IRIS Università degli Studi dell'Aquila
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Micropropagation of blackberry and blueberry: assessing the effects of subculture duration and explant density through the integration of traditional measurements and smartphone 3D imaging
Get PDFThe cultivation and consumption of blackberry and blueberry are expanding, with micropropagation emerging as the dominant propagation method. In the present study the influence of explant density and subculture duration on blackberry (Rubus spp. cv. ′Thornfree′) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L. cv. ′Brigitta′) was investigated. Four initial densities (6.64, 4.43, 3.32, and 2.21 cm2 per explant, considering a vessel base area of 66.48 cm2) and two subculture durations (30 and 45 days for blackberry; 45 and 60 days for blueberry) were tested. Hereafter, the four densities will be referred to as 10, 15, 20, and 30 explants per vessel. Growth performance was assessed through shoot viability, number and length, callus formation, fresh and dry biomass, chlorophyll content, and canopy area, the latter quantified via high-resolution 3D modeling using an iPhone 15 Pro Max, viDoc RTK Rover, and Pix4Dcatch. In blackberry, subculture duration was the primary determinant of growth. Rooting occurred only at 45 days, while mean shoot length was lower at 45 days and this was due to increased shoot number and total shoot length. Explant density affected the dry weight that was higher with 10 explants due to a higher callus development. The chlorophyll content decreased at the higher explant density tested. The covered area per explant increased with explant density and subculture duration, reaching maximum values at 30 explants and at 45 days; shoot density followed the same trend. In blueberry, subculture duration significantly affected shoot length, callus fresh weight, and biomass accumulation. Longer subcultures (60 days) enhanced shoot length, callus weight, and dry weight, although shoot fresh weight remained unchanged. Chlorophyll content was not affected by either the number of explants or the duration of subculture. The highest values of the covered area per explant were observed with 10 explants and the lowest with 30 explants. Covered area also increased at 60 days of subculture. Shoot density decreased with increasing explant number but increased with subculture duration. These findings identify subculture duration as the key driver of micropropagation efficiency and demonstrate, for the first time, the potentiality of integrating digital 3D phenotyping to optimize protocols for blackberry and blueberry micropropagation. These findings identify subculture duration as the key driver of micropropagation efficiency and demonstrate, for the first time, the potentiality of integrating digital 3D phenotyping to optimize protocols for blackberry and blueberry micropropagation. Digital imaging further revealed species-specific responses: in blackberry, shoot-covered area and shoot density increased with both explant number and subculture duration; in blueberry, instead, shoot-covered area and density decreased with increasing explant number but increased with subculture duration
Rescaling and mesoshear deformations of lattice metamaterials
Get PDFExperimental results are presented for a lattice metamaterial with a complex mesostructure composed of parallel fibers aligned at different levels. The experimental evidence suggests that the fibers, in addition to their own deformations, such as elongation and bending, and to the relative rotation between two adjacent layers, may also slide relative to each other under certain conditions. This deformation mechanism is taken into account and used as a key hypothesis in the development of a new continuum model. A remarkable rescaling property possessed by the considered metamaterial is also discussed
CdCl2 Treatment for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4: A Method to Enhance the Solar Cell Performance
No full textUnlike other thin-film absorbers, CZTSSe can be efficiently produced using nonvacuum techniques, which enable precise control over the stoichiometry of the absorber layer from the precursor solution stage. Despite extensive research over the past two decades, CZTSSe has not surpassed an efficiency of 15%, primarily due to a significant V oc deficit. To address this challenge, researchers typically pursue either alloying the absorber with additional elements to tune the band gap or doping the absorber with impurities to boost carrier concentration. This study presents a straightforward approach for improving performance by either narrowing the band gap or doping the absorber by processing, for the first time, the CZTSSe by CdCl2 treatment, which can be applied to any fabrication process. Depending on the stage of the fabrication process at which it is carried out, the same practical CdCl2 treatment can introduce Cd into the CZTSSe matrix as an alloying or doping agent
Qual è il generedi iris? e di iride? E si dice irìdeo o iridèo? E che significa iridato?
