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Sedimentological and morphological characterization of the bay of Cartagena (2000-2020)
No full textEsta investigación se centró en la identificación de las unidades morfológicas y la caracterización textural y composicional de los sedimentos de fondo de la bahía de Cartagena, con información del año 2020. Se recolectaron los datos batimétricos disponibles de los últimos 20 años en el Servicio Hidrográfico Nacional, obteniendo datos de levantamientos con tecnología monohaz de los años 2000, 2004 y 2012, y un levantamiento con tecnología multihaz del año 2020. Con esta información se generaron modelos digitales de elevación con los cuales se realizó un proceso de interpretación de geoformas del fondo marino y comparación batimétrica. En este proceso se concluyó que uno de los principales cambios de las geoformas del fondo de la bahía de Cartagena es la progradación del delta y la sedimentación de hasta 18.5 m durante el periodo estudiado, lo cual fue ocasionado por el aporte sedimentario del Canal del Dique. Adicionalmente, se presentan aumentos de profundidad en sectores cercanos a puertos, los cuales pueden deberse a dragados realizados para garantizar la navegabilidad y funcionalidad de los puertos de Cartagena. Con la información textural y composicional de 85 muestras de la bahía, recolectadas cada 1 km en febrero de 2020, se identificó que en la bahía se presenta una gran influencia de sedimentos tipo litoclástico, ya que el 73 % de las muestras se encuentra en esta clasificación; mientras que solo el 4 % de las muestras se clasifica como material bioclástico. De igual forma se observó una predominancia de sedimentos lodosos, con un 65.26 % de muestras clasificadas en este rango de tamaño (4φ a 10φ), seguido de un 31.10 % de arena (-1φ a 4φ) y solo un 3.64 % de grava (φ < -1). Resaltando la prevalencia de sedimentos finos y dando soporte al argumento de varios autores, afirmando que los sedimentos calcáreos presentes en la bahía están siendo cubiertos por sedimentos terrígenos transportados principalmente por el Canal del Dique, el cual cumple un papel fundamental en la sedimentación del área.This research focused on the identification of the morphological units and the textural and compositional characterization of the bottom sediments of the Bay of Cartagena, with information from the year 2020. The bathymetric data available for the last 20 years were collected from the National Hydrographic Service, obtaining data from surveys with single beam technology from the years 2000, 2004, and 2012, and a survey with multibeam technology from the year 2020. With this information, digital elevation models were generated, using which seabed geoforms and bathymetric comparison were interpreted. As a result of this process, it was concluded that one of the main changes in the geoforms of the bottom of Cartagena Bay is the progradation of the delta and sedimentation of up to 18.5 m during the period studied, which was caused by the sediment contribution of the Canal del Dique. In addition, there are increases in depth in sectors near ports, which may be due to dredging carried out to ensure the navigability and functionality of the ports of Cartagena. With the textural and compositional information of 85 samples from the bay, collected every 1 km in February 2020, it was identified that the bay is greatly influenced by lithoclastic sediments, making up 73% of the samples, while only 4% of the samples are classified as being of bioclastic material. Similarly, a predominance of muddy sediments was observed, with 65.26% of samples classified in this size range (4φ to 10φ); followed by 31.10% sand (-1φ to 4φ) and only 3.64% gravel (φ < -1). This highlights the prevalence of fine sediments and gives support to the argument of several authors stating that the calcareous sediments present in the bay are being covered by terrigenous sediments transported mainly by the Canal del Dique, which plays a fundamental role in the sedimentation of the area.PublishedNon Referee
Potentialities as antivirals of compounds of marine origin: a review
No full textA pesar del gran número de evidencias experimentales y el desarrollo de algunos productos, a la fecha, la inmensa mayoría de las enfermedades virales carece de tratamiento terapéutico y profiláctico, y continúan siendo un grave problema de salud. Varias han sido las fuentes descritas como reservorios de compuestos con actividad antiviral contra un amplio espectro de virus. La vasta extensión oceánica ha sido clasificada, en la década de 1980, como el mayor depósito de productos naturales a evaluar por su actividad como posibles drogas. Varios estudios han demostrado que los organismos marinos producen una variedad de compuestos, derivados del metabolismo primario o secundario, que pue- den poseer actividades antivirales y aplicaciones farmacéuticas. Esta revisión se propone abordar las tendencias de la investigación sobre los efectos antivirales in vitro e in vivo de organismos marinos en los últimos años, contra diferentes clases de patógenos virales en todo el mundo. Se consultaron varias bases de datos electrónicas, incluidas PubMed, Google Scholar, Journal of Virology y Journal of General Virology, en busca de artículos publicados en inglés que evaluaran la actividad antiviral de compuestos de origen marino. Los datos presentados en esta revisión destacan las potencialidades de compuestos derivados de organismos marinos como fuentes de nuevos antivirales y abren nuevas vías para más investigaciones sobre este tema.Despite the large amount of experimental evidence and the development of some products, to date the vast majority