IRIS Università degli Studi dell'Aquila
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The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies in Advancing Total Hip Arthroplasty
Get PDFTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) is a widely performed surgical procedure that has evolved significantly due to advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics. As demand for THA grows, reliable tools are essential to enhance diagnosis, preoperative planning, surgical precision, and postoperative rehabilitation. AI applications in orthopedic surgery offer innovative solutions, including automated hip osteoarthritis (OA) diagnosis, precise implant positioning, and personalized risk stratification, thereby improving patient outcomes. Deep learning models have transformed OA severity grading and implant identification by automating traditionally manual processes with high accuracy. Additionally, AI-powered systems optimize preoperative planning by predicting the hip joint center and identifying complications using multimodal data. Robotic-assisted THA enhances surgical precision with real-time feedback, reducing complications such as dislocations and leg length discrepancies while accelerating recovery. Despite these advancements, barriers such as cost, accessibility, and the steep learning curve for surgeons hinder widespread adoption. Postoperative rehabilitation benefits from technologies like virtual and augmented reality and telemedicine, which enhance patient engagement and adherence. However, limitations, particularly among elderly populations with lower adaptability to technology, underscore the need for user-friendly platforms. To ensure comprehensiveness, a structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Keywords included "artificial intelligence", "machine learning", "robotics", and "total hip arthroplasty". Inclusion criteria emphasized peer-reviewed studies published in English within the last decade focusing on technological advancements and clinical outcomes. This review evaluates AI and robotics' role in THA, highlighting opportunities and challenges and emphasizing further research and real-world validation to integrate these technologies into clinical practice effectively
Security and Fairness in Multi-Party Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol
Get PDFQuantum secret sharing (QSS) is a cryptographic protocol that leverages quantum mechanics to distribute a secret among multiple parties. With respect to the classical counterpart, in QSS the secret is encoded into quantum states and shared by a dealer such that only an authorized subsets of participants, i.e., the players, can reconstruct it. Several state-of-the-art studies aim to transpose classical Secret Sharing into the quantum realm, while maintaining their reliance on traditional network topologies (e.g., star, ring, fully-connected) and require that all the n players calculate the secret. These studies exploit the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state, which is a type of maximally entangled quantum state involving three or more qubits. However, none of these works account for redundancy, enhanced security/privacy features or authentication mechanisms able to fingerprint players. To address these gaps, in this paper we introduce a new concept of QSS which leans on a generic distributed quantum-network, based on a threshold scheme, where all the players collaborate also to the routing of quantum information among them. The dealer, by exploiting a custom flexible weighting system, takes advantage of a newly defined quantum Dijkstra algorithm to select the most suitable subset of t players, out of the entire set on n players, to involve in the computation. To fingerprint and authenticate users, CRYSTAL-Kyber primitives are adopted, while also protecting each player's privacy by hiding their identities. We show the effectiveness and performance of the proposed protocol by testing it against the main classical and quantum attacks, thereby improving the state-of-the-art security measures
Intention to leave and missed nursing care: a scoping review
Get PDFINTRODUCTION
The nursing profession is fundamental to the functioning of healthcare systems but is often characterised by high turnover rates, considerable job dissatisfaction, and a significant intention to leave. A closely related phenomenon is "missed nursing care," defined as essential nursing tasks that are omitted (partially or completely), delayed, or not performed. The relationship between missed nursing care and the intention to leave the profession represents a critical issue in modern healthcare.
AIMS
This scoping review aims to synthesize evidence on the relationship between Missed Nursing Care (MNC) and Intention to Leave (ITL), highlighting the factors influencing both phenomena.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A scoping review was conducted to examine the relationship between "missed nursing care" and "intention to leave" among nurses. The search, conducted between May and June 2024, included PUBMED, SCOPUS, and EBSCO databases, focusing on English-language studies from the last 10 years. Zotero was used for study management, and quality assessment was performed using the "JBI Critical Appraisal Tools." Two independent reviewers screened studies and resolved discrepancies through discussion and consensus.
RESULTS
The electronic research strategies used produced 102 papers, of which 24 were relevant to the aims of the review. The results of this study show a clear correlation between missed nursing care and intention to leave among nurses in different healthcare settings.
DISCUSSION
This literature review demonstrates a strong and consistent correlation between missed nursing care and nurses' intention to leave the profession. The findings indicate that missed nursing care is closely linked to heightened job dissatisfaction, which in turn significantly increases the likelihood of nurses considering leaving their roles.
