AquaDocs
Not a member yet
36984 research outputs found
Sort by
Effect of land use on the functional diversity of fish in Atlantic Forest streams.
No full textThe investigation of anthropogenic impacts on freshwater ecosystems has become a growing concern among researchers. Recent studies have employed the functional diversity approach, utilizing species traits for a better understanding of the organisms roles in ecosystem functioning. Based on samplings conducted in 16 streams in the North and Northwest regions of the state of Paraná, Brazil, the objective was to identify and characterize fish assemblages in streams within the Atlantic Forest Biome, correlating them with environmental variables and different land uses. Evaluated environmental parameters included water velocity, turbidity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Three functional indices were used for characterization: Functional Richness (FRic), Functional Evenness (FEve), and Functional Dispersion (FDis). Different stream land uses were considered, classified as urban, rural, and within Conservation Units. Abiotic characteristics played a significant role in selecting fish functional traits, demonstrating the influence of the environment on functional diversity. Analyzing the relationships between functional diversity indices and environmental variables allowed understanding complex interactions among these parameters in different land uses. This study emphasizes the importance of integrated ecosystem approaches to promote stream management and conservation practices. Riparian vegetation presence, pollution control, and water quality improvement are essential measures to ensure the healthy functioning of freshwater ecosystems. Additionally, Protected areas play a crucial role in biodiversity protection and the provision of ecosystem services.A investigação dos impactos antrópicos nos ecossistemas de água doce tem sido uma preocupação crescente entre os pesquisadores. Trabalhos recentes têm empregado a abordagem da diversidade funcional, que utiliza as características das espécies para a melhor compreensão sobre a função dos organismos no funcionamento dos ecossistemas. Com base em amostragens realizadas em 16 riachos na região Norte e Noroeste do estado do Paraná, objetivou-se caracterizar as assembleias de peixes em riachos do Bioma Mata Atlântica, correlacionando-as com as variáveis ambientais e os diferentes usos da terra. As características ambientais avaliadas incluíram parâmetros como velocidade da água, turbidez, temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido. Foram utilizados três índices para a caracterização funcional: Riqueza funcional (FRic), Equitabilidade funcional (FEve) e Dispersão funcional (FDis). Também foram considerados os diferentes usos da terra nos riachos, classificados como urbanos, rurais e em Unidades de Conservação. As características abióticas desempenharam um papel importante na seleção dos traços funcionais da ictiofauna, demonstrando a influência do ambiente sobre a diversidade funcional. A análise das relações entre os índices de diversidade funcional e as variáveis ambientais permitiu a compreensão das interações complexas entre esses parâmetros nos diferentes usos da terra. Este estudo destaca a importância de abordagens ecossistêmicas integradas para promover práticas de manejo e conservação dos riachos. A presença de vegetação ripária, o controle da poluição e a melhoria da qualidade da água são medidas essenciais para garantir o funcionamento saudável dos ecossistemas de água doce. Ademais, as Unidades de Conservação desempenham um papel fundamental na proteção da biodiversidade e na provisão de serviços ecossistêmicos.Master
Science and sovereignty: scientific contributions from the CIOH Scientific Bulletin to the defense of Colombia befare the International Court of Justice in The Hague
No full textEl jueves 13 de julio de 2023, la Corte Internacional de Justicia en La Haya, hizo pública su sentencia negando las pretensiones que había formulado Nicaragua, que solicitaba se le reconocieran derechos de plataforma continental extendida más allá de las 200 millas náuticas de su costa, todas ellas dentro de la zona económica exclusiva y la plataforma continental generadas por el Archipiélago de San Andrés y la costa continental de Colombia. La Nación entera, desde el gobierno, sus instituciones y la opinion pública en general, ha reconocido la enorme importancia que significó el aporte de los oceanógrafos e hidrógrafos de la Armada Nacional de Colombia, en la preparación y elaboración de los documentos científicos, técnicos, cartas náuticas, mapas submarinos de alta resolución etc., utilizados en la defensa de Colombia ante las demandas y pretensiones de Nicaragua.PublishedNot Know
Результаты искусственного воспроизводства севрюги в Азово-Донском районе в 2021–2022 гг.
