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IOC Strategic Plan for Ocean Data and Information Management (2023–2029).
No full textThe purpose of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO is to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in research, services and capacitybuilding, in order to learn more about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. (IOC Statutes, Article 2.1). The IOC strategy for Ocean Data and Information Management has been regularly developed and published in the IOC Manuals and Guides series since 2008. In 2017, the IOC Strategic Plan 2017–2021 provided a vision and concept for delivering an ocean data and information service for the “global ocean commons”. In 2021, the IODE Committee, at its 26th Session, called for the revision of the IOC Strategic Plan for Oceanographic Data and Information Management taking into account important developments within and outside IOC such as the IOC Medium-Term Strategy (2022–2029), and the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development (2021–2030) as well as the developments in data technology that offers new opportunities.PublishedReferee
Characterization of long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum shell and potential usage areas.
No full textThe long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778) is the most common seashore sea urchin in the tropical Indo-Pacific and also this species is distributed in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we characterize the shell of the long-spined sea urchin Diadema setosum using FTIR and XRD analyses. The powdered shell of D. setosum was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. It was determined that 714 cm-1 and 871 cm-1 peaks from the formed peaks determined the amorphous and crystal structure, respectively. The results of the XRD analysis of the long spiny sea urchin shell overlap 91% with calcite with chemical formula Ca5MgC6O18 and 9% with periclase chemical formula Mg4O4. Analysis results show that D. setosum shell was found to be in calcite structure, and can be used in many areas such as paper, paint, plastic, construction, food, ceramics, and pharmaceuticals. When combined with other studies as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant, it has been revealed to contain amorphous and crystal structures that are useful for different biomedical industries. High availability and accessibility of the long-spined sea urchin, can become a very economical product for these sectors, and in this way, an invasive species will be brought into the economy.PublishedReferee
Исследование биопотенциала продуктов гидролиза отходов от разделки креветки белоногой Penaeus vannamei.
No full textThe relevance of studying the biopotential of shrimp waste and their hydrolysates is due to the need for complex processing of secondary raw materials of aquatic organisms to obtain useful products. At the fish processing plant Vichyunai-Rus LLC when manufacturing food products from white-legged shrimp, up to 60 % of the mass of waste (cephalothorax, shell) remains. This raw material contains valuable organic components, but is not processed. The paper proposes its complex processing with the production of hydrolysates in two ways – high-temperature and enzymatic. During thermohydrolysis in the aquatic environment, three fractions are formed from shrimp waste (fatty, water-soluble and water-insoluble). After separation, the water-soluble fraction was sublimated, and the water-insoluble fraction was dried by convection. The fat fraction was further purified by washing in warm water. The general chemical composition of shrimp waste and hydrolysis products has been studied. It has been shown that water-soluble hydrolysates are a good source of protein components (66.6–71.6 %). In comparative studies of the amino acid composition of water-soluble hydrolysates, the presence of all essential amino acids is established with minor differences between the samples. Both hydrolysates are dominated by alanine, arginine, glycine, isoleucine, lysine, aspartic acid, tyrosine, valine (3.3–6.4 g/100 g of protein). In terms of formol-titratable nitrogen in fermentolisates, alkalase ferments shrimp waste more actively than collagenase. The fatty acid composition of lipids isolated by thermohydrolysis from shrimp waste has been analyzed. Shrimp oil is characterized by a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (44.7 %) with a relatively low content of omega-3 family acids (10.7 %) and a high content of omega-6 (33.9 %) at a ratio of 1 : 3.2 (close to the physiologically recommended). The organoleptic characteristics of water-soluble and water-insoluble shrimp hydrolysates have been studied. Due to the content of valuable biologically active components in hydrolyzates, their use as food and feed additives – sources of active peptides, high-molecular proteins, minerals and chitinous components – is recommended.