of viral diseases lack therapeutic and prophylactic treatment and continue to be a serious health problem. Several sources have been described as reservoirs of compounds with antiviral activity against a wide spectrum of viruses. The vast oceanic expanse has been classified, in the 1980s, as the largest deposit of natural products to be evaluated for their activity as possible drugs. Several studies have shown that marine organisms produce a variety of compounds, derived from primary or secondary metabolism, that may have antiviral activities and pharmaceutical applications. This review aims to address the research trends on in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of marine organisms in recent years, against different classes of viral pathogens worldwide. Various electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Journal of Virology, and Journal of General Virology, were searched for articles published in English evaluating the antiviral activity of marine-derived compounds. The data presented in this review highlight the potentialities of compounds derived from marine organisms as sources of new antivirals and open new avenues for further research on this topic.PublishedReferee
Length-weight relationship and condition factor in Sarda orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel 1844) (Family-Scombridae) fish from Karachi fish harbour.
No full textSarda orientalis (Family-Scombridae) of assorted length (cm) and weight (gm) were obtained from Karachi fish harbor during January to December (2019) for measurement of length-weight relationship (LWR’s) and Fulton‘s condition factor (K). The range of length (57-60.8) and weight (2123-2641) were estimated. Total mean length (cm) (gm) (59.14±0.94) and weight (gm) (2336.32±114.21) were measured. LWR was estimated as W = 0.08166134 × L 2.5149 (log W = -1.088 + 2.5149log L). The highest mean of condition factor (K) (1.15±0.02) were measured in post-monsoon season. Assorted (ANOVA) analysis indicates that there is a significant correlation between weight, length, and season (p0.05).PublishedReferee
Environmental units in the hydrographic basin of the Guanabo River and the adjoining marine section
No full textLos nexos marino-terrestres crean condiciones muy variadas y complejas, que en ocasiones son débilmente apreciadas. Entre ellas está la valoración escindida entre mares y tierra firme, posicionamiento que crea una frágil percepción de los atributos y problemas que se generan en la línea costera y los territorios colindantes, tanto en lo concerniente a los procesos naturales, como los destinos socioeconómicos que dinamizan dichos segmentos, en consecuencia, directa de las modificaciones, o por el papel estratégico y transversal en el desarrollo. Las miradas más acuciosas y objetivas de dichas zonas pueden propiciar ma- yor agudeza y efectividad en el uso y la gestión ambiental. Este trabajo se adecua a dicho pensamiento, por lo que, se estableció su objetivo en función de identificar las unidades ambientales que vinculan la cuenca hidrográfica del río Guanabo con la porción marino- costera inmediata, para aportar un enfoque integral, que coadyuve al manejo en el accio- nar local. El trabajo realizado partió de criterios y procedimientos nacionales e interna- cionales, de donde fueron extraídos los juicios esenciales y las informaciones que fueron procesadas por métodos geográficos, entre los cuales la cartografía digital y los ejercicios grupales resultaron substantivos , pues permitieron alcanzar los propósitos previstos. Se constató que las unidades ambientales cuentan con alta significación contemporánea. Su establecimiento en la Cuenca fue una contribución que sustenta objetivamente la articula- ción entre lo terrestre y lo marino, para coadyuvar en la mejor conservación, rehabilitación y uso, como eslabones esenciales de la gestión sostenible.Marine-terrestrial links create highly varied and complex conditions, which are sometimes weakly appreciated. Among them is the split valuation between the seas and the mainland, a position that creates a fragile perception of the attributes and problems that are generatedin the coastline and the surrounding territories, both with regard to the natural processes that define them, as well as the singularities. socio-economic factors that energize said segments, both as a consequence of the changes experienced, and because of the strategic and croscutting role in development. The most careful and objective views of these areas can lead to greater acuity and effectiveness in use, and environmental management. This work is adapted to this thought, therefore, it established its objective based on: Identifying the environmental units that link the hydrographic basin of the Guanabo river with the immediate marine-coastal portion, to provide comprehensive approaches that contribute to the improvement of management in local action. The work carried out was based on national and international criteria and procedures, from which the essential judgments and in- formation that were processed according to a set of methods were extracted, among which digital cartography and group exercises were substantive, since they allowed to achieve the intended purposes. It was found that the environmental units have high contemporary significance. Its establishment in the Basin was a contribution that objectively supports the articulation between the terrestrial and the marine, to con- tribute to the best conservation, rehabilitation and use, as essential links of sustainable management.PublishedReferee
Using seabird and whale distribution models to estimate spatial consumption of krill to inform fishery management.