No full textOver the course of the monitoring surveys conducted in 2021–2022, the specific features of the starry sturgeon reproduction have been investigated, which covered the span from the adaptation of breeders to the release of juveniles into a natural water body. The results of this study indicate that the starry sturgeon females from the broodstock have low reproduction capacity, as well as decreased embryo survival rates and larvae yield. The starry sturgeon juveniles reared in tanks were characterized by low growth rates, decreased feed conversion efficiency, and acceptable physiological status. It has been shown that rearing the starry sturgeon juveniles in tanks is less expedient than using a combined method.В ходе мониторинговых работ, проводимых в 2021–2022 гг., были рассмотрены особенности воспроизводственного процесса севрюги: от выдерживания производителей до выпуска молоди в естественный водоем. Результаты исследования показали, что самки севрюги из ремонтно-маточного стада обладают невысоким репродуктивным потенциалом, выживаемость эмбрионов и выход личинок снижены. Молодь севрюги, выращиваемая в бассейнах, характеризовалась невысоким темпом роста, сниженными показателями трансформации пищи, удовлетворительным физиологическим состоянием. Показано, что выращивание молоди севрюги бассейновым методом менее эффективно, чем комбинированным.PublishedNon Referee
Advancing National Ocean Best Practices and Standards Workshop and Questionnaire Report
No full textThe NESP Marine Biodiversity Hub (2015-2021) delivered a project that developed and progressed the adoption of nine national standards for marine survey design and sampling (field-manuals-marine-sampling-monitor-australian-waters). The project was a success, with 136 individuals from 53 organisations contributing to what is colloquially known as the SOPs (standard operating procedures). The SOPs are now considered best practices, being adopted at State, Commonwealth, and international levels by a range of users, including industry and in developing nations. Without taking the next steps and establishing national and long-term governance and application guidance, the SOPs run the risk of becoming outdated and being no longer fit-for-purpose as related to national marine monitoring objectives for key values and pressures. The first step in the development of a future framework for national marine standards is to solicit input from the marine science community about their needs. As such, we coordinated a workshop and questionnaire to collect this information (Advancing National Ocean Best Practices and Standards). The aims of the online workshop and questionnaire were: ● To improve the uptake and applicability of the national marine standard operating procedures (SOPs) and other best practices across diverse users; and ● To guide further actions on the development of future SOPs and how they are used. The workshop had 46 attendees, while the questionnaire had 47 respondents, both predominantly represented by people from Australia. High-level barriers to uptake of the SOPs were related to funding, awareness, training, content, and institutional support. Workshop participants also identified operational barriers and potential solutions. Importantly, there was consensus to continue the SOP program in the long-term, including the possible inclusion of methods, guides, and practices outside of NESP. Feedback from workshop participants and questionnaire participants was summarised into the following broad recommendations: ● Develop new SOPs, including those currently planned for NESP 2.2 (drop cameras, socioeconomic surveys, microplastics) as well as SOPs related to eDNA, drones, sub-bottom profiling, threatened and protected species, and underwater visual census ● Develop revised SOPs to provide clearer or more specific data release guidelines, updated guidelines regarding Indigenous partnerships, engagement and Indigenous Cultural Intellectual Property, glossary or list of standardised terminology and case studies to highlight diversity of users and objectives. ● Increase relevance to other user groups, particularly First Nations, by understanding the needs, preferences and capabilities of these groups and using this information to tailor existing SOPs or develop new ones as required. ● Establish an oversight committee to develop and implement a national best practice endorsement process; identify the need for new and revised SOPs, facilitate accessibility and uptake of SOPs, and track uptake and impact. The input described in this report will be used in a 2024 implementation plan to guide the future of the SOP program.PublishedReferee
Использование ферментированного рыбного фарша с пробиотиками в рецептуре сыровяленых колбасных изделий.