Актуальность исследования биопотенциала креветочных отходов и их гидролизатов обусловлена необходимостью комплексной переработки вторичного сырья гидробионтов с получением полезных продуктов. На рыбоперерабатывающем предприятии ООО "Вичюнай-Русь" (Калининградская обл.) при изготовлении пищевой продукции из креветки белоногой остается до 60 % массы отходов. Это сырье содержит ценные органические компоненты, но не перерабатывается. В работе предложена его комплексная переработка с получением гидролизатов двумя способами – высокотемпературным и ферментативным. При термогидролизе в водной среде из креветочных отходов образуются три фракции (жировая, водорастворимая и водонерастворимая). После разделения водорастворимую фракцию сублимировали, а водонерастворимую высушивали конвекционно. Изучен общий химический состав креветочных отходов и продуктов гидролиза. Показано, что водорастворимые гидролизаты являются хорошим источником протеиновых компонентов (66,6–71,6 %). В сравнительных исследованиях аминокислотного состава водорастворимых гидролизатов установлено наличие всех незаменимых аминокислот при незначительных различиях между образцами. В обоих гидролизатах преобладают аланин, аргинин, глицин, изолейцин, лизин, аспарагиновая кислота, тирозин, валин (3,3–6,4 г/100 г белка). По показателю формольно-титруемого азота в ферментолизатах алкалаза более активно ферментирует креветочные отходы, чем коллагеназа. Проанализирован жирнокислотный состав выделенных при термогидролизе липидов. Креветочный жир отличается повышенным содержанием полиненасыщенных жирных кислот (44,7 %) при относительно низком содержании кислот семейства омега-3 (10,7 %) и высоком содержании омега-6 (33,9 %) при их соотношении 1 : 3,2, близком к физиологически рекомендуемому. Исследованы органолептические характеристики водорастворимых и водонерастворимых креветочных гидролизатов. С учетом содержания в гидролизатах ценных биологически активных компонентов рекомендовано их применение в качестве пищевых и кормовых добавок – источников активных пептидов, высокомолекулярных белков, минеральных веществ и хитиновых компонентов.PublishedReferee
Ретроспективный анализ ихтиофауны реки Томь в преддверии строительства Крапивинского водохранилища
No full textThe resumption of design and survey work for the construction of the Krapivinsky Hydroelectric Power Plant on the Tom River has necessitated the assessment of the current state of its fish resources and called for making the prediction of their transformation in the event of the hydroelectric complex being put into operation. In the early 20th century, the Tom River was classified as a salmonid habitat. At that time, such valuable commercial species as the Siberian taimen Hucho taimen, blunt-snouted lenok Brachymystax tumensis, tugun Coregonus tugun, humpback whitefish Coregonus pidschian, Nickolsky’s grayling Thymallus nikolskyi, nelma Stenodus leucichthys nelma, muksun Coregonus muksun, and peled Coregonus peled were permanent residents. Sturgeons, such as the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii and sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, were also abundant. Currently, out of these species, grayling, occasionally taimen and lenok are caught in the Tom River; the common roach Rutilus rutilus, European perch Perca fluviatilis, Siberian dace Leuciscus baicalensis and Eurasian ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus comprise 95 % of all fish caught. If construction of the Krapivinsky Reservoir on the Tom River is completed and it is put into operation, a deep-water, slow-flowing “lake-type” water body will be created. The river bed will be blocked, so semi-anadromous fish species, many of which are listed in the Red Data Book — such as Siberian sturgeon, sterlet and nelma,—will disappear. A decrease in the abundance of grayling, taimen and lenok, already low in number, should also be expected. These fish species winter in the pits, some of them migrate to the Ob River, so, after passing the spillway, they will not be able to return upstream to the spawning grounds. The abundance of lake and lake-river species is expected to increase, among them the common roach, dace Leuciscus leuciscus, European perch, Prussian carp Carassius gibelio (introduced locally, subsequently self-dispersed), as well as common bleak Alburnus alburnus and sunbleak Leucaspius delineates (accidental invaders). In the future, it is possible to make an attempt to introduce peled to the upper basin of the Krapivinsky Reservoir. There is a prospective threat of the Chinese sleeper Perccottus glenii spreading in the upcoming reservoir, which can severely undermine its fish stocks.