CONCLUSIONS
The relationship between missed nursing care and intention to leave the profession is well documented in the literature and highlights the importance of addressing the factors that contribute to missed nursing care. Improving nurses' working conditions is essential to reduce their intention to leave the profession. To effectively tackle missed nursing care and mitigate the intention to leave, it is necessary to adopt targeted strategic and management approaches and to foster an organisational culture that prioritises the well-being of nurses
A bone remodeling model involving two mechanical stimuli originated from shear and normal load conditions within the 3D continuum mechanics framework
No full textWe propose a three-dimensional macroscopic continuum model designed to predict the remodeling phenomenon of bone tissue. In the proposed model, we focus on the evolution of two crucial stiffness parameters: the bulk and shear moduli. These parameters independently adapt to the mechanical demands to which bone tissue is subjected, mainly to withstand hydrostatic and deviatoric deformations. These mechanical stimulations influence the activity of bone cells, leading to changes in bone structure and strength and, in turn, the above-mentioned moduli. The formulation is simplified, serving as an initial step towards a more comprehensive modeling approach. The evolution of these stiffness parameters is proposed based on an energetic argument to describe the functional adaptation process. Numerical experiments, conducted on a cylindrical specimen resembling a femur, demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the bone remodeling process with distinct evolutions for multiple material parameters, in contrast to the conventional approach that permits only one-parameter evolution
Measurement of PDE5 concentration in human serum: proof-of-concept and validation of methodology in control and prostate cancer patients
Get PDFPurpose: We aimed to investigate if the type 5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5), an enzyme with cardinal biological functions in sexual and cardiovascular health, can be detected and quantited in human serum. Methods: Blood samples were collected from control male and female subjects. PDE5 levels were measured by a specific ELISA kit. ROC curves weighted for age and serum levels of PSA (male subjects), or age (female subjects) were used to identify the predictive ability in the detection of PCa. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV values were determined for cut-off value determined during ROC curve analysis. Results: 41 control male subjects, 18 control female subjects, and 55 consecutive subjects, of which 25 were affected by benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and 30 with histologically confirmed prostate cancer (PCa), were studied. PDE5 serum levels were detectable in all subjects (range: 5 to 65 ng/ml). Analysis by MANCOVA identified a significant difference in serum PDE5 between control subjects or hyperplasia patients and PCa patients. Marginal means of serum PDE5 concentrations showed a significant difference (p < 0.001). The ROC curve demonstrated that PDE5 serum levels can predict men with or without PCa, with 0.806 AUC value (p < 0.0001). Using a 12.705 ng/ml PDE5 serum cut-off yielded sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 83.3%, 77.27%, 62.5%, and 91.1% in detecting men with histologically proven PCa, respectively. Conclusions: We demonstrated, for the first time, that PDE5 levels can be detected in human sera and that PCa patients have significantly higher PDE5 concentration compared to BPH patients or male and female controls. While serum PDE5 level measurement may open new research avenues, the clinical relevance of PDE5 levels in PCa patients deserves further investigation
Strengthening all-of-society approaches for disaster resilient societies: a European research agenda
No full textTrust, Trustworthiness and the Moral Dimension in human-AI Interactions
Get PDFThe growing use of Autonomous Agents (AAs) in both private and public sectors raises crucial questions about trust. As AI systems take on increasingly complex tasks and decisions, their interactions with human agents (HAs) raise questions about the relevance and applicability of traditional philosophical concepts of trust and trustworthiness (sections 1 and 2). In this paper, I will explore the nuances of trust in AAs, arguing against both the complete dismissal of trust as misplaced (section 4) and the application of “genuine” trust frameworks (section 5). My aim is to lay the groundwork for the understanding that the moral complexity of interactions with AAs goes beyond the mere reliance we place on inanimate objects (section 6)
Interpretation and management of T wave inversion in athletes: An expert opinion statement of the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology (SICSPORT)
Get PDFT wave inversion (TWI) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) is a relatively common finding in athletes. It poses a diagnostic challenge, as it can indicate either a benign physiological pattern or an early sign of serious cardiac pathology. This expert opinion statement provides a comprehensive review of the current understanding of TWI in athletes, emphasizing the importance of its localization, associated clinical features, and demographic factors in guiding its interpretation and management. We explore the potential causes of TWI, including physiological adaptations such as the juvenile pattern and training-induced repolarization variants, as well as pathological conditions like cardiomyopathies, ion channel diseases, and other cardiac abnormalities. Additionally, we discuss the implications of TWI in different ECG leads—anterior, inferior, and lateral—and the diagnostic work-up needed to exclude underlying disease. The importance of follow-up in athletes with TWI is highlighted, particularly for young athletes, to monitor the potential development of cardiomyopathy. Finally, we address considerations for sports eligibility in athletes with TWI, stressing the need for a balanced approach that ensures athlete safety without imposing unnecessary restrictions and investigations