No full textEcosystem dynamics at the northwest Antarctic Peninsula are driven by interactions between physical and biological processes. For example, baleen whale populations are recovering from commercial harvesting against the backdrop of rapid climate change, including reduced sea ice extent and changing ecosystem composition. Concurrently, the commercial harvesting of Antarctic krill is increasing, with the potential to increase the likelihood for competition with and between krill predators and the fishery. However, understanding the ecology, abundance, and spatial distribution of krill predators is often limited, outdated, or at spatial scales that do not match those desired for effective fisheries management. We update current knowledge of predator dependence on krill by integrating telemetry-based data, at-sea observational surveys, estimates of predator abundance, and physiological data to estimate the spatial distribution of krill consumption during the austral summer by three species of Pygoscelis penguin, 11 species of flying seabirds, one species of pinniped, and two species of baleen whale. Our models show that the majority of important areas for krill predator foraging are close to penguin breeding colonies in nearshore areas where humpback whales also regularly feed, and along the shelf-break, though we caution that not all known krill predators are included in these analyses. We show that krill consumption is highly variable across the region, and often concentrated at fine spatial scales, emphasizing the need for the management of the local krill fishery at relevant temporal and spatial scales. We also note that krill consumption by recovering populations of krill predators provides further evidence in support of the krill surplus hypothesis, and highlight that despite less than comprehensive data, cetaceans are likely to consume a significant proportion of the krill consumed by natural predators but are not currently considered directly in the management of the krill fishery. If management of the krill fishery is to be precautionary and operate in a way that minimizes the risks to krill predator populations, it will be necessary in future analyses, to include up-to-date and precise abundance and consumption estimates for pack-ice seals, finfish, squid, and other baleen whale species not currently considered.Challenges 4, 9PublishedReferee
New record of holothurian Synaptula hydriformis (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Sabana-Camagüey archipelago, Cuba
No full textSe documenta la presencia de la especie de pepino de mar Synaptula hydriformis (Lesueur, 1824) en el cayo Santa María, archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey. Con este registro se amplía la distribución para la especie en Cuba. La presencia en varias localidades del Caribe sugiere una distribución más amplia en la isla.The presence of the sea cucumber Synaptula hydriformis (Lesueur, 1824) is documented. This is the first record for the species in Santa María key, Sabana-Camagüey archipelago. This record extends the distribution of this species in Cuba, documented in the available scientific literature to date. The presence of this species in several localities of the Caribbean region suggests a wider distribution in the island.PublishedReferee
DNA barcoding of Platanichthys platana (Regan, 1917) (Clupeiformes, Clupeidae) from different watersheds.