В связи с возобновлением проектно-изыскательских работ по строительству Крапивинской ГЭС на р. Томь появилась необходимость в оценке современного состояния рыбных ресурсов и прогнозировании их трансформации в случае ввода гидроузла в эксплуатацию. В начале XX века р. Томь была отнесена к водоемам лососевого типа. В то время постоянными обитателями были такие ценные промысловые виды, как таймень, тупорылый ленок, тугун, сиг-пыжьян, хариус Никольского, нельма, муксун, пелядь. Значительной численности достигали осетровые: сибирский осетр и стерлядь. В настоящее время из этих рыб в р. Томь отлавливают хариуса, редко тайменя и ленка; 95 % всей выловленной рыбы составляют плотва, речной окунь, сибирский елец и обыкновенный ерш. В случае завершения строительства и ввода в эксплуатацию Крапивинского водохранилища на р. Томь будет создан глубоководный слабопроточный водоем озерного типа. Русло реки будет перекрыто, а следовательно, исчезнут полупроходные виды рыб, многие из которых внесены в Красную книгу Кузбасса — сибирский осетр, стерлядь, нельма. Следует ожидать снижения численности и без того немногочисленных хариуса, тайменя и ленка. Эти рыбы зимуют в ямах, часть из них уходит в р. Обь, и, пройдя водосброс, они уже не смогут подняться к местам нереста. Следует ожидать роста численности озерных и озерно-речных видов, таких как плотва, елец, речной окунь, серебряный карась, а также чужеродных для Обского бассейна леща и сазана (интродуцированных локально, впоследствии саморасселившихся), уклейки, верховки (случайных вселенцев). В будущем в верхнем бьефе Крапивинского водохранилища возможно осуществить попытку вселения пеляди. Существует угроза распространения ротана, способного серьезно подорвать рыбные запасы планируемого водохранилища.PublishedReferee
Blue Carbon: Challenges and opportunities to mitigate the climate and biodiversity crises
No full textClimate change and biodiversity loss are two of humanity’s greatest challenges. Blue carbon, i.e. the carbon captured and stored by marine living organisms and ecosystems, has the potential to help mitigate both challenges, because marine ecosystems that are important for sequestering carbon often also harbour rich biodiversity. Expanding and protecting Blue Carbon ecosystems has therefore been proposed as a Nature-based Solution to complement climate change mitigation efforts on land and to protect and restore marine biodiversity. In addition, securing and rebuilding Blue Carbon ecosystems can stabilise livelihoods, protect coasts, and support other societal needs such as food provision from the Ocean. However, the effectiveness of Blue Carbon ecosystems as a Nature-based Solution depends on the available space and ecosystem productivity, which can be impacted by climate change. Moreover, the overall carbon sequestration potential of Blue Carbon ecosystems is low and their contribution to climate stabilisation will only be significant once greenhouse gas emissions are strongly limited. Therefore, a drastic reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to keep global warming close to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels is essential to maintain the health and long-term functionality of Blue Carbon ecosystems as a Nature-based Solution. This document describes examples and benefits of Blue Carbon ecosystems, and discusses uncertainties and challenges for the conservation and restoration of Blue Carbon ecosystems as a climate change solution. It also highlights the wider role of the Ocean in mitigating climate change through the carbon cycle, and closes with key research and management recommendations.PublishedReferee
Prevention strategy for viral infection with Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis in shrimp farming