No full textThe paper analyzes the effect of using fermented minced fish (FMF) with the L. plantarum probiotic in the formulation of dry-cured sausages on the quality characteristics of the finished product in comparison with sausages based on unprocessed minced fish. The microbiological, physico-chemical, structural-mechanical and organoleptic properties of the product have been evaluated. The results have shown that dry-cured sausage samples with FMF had a higher content of probiotics (2,5×108 CFU/g) compared to the control sample (6,3×106 CFU/g), which allows a person to fully meet the daily requirement in probiotics with just through the use of 40 g of such a product. The use of FMF in the dry-cured fish sausages provides a safe pH value (5.21) and significant increase in total acidity (1.39 %) compared to the control sample (pH – 6.80 and total acidity – 0.45 %). It has been established that using FMF in the technology of dry-cured fish sausages can reduce the time of their manufacture by increasing the average rate of dehydration of the product. It has been determined that samples of dry-cured sausages with FMF have higher values of hardness and cutting force. A comprehensive assessment of the quality of sausages with FMF has shown good results – 76.85 % of the maximum possible level. Thus, the possibility of using FMF with L. plantarum in the manufacture of dry-cured sausages has been determined. The proposed method makes it possible to obtain a product with a high protein content (32.31 %), enriched with L. plantarum probiotics, having a low pH value and a peculiar sour-milk taste and aroma. Based on the results of the study, normative and technical documentation for this type of product has been developed and approved.В работе анализируется влияние использования ферментированного рыбного фарша (ФРФ) с пробиотиком L. plantarum в рецептуре сыровяленых колбасных изделий (колбасок) на качественные характеристики готового продукта в сравнении с колбасками на основе необработанного рыбного фарша. Оценены микробиологические, физико-химические, структурно-механические и органолептические свойства продукта. Результаты показывают, что образцы колбасок на основе ФРФ обладают более высоким содержанием пробиотиков (2,5×108 КОЕ/г) по сравнению с контрольным образцом (6,3×106 КОЕ/г), что позволяет полностью удовлетворить суточную норму в пробиотиках за счет употребления 40 г такого продукта. Использование ФРФ обеспечивает безопасные значения pH (5,21) и приводит к значительному увеличению общей кислотности (1,39 %) по сравнению с контрольным образцом (pH – 6,80, общая кислотность – 0,45 %). Установлено, что использование ФРФ в технологии сыровяленых рыбных колбасок позволяет сократить время их изготовления за счет увеличения среднего темпа обезвоживания продукта. Определено, что более высокими значениями твердости и усилия резания обладают образцы колбасок на основе ФРФ. Комплексная оценка качества колбасок на основе ФРФ показала хорошие результаты – 76,85 % от максимально возможного уровня. Определена возможность использования ФРФ с L. plantarum при изготовлении сыровяленых колбасок. Предложенный способ позволяет получить продукт с высоким содержанием белка (32,31 %), обогащенный пробиотиками L. plantarum, обладающий низким значением pH и своеобразным кисломолочным вкусом и ароматом. По результатам исследования разработана и утверждена нормативно-техническая документация на данный вид продукции.PublishedReferee
Relationships between fish assemblage and biomass, species richness and functional diversity of aquatic macrophytes.