No full textBrugada Syndrome in Sports Cardiology: An Expert Opinion Statement of the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology (SICSport)
Get PDFBrugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic disorder marked by a characteristic electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern of ST-segment elevation and T-wave inversion in right precordial leads, which is associated with an increased risk of ventricular fibrillation in the absence of structural heart disease. Despite advancements in understanding its epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment, there is considerable variability in how sports cardiologists approach BrS. This expert opinion by the Italian Society of Sports Cardiology (SICSPORT) aim to review the current definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, genetics, risk stratification, and treatment of BrS and provide guidance for sport eligibility provides guidance for sports doctors and cardiologists in assessing competitive sports eligibility in athletes with BrS. A multiparametric approach to diagnosis and risk stratification is recommended, noting that the presence of a Brugada ECG pattern (BrP) does not confirm a BrS diagnosis. The risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) is low in asymptomatic individuals with type 1 BrP, especially those with a drug-induced pattern. Pharmacological testing is not required for type 2 or 3 patterns without other risk factors. Low-risk individuals do not require therapy, while intermediate or high-risk patients may need pharmacological treatment, ICD implantation, or ablation. Asymptomatic individuals with type 2 or 3 BrP, no family history of SCD, and no other risk factors may be eligible for competitive sports, as well as asymptomatic type 1 BrP without risk factors and negative electrophysiological study. Conversely, sports eligibility should be denied in patients with BrS who have a history of syncope or cardiac arrest (high-risk subjects), regardless of ICD presence
A piecewise linear-in-time approximation of the surface heat flux for solving direct and inverse heat conduction problems
Get PDFAn approximate method based on superposition of exact analytical solutions is given for
solving direct and inverse transient linear heat conduction problems. The starting point is
to model the time-varying surface heat flux as piecewise linear (connected line
segments).
Solutions constructed using the piecewise linear assumption employ both constant and
linear-in-time heat flux-based “building blocks,” where the constant basic building block
is typical of a piecewise constant profile approximation (stair step variation) of the
surface heat flux.
The solution can be interpreted as a numerical approximation of the transient Green’s
functions solution equation (GFSE) based on a heat flux formulation. The concept of
computational analytical solution is used to evaluate the exact analytical building block
solutions involved in the superposition to any desired degree of accuracy.
The above superposition is relevant in investigation of inverse heat conduction problems
(IHCPs) as it gives a convenient expression for the temperature in terms of the unknown
heat flux components.
Some examples of comparison between the proposed piecewise linear profile
approximation for the arbitrary-in-time surface heat flux and the well-established
piecewise constant profile are given when solving both direct and inverse problems. The
combined effect of the accuracy of the basic building block solutions and the number of
time steps chosen when discretizing the surface heat flux is also analyzed.
For the sake of completeness, some results when the surface temperature is the boundary
condition of interest are provided too
Intelligenza Generativa: una possibile ridefinizione della didattica e della valutazione formativa. Indagine tra i docenti in formazione.
No full textEffectiveness and tolerability of atogepant in the prevention of migraine: A real life, prospective, multicentric study (the STAR study)
Get PDFBackground: Focusing on calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) as a specific target has changed and improved migraine management. After the positive results of monoclonal antibodies directed to the CGRP pathway (anti-CGRP mAbs), randomized controlled trials also demonstrated the efficacy of gepants in migraine prevention. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of atogepant in preventing migraine after a 12-week treatment in clinical practice. Methods: Adult patients with a clinical indication for atogepant 60 mg daily were screened for participation in this multicentric prospective observational cohort study. At baseline (T0) and after 12 weeks (T3) since the first atogepant administration, monthly migraine days (MMDs), monthly headache days (MHDs) and monthly acute medications (MAMs) were assessed. The co-primary endpoints were the changes in MMDs from T0 to T3 and the percentage of T3 Responders (those with a reduction of MMDs ≥50%, i.e. 50% response rate (RR)). At T0 and T3, we also collected the Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), the Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) questionnaire, the Migraine Treatment Optimization Questionnaire-6 (mTOQ-6), the Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (MSQ), the 12-item Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC-12) and the Migraine Interictal Burden Scale (MIBS-4). Results: One hundred and six patients (56/106 (52.8%) with chronic migraine (CM), 93/106 (87.7%) female, aged 50.6 ± 13.2 years) from 10 Italian centers completed the 12-week observation since the first atogepant tablet intake. From baseline to T3, a reduction of 6.9 MMDs (SD 9.7; p < 0.001) was achieved in the whole group and, specifically, of −4.9 (SD 6.6; p < 0.001) in episodic migraine (EM) and of −8.6 (SD 11.7; p < 0.001) in CM patients. Overall, 60/106 (56.6%) of patients were Responders (60.0% in the EM and 46.4% in the CM group). Non-Responders previously experienced more ineffective treatments than Responders with anti-CGRP mAbs (65.2% vs. 43.3%, respectively, p = 0.031) and with onabotulinumtoxinA (56.5% vs. 28.3%, p = 0.005), and presented more medication overuse at baseline (55.7% vs. 44.3%, p = 0.003). However, no baseline characteristics were significantly associated with the Responder status in the multiple regression analysis. For T0 to T3, MAMs, MIDAS, ASC-12 and mTOQ-6 reduced (p ≤ 0.001 consistently), and MSQ role-function restriction increased (p = 0.026), whereas HIT-6 and MIBS-4 did not change. Only seven subjects (7/106, 6.6%) dropped out of atogepant treatment: four for lack of effectiveness and three for adverse events or poor tolerability. Conclusions: The STAR study demonstrates the effectiveness and tolerability of atogepant 60 mg at 12 weeks in a real-world setting. Previous ineffective anti-CGRP mAbs were not a relevant prognostic factor. Trial Registration: The study was preregistered on clinicaltrial.gov, NCT06414044