No full textEl virus de la Necrosis Hipodérmica y Hematopoyética Infecciosa es responsable en los últimos 30 años del decrecimiento productivo y la baja supervivencia de algunas especies de camarones penaeidos cultivados. En la actualidad esta enfermedad es tema de discusión y análisis en numerosos foros internacionales, debido a su incremento en los últimos cinco años. A pesar de que la enfermedad no se encuentra presente en Cuba, existe una gran preocupación por parte de las autoridades competentes del país debido a los movimientos de organismos vivos y refrigerados que se realizan, dentro y desde fuera de la nación. El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de determinar líneas de bioseguridad específicas para este virus en el cultivo del camarón Penaeus vannamei. Aunque los métodos matriciales son comunes en los análisis de riesgo biológico, el de matriz de riesgo tridimensional, resulta más abarcador por incluir el rol de las defensas en las secuencias accidentales que representan la introducción y propagación de la enfermedad. Para aplicar el método se empleó el código SECURE-MR-FMEA. Los resultados identifican los riesgos más contribuyentes para la camaronicultura en el escenario de Cuba, basados en la degradación de las defensas que caracterizan las buenas prácticas en un caso ideal, así como describen las medidas de defensa más trascendentes en dichas condiciones. El empleo del método y sus resultados constituyen una novedad en el campo de las investigaciones de bioseguridad. La investigación contribuye a la preparación de una estrategia de bioseguridad específica para esta patología del camarón, que constituye un importante riesgo económico para este rubro productivo.The Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis virus has been responsible in the last 30 years for the decrease in production and the low survival of some species of farmed penaeid shrimp. Due to its increase in recent years, this illness is now the subject of intense debates and investigations on a global scale. Although Cuba is not affected by the disease, there are great concerns on the part of the competent authorities as regards the movements in and out of their country of those living and refrigerated organisms. The present study was carried out to determine specific biosafety lines for this virus in Penaeus vannamei shrimp farming. Although matrix methods are common in biological risk analysis, the three-dimensional risk matrix is more comprehensive because it includes the role of defenses in the accidental sequences that represent the introduction and disease spread. To apply the method, the code SECUREMR-FMEA was used. The results identify the most contributing risks for shrimp farming in the Cuban scenario based on the degradation of defenses, which characterize good practices in an ideal case, as well as describe the most important defense measures in such conditions.The use of this method and its results constitute a novelty in the field of biosafety research. The study assists in developing a specialized biosafety strategy for this shrimp disease, which poses a significant financial danger to this productive region.PublishedReferee
Characterization of tricodinids as biohazards during the fingerling stage of Clarias gariepinus farmed in Cuba.
No full textLa bioseguridad en la acuicultura se ocupa de la gestión de la sanidad de los animales acuáticos y la reducción de los riesgos a la salud pública asociados con la producción y el consumo de productos acuícolas. Particularmente, las enfermedades son un tema de atención en todo sistema de cría y producción de animales. En la acuicultura cubana, una de las especies ícticas de mayor importancia es el pez gato africano Clarias gariepinus. Esta especie introducida es afectada por protozoos ciliados parásitos de la familia Trichodinidae durante los primeros estadios de vida. El presente trabajo se trazó como objetivo, identificar y caracterizar las especies de tricodínidos que afectan el cultivo de C. gariepinus en la estación de alevinaje La Juventud, Provincia Pinar del Río, Cuba. Dichas especies identificadas y caracterizadas fueron T. heterodentata, T. acuta y T. merciae, las cuales son consideradas peligros biológicos para el cultivo de este pez. Estos resultados constituyen el primer paso para desarrollar un análisis de riesgo que garantice un manejo adecuado de la bioseguridad en las estaciones acuícolas.ENGLISH ----------------In aquaculture, biosecurity deals with the management of aquatic animals’ health and to reducing risks to public health issues associated with the production and consumption of aquaculture products. In particular, diseases are a matter of care in every animal husbandry and production systems. In Cuban aquaculture, one of the most important fish species is the African catfish Clarias gariepinus. This introduced species is affected by parasitic protozoa of the family Trichodinidae during the first stages of its life cycle. The present work was outlined as objective, to identify and characterize the species of tricodinids that affect the C. gariepinus cultivation in La Juventud fingerling station, Provincia Pinar del Río, Cuba. The identified and characterized species were Trichodina heterodentata, T. acuta and T. merciae, which are considered biohazards for the culture of this fish. These results constitute the first step to develop a risk analysis that guarantees adequate management of biosecurity in aquaculture stations.PublishedReferee