No full textThe aquatic macrophytes are considered an essential component of freshwater ecosystems, influencing the structure of fish assemblage that use macrophyte stands in search of food resources and refuge. These plants affect the fish trophic interaction, reducing the competition and predation pressure between the organisms. The goal of this study was to evaluate the relationship between biomass, richness and functional diversity of aquatic macrophytes and theabundance, richness and fish size that use plants as habitat. Fish and macrophytes were sampled in the drought period, in 30 macrophytes stands along a 13.7 km long stretch in the Baía river, located in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. The fish were captured using plexiglass, and the macrophytes were sampled using a square. The relationship between the abundance and richness of fish and the biomass, functional diversity and richness of macrophytes was tested using a generalized linear model (GLM). The relationship between the size of individuals and the biomass of plants was tested using a linear mixed model (LMM). Were captured 25 fish species, totaling 4648 individuals, and 18 macrophytes species. Our results indicate that abundance and richness of fish responded negatively to plant biomass and showed a positive trend in relation to macrophyte richness. However, significant values were verified only in the relationship between abundance of fish and plant biomass, which indicated that this variable may respond better to these changes compared to fish richness. The relationship between macrophyte functional diversity and abundance of fish, showed a significant non-linear response,confirmed bysignificance value, obtained throughathird-orderpolynomial model,being higher in intermediate values of functional diversity, which is associated with greater structuring provided by plants alongofthe gradient.The total length of fish decreased as plant biomass increased, which indicates that the small interstitial spaces in habitats with high macrophyte biomass can restrict the body size of fish, affecting their movement. These results suggest that biomass and functional diversity of macrophytes can influence fish assemblage, as abundance decreases in more complex stands and increases in stands with intermediate functional diversity. The body size of fish also decreases in places with higher plant biomass. Theresults show that macrophytes can structure an environment, modifying the compositionof fish assemblages, and even being able to select characteristics of these animals according to structural complexity.The plantbiomassinfluencesthe abundance and the body size of fishes, reducingthe significant roleofmacrophytes intheformation andselection of aquatic habitats.Thus, this study emphasizes the importance ofpreservationofaquatic macrophytes,protectingthe biodiversity of freshwater ecosystems.As macrófitas aquáticas são consideradas componentes importantes dos ecossistemas de água doce, influenciando na estruturação das assembleias de peixes que utilizam os bancos de macrófitas em busca de recursos alimentares e refúgio. Dessa forma, essas plantas influenciam as interações tróficas, reduzindo a pressão de predação e competição entre os organismos. Avaliou-se a relação entre a biomassa, a riqueza de espécies e a diversidade funcional de macrófitas aquáticas e a abundância, riqueza e tamanho dos peixes que utilizam essas plantas como habitat. Peixes e macrófitas foram amostrados no período de seca, em 30 pontos ao longo de 13,7 km de extensão no rio Baía, localizado na planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná, Brasil. Os peixes foram capturados com armadilhas de acrílico e as macrófitas foram amostradas por meio de um quadrado. A relação entre a abundância e riqueza de peixes e a biomassa, diversidade funcional e riqueza de macrófitas foi testada por meio de Modelos Lineares Generalizados (GLM). A relação entre o tamanho dos indivíduos e a biomassa de plantas foi testada por meio de um Modelo Linear Misto (LMM). Foram capturadas 25 espécies de peixes, totalizando 4.648 indivíduos, e 18 espécies de macrófitas. Os resultados apontam que a abundância e riqueza de peixes responderam negativamente à biomassa de plantas, e apresentaram uma tendência positiva em relação à riqueza de macrófitas. Porém, os valores significativos foram verificados apenas para a relação entre abundância de peixes e biomassa de plantas, o que indica que esta variável pode responder melhor a essas alterações, comparada à riqueza de peixes. A relação entre a diversidade funcional de macrófitas e a abundância de peixes apresentou uma resposta não-linear significativa, confirmada pelo valor de significância, obtido por meio de um modelo polinomial de segunda e terceira ordem, sendo mais elevada em valores intermediários de diversidade funcional, o que está associada à maior estruturação proporcionada pelas plantas ao longo do gradiente. O comprimento total dos peixes diminuiu conforme o aumento da biomassa de plantas, o que indica que os pequenos espaços intersticiais em habitats com elevadas biomassas de macrófitas podem restringir o tamanho do corpo dos peixes, afetando sua movimentação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a biomassa e a diversidade funcional de macrófitas podem influenciar a assembleia de peixes, visto que a abundância diminui em bancos mais complexos e aumenta em bancos com diversidade funcional intermediária. O tamanho corporal dos peixes também diminui em locais com maior biomassa vegetal. Os resultados evidenciam que as macrófitas são capazes de estruturar um ambiente, modificando a composição das assembleias de peixes, podendo, inclusive, selecionar características desses animais de acordo com a complexidade estrutural. Dessa forma, a biomassa das plantas influencia a abundância e o tamanho corporal dos peixes, indicando o papel das macrófitas na formação e a sua importância na proteção da biodiversidade dos ecossistemas de água doce.Master
