policies, promotion of domestic capital investment, facilitation of accessible bank loans for agriculture, implementation of environmental conservation measures, and diversification of revenue sources away from oil. These measures aim to strengthen the agricultural sector and ensure a more resilient and sustainable food security in Nigeria
Impact of Ginger Production on Poverty Alleviation in Kaduna State: Case Study of Jaba Local Government Area
Full text linkThe study assessed ginger farming practices and poverty alleviation in Jaba Local Government area of Kaduna State which is the largest area of ginger production in Nigeria. Ginger is majorly produced in the northern part of Nigeria and Jaba is the highest producing area. The method used in the study is both descriptive and inferential. Logistic model was used for data analysis. The findings show that ginger farming influences poverty reduction in Jaba Local Government Area. Ginger farming is however faced with major challenges such as rainfall abnormality market glut and lack of sufficient fertilizer, middle men problems and processing at the village level, lack of credit facility and direct access to international market are other constraint that exceeds the strength and capabilities of ginger farmers. Ginger production has high potentials in alleviating rural poverty which increases political participation and moderate living standard. The study recommends that, ginger farmers should be sensitized on the benefits of value added strategies, new ginger sowing techniques should be explored and the government should regulate the activities of the middle men by establishing market board and provide attractive policies and avenue for ginger investors. Furthermore, the study findings show that there is no significant role played by Government to encourage ginger farmer, no funds specifically are set aside as loans to argument ginger farming. Each ginger farmer depends on his ability and resources for farming. It was concluded that ginger as a subject of agricultural sector has a significant impact on revenue generation and farmers’ income hence reduce poverty
NEXUS BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND UNEMPLOYMENT REDUCTION IN NIGERIA
Full text linkThis study examines the nexus between entrepreneurship and unemployment reduction in Nigeria from 1999 to 2022. Annual time series data were collected from World Bank Indicator and Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin on the variables such as unemployment rate (UEPR,), being the dependent variable, and entrepreneurship (ENTRE), domestic investment (DOIE), interest rate (INTR) and institutional quality (INSQ) as the explanatory variables. The Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was utilized to ensure that the objective of the study was achieved. From the long run result of the study, entrepreneurship, domestic investment, interest rate and institutional quality have positive effect on unemployment reduction in Nigeria, however in the short run, the result revealed that entrepreneurship and interest rate have negative relationship with unemployment reduction while domestic investment and institutional quality have positive relationship. From these findings, it concludes that entrepreneurship in Nigeria will help to reduce unemployment rate. The study, therefore, suggests establishment of a conducive environment, as it has the potential of reducing unemployment rate in Nigeria. Domestic investment should also be encouraged so as to have more people employed into the labour force and this will help reduce unemployment rate in Nigeria