Unveiling the quarries world: outreach and dissemination session in the framework of Fishtuna Festival 2023
No full textDuring the last edition of Fishtuna festival I had the opportunity to share some insights from field-based research conducted in the Aegadian Islands MPA in 2016-2017. This event shed light on local traditions and on the intangible heritage of the Aegadian Archipelago, focusing on traditions from multiple perspectives: art, tourism and traditional food. On this perspective, I briefly introduced through a video projection, an extract of the work performed in collaboration with the Aegadian Islands MPA and the University of Rome in 2016-2017 dedicated to another relevant aspect of the cultural heritage of this place: the quarries of the eastern portion of Favignana island.TEMPOREALEPublishedNot Know
Workshop on the Development of Quantitative Assessment Methodologies based on Life- history traits, exploitation characteristics, and other relevant parameters for data-limited stocks (WKLIFEXII)
No full textThe objective of the Twelfth Workshop on the Development of Quantitative Assessment Methodologies based on Life-history traits, exploitation characteristics, and other relevant parameters for data-limited stocks (WKLIFE XII) was to further develop methods for stock assessment, stock status, and catch advice for stocks in ICES Categories 2–6, focusing on the provision of sound advice rules adhering to the ICES advisory framework and principles for fisheries management. This report addresses (i) questions from different ICES assessment working groups and stakeholders regarding the applicability of the data-limited technical guidelines, (ii) the prioritisation of future tasks regarding the ICES data-limited framework, (iii) further development and testing of data-limited methodologies with specific focus on the review of the current ICES advice framework for stock Categories 4-6, spatial indicators, and reference points for surplus production models, and (iv) other relevant data-limited topics. A survey of participants resulted in a high prioritisation score of four topics of the ICES data-limited roadmap: (1) risk equivalence, best available science, guidelines and communication of data-limited methods, (2) value of information of different data-types and data preparation, (3) better advice for slow-growing species, and (4) observation and parameter uncertainty in empirical harvest control rules and length-based approaches. The current ICES approach for Category 5 and 6 stocks, with an advice for constant annual catch and a periodic reduction with a precautionary buffer, is a form of non-adaptive management and an initial review revealed that it may not be precautionary if a stock is overfished but also overly precautionary in other situations. An exploration of spatial indicators showed that these have the potential to inform on stock status. A stochastic definition of MSY Btrigger for surplus production models takes uncertainty into account and leads to higher reference values than the current definition for stocks with low and intermediate biomass variability.PublishedReferee
Effects of chitosan-microparticles-coating on the quality of vacuum-packed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets during refrigerated storage.
No full textIn this work, a combination of vaccum pachaging and bio-coating by chitosan were used to coat sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets in order to delay growth of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, psychrophilic bacteria during refrigerated storage (22 days). The preservative effect of refrigerated and vacuum-packed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets treated at two different percentage doses (0.2% and 0.5% w/w) of co-products of shellfish was evaluated on the basis of microbiological, proximate composition, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), trimethylamine (TMA), thiobarbyturic acid (TBArs), and fatty acids (FA). Two ways ANOVA and multiple comparisons were applied, factors being storage time and treatment. During refrigerated storage, the treatment with chitosan from separate co-products exhibited more antimicrobial activity and the lowest value of the TVB-N, TMA and TBArs compared to control lots. The bio-coating by 0.5% dose of chitosan preserved quality and the prolonged shelf-life for 10 days longer. Overall, this treatment may open new promising opportunities for the biopreservation of fish products by enhancing the period of storage of refrigerated and vacuum-packed seabass fillets.PublishedReferee