Trace metal contamination of discharge water in the northeast Mediterranean Sea
No full textThe contamination with trace metals brought on by anthropogenic activity is one of the main issues impacting the health of the environment. The inherent pressures on marine ecosystems and the individuals who depend on marine ecosystems for nourishment, industry, and advantage are both being seriously threatened by trace metal pollution in coastal and marine habitats. This study aimed to find out the accumulation of metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in seasonal water samples taken for a year from the Ceyhan River's discharge point into the Northeast Mediterranean. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) measurements of water were performed using an appropriate trace metal-based approach. The relative mean metal concentrations in the water column were in the following order at the sample site: Zn > Fe > Ni > Cr > Cu > Pb> Mn > Cd > Co > Hg. The highest value of Zn in the water column was observed at 90.05810.605 g L-1. The levels of contaminants in the water when compared to international and national water quality standards have been judged to be within the safe drinking range.PublishedReferee
Environmental Impact Assessments
No full textIn the fifth video (5/6) of the series, Ms. Jessica Lindström Battle (@WWF) the provisions of Part IV on "Environmental impact assessments" of the Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement), which was adopted on 19 June 2023 in New York. The presentation is part of the workshop "Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)", which took place in the framework of the 9th Summer School on the European Union and the Law of the Sea (EULoS). It was organized by the Institute for the Law of the Sea and International Marine Environmental Law (@ISRIM) and the University of Genoa (@Uni.Genova) on 1 September 2023. The workshop is a UN Ocean Decade Activity.Challenge 2: Protect and restore ecosystems and biodiversity; Challenge 4: Develop a sustainable and equitable ocean economy.PublishedReferee
Особенности фотометрического определения органического углерода в донных отложениях
No full textOrganic matter in bottom sediments originates from plants and animals as a metabolic byproduct; it determines biological productivity of a water body and physical and chemical properties of its bottom soils, enriches its aquatic environment with biogenic elements, and provides nutrients for its benthic communites, on which, in turn, feed benthophagous fish species. The most reprepresentative indicator of the organic matter in bottom sediments is organic carbon. Currently, for determination of the organic carbon directly in bottom sediments, either expensive equipment or certified methods approved for soils are used. This work presents the results of development and validation of the method for quantitative determination of organic carbon in bottom sediments. The developed modification of I.V. Tyurin’s method is based on photometric detection of trivalent chrome that is equivalent to the content of oranic carbon after oxidation of the organic matter in bottom sediments in chromosulfuric acid. Chloride interference was precluded with silver sulphate; as a reference standard, the State Standard Sample of glucose was used for the first time. This method has been tested on the bottom sediments of the Azov Sea, and the results are found to be in compliance with those obtained from the investigations conducted by the traditional Tyurin’s method with silver sulphate. This method does not require expensive equipment and is applicable for mass determination. Based on the results of this investigation, a metrological certification of the developed method has been conducted; it regulates the procedure for determination of carbon mass fractions in the bottom sediments of water bodies in the range from 0.3 to 16.0 %.Органическое вещество донных осадков является продуктом жизнедеятельности растительных и животных организмов, определяет физико-химические свойства грунтов и биологическую продуктивность водоема, обогащает водную среду биогенными элементами, а также служит источником питательных веществ для бентосных сообществ, которыми, в свою очередь, питаются рыбы-бентофаги. Наиболее репрезентативным показателем органического вещества в донных отложениях является органический углерод. В настоящий момент органический углерод непосредственно в донных отложениях определяется на дорогостоящем оборудовании либо с использованием методик, аттестованных для почв. В работе проводилась разработка и аттестация методики количественного определения органического углерода в донных осадках. Разработанная модификация метода Тюрина основана на фотометрическом определении трехвалентного хрома, эквивалентного содержанию органического углерода после окисления органического вещества донных отложений в хромовой смеси. Мешающее влияние хлоридов устраняли с помощью сульфата серебра; в качестве стандартного образца впервые использовали ГСО глюкозы. Методика опробована на донных отложениях Азовского моря, результаты измерений согласуются с исследованиями, проведенными классическим методом Тюрина в присутствии сульфата серебра. Разработанная методика не требует дорогостоящего оборудования и пригодна для массовых определений. По результатам работы была проведена метрологическая аттестация разработанной методики, которая регламентирует порядок определения массовых долей углерода в донных отложениях водных объектов в диапазоне от 0,3 до 16,0 %.PublishedReferee
Оценка состояния запасов морских видов рыб Черного моря (воды России) в 2021 г.