No full textSouth America has fish endemic to continental fresh waters, but derived from clades predominantly and ancestrally distributed in marine environments, such as Platanichthys platana. This species is considered the smallest sardine of the Clupeidae with its type locality in the La Plata river. In 2007, there were the first records of P. platana in the upper Paraná river basin and in 2012 in the upper Paraná river floodplain. The variation in the length of specimens from this basin generated curiosity about their identity and origin of introduction. Sequences from the COI region of the specimens were used for genetic distance calculations, construction of gene trees and haplotype networks. The results obtained indicate that all analyzed specimens belong to P. platana. Eight haplotypes were found, some exclusive to the coastal basins of Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul and Negro river basin. The basins of the La Plata river, the Lago and the upper Paraná river floodplain shared different haplotypes. The phylogeographic pattern presented in this study can be justified by the presence of populations of P. platana in the same paleoarea, before the geological process that configured the current architectures of the observed basins, by vicariance. During the Mesozoic and Cenozoic several vicarious events occurred between the coastal watersheds of Brazil that can be attributed to marine regressions and transgressions by continental lands. It is also assumed that specimens from the upper Paraná river floodplain were introduced to the region from Argentine regions.A América do Sul apresenta peixes endêmicos de águas doces continentais, mas derivados de clados predominantemente e ancestralmente distribuídos em ambientes marinhos, como Platanichthys platana. Essa espécie é considerada a sardinha de menor tamanho de Clupeidae com sua localidade-tipo no rio de La Plata. Em 2007, houve os primeiros registros de P. platana na bacia do alto rio Paraná e em 2012 na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná. A variação do comprimento dos espécimes dessa bacia gerou curiosidade sobre sua identidade e origem de introdução. Sequências da região COI dos espécimes foram e utilizadas para cálculos de distância genética, construção de árvores gênicas e rede de haplótipos. Os resultados obtidos indicam que todos os exemplares analisados pertencem a P. platana. Oito haplótipos foram encontrados, alguns exclusivos dos exemplares das bacias litorâneas de Santa Catarina, do Rio Grande do Sul e bacia do rio Negro. As bacias do rio de La Plata, do Lago e da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná compartilharam diferentes haplótipos. O padrão filogeográfico apresentado nesse estudo pode ser justificado pela presença de populações de P. platana em uma mesma paleoarea, antes do processo geológico que configurou as atuais arquiteturas das bacias observadas, pela vicariância. Durante o Mesozóico e Cenozóico vários eventos vicariantes ocorreram entre as bacias hidrográficas costeiras do Brasil que podem ser atribuídos às regressões e transgressões marinhas por terras continentais. Pressupõe-se também que os espécimes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná tenham sido introduzidos na região a partir de regiões argentinas.Master
Samudra Report No.87, March 2022
No full textThe International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) has just published the latest issue of SAMUDRA Report, its triannual journal on fisheries, communities and livelihoods. The current edition, SAMUDRA Report No. 87, dated March 2022, features a range of articles from Africa, Asia and Europe, with a special focus on the International Year of Artisanal Fisheries and Aquaculture (IYAFA 2022). The editorial Comment in the issue calls for collective and collaborative actions of all stakeholders to develop coherent and meaningful policies and legislation for the sector. Pointing out that IYAFA 2022 is a chance to create greater awareness about the role of small-scale fisheries in food production, and about the traditional knowledge and rich cultural diversity of fishing communities, the Comment hopes the year becomes a historic watershed for the sector and its communities. SAMUDRA Report No. 87 can be accessed at: https://www.icsf.net/samudra-report/PublishedReferee
ICAN Newsletter Vol. 10 No. 1, April 2022.
No full textVol. 10 No. 1 of the ICAN Newsletter has a focus on the ICAN 9 virtual workshop held 27-29 September 2021 and features several articles highlighting presentations at ICAN 9 (Digital Twin of the Ocean, CoastSnap . ICAN had a prominent presence at the CoastGIS 2021, the International Ocean Data Conference and in the newly published Coastal Atlas of Ireland. Other articles include the geodata portal for the Benguela Current convention and the global atlas for Nature-Based Solutions and Negative Emission Technologies.PublishedNon Referee
El catastro marino: una herramienta para mejorar la administración y la gobernanza de los litorales colombianos
No full textDada la gran cantidad de información y la disponibilidad en esta temática, el catastro multipropósito de Colombia ha sido enfocado principalmente a la zona continental del país, dejando un poco rezagada su implementación sobre las zonas marino-costeras, a pesar de que en su planteamiento estas zonas sí fueron consideradas. Esto es paradójico si se considera que el 44.86 % del territorio nacional lo constituyen espacios marítimos (aguas interiores, mar territorial, zona contigua y la zona económica exclusiva), dos grandes litorales (Caribe y Pacífico), más de 3000 km de línea de costa y una gran región insular que reúne un gran conjunto de las islas, cayos e islotes alejados de las costas continentales.PublishedNot Know