No full textBased on the available biological and fisheries data, stock status review for 18 units of the fish species inhabiting the Black Sea and the both Azov and Black Seas is presented. A modified version of the traditional approach to the harvest control rules for the aquatic bioresources of the Azov and Black Sea Fishery Basin is described for the case when they are assessed by the mathematical methods to estimate the current stock biomass and fishing mortality. For 11 stock units, analytical modeling including cohort, production and trend models has been applied. Based on the estimates of biomass and fishing mortality concerning biological reference points, in 2021, the status of six stock units of the marine fish species inhabiting the basin and exploited by the Russian fisheries was identified as increasing or stable (“Black Sea” stock units of the European sprat and European anchovy, “Crimean” stock unit of turbot, “Crimean and Caucasian” stock unit of red mullet, and “Black and Azov Seas” stock units of garfish and rays). Five fishery stock units (“Crimean and Caucasian” of mullets, picarel and Mediterranean horse mackerel, “Black and Azov Seas” of sand smelts, and “Caucasian” of turbot) have shown a decreasing trend in terms of abundance, and for the rest of the investigated fish stock units (“Mediterranean migrant” bluefish, Atlantic bonito and Atlantic mackerel, “Black Sea” whiting, so-iuy mullet and the other marine fish species, “Black and Azov Seas” spiny dogfish), the status has not been determined due to the absence of systematic biological and fishery data.Представлен обзор состояния 18 единиц запаса черноморских и черноморско-азовских рыб на основе имеющихся сведений о биологии и промысле этих видов в водах России. Описана модификация традиционного подхода к обоснованию правила регулирования промысла водных биоресурсов Азово-Черноморского рыбохозяйственного бассейна, оцениваемых математическими методами, позволяющими определять текущие величины биомассы запаса и промысловой смертности. Для 11 единиц запаса выполнено аналитическое моделирование когортными, продукционными или трендовыми моделями. На основе сопоставления биомассы и промысловой смертности с биологическими ориентирами в 2021 г. состояние шести единиц запасов морских рыб бассейна, эксплуатируемых российским рыболовством, характеризовалось как растущее или стабильное («черноморские» единицы запаса шпрота и хамсы, «крымская» единица запаса камбалы-калкан, «крымско-кавказская» единица запаса барабули и «черноморско-азовские» единицы запаса саргана и скатов). Пять единиц запасов («крымско-кавказские» кефали, смариды и ставриды, «черноморско-азовская» атерины и «кавказская» камбалы-калкан) продемонстрировали тенденцию к сокращению, а для остальных единиц запасов рыб («средиземноморских мигрантов» луфаря, пеламиды и скумбрии, «черноморских» мерланга, прочих морских рыб и пиленгаса, «черноморско-азовской» акулы катрана) статус определен не был по причине отсутствия систематизированной биологической и промысловой информации.PublishedReferee