IRIS Università degli Studi dell'Aquila
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Simulating crowd behaviour to implement safety-based urban design techniques aimed at optimizing evacuation
No full textThe effect of single versus group culture on cumulus-oocyte complexes from early antral follicles
No full textPurpose This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of single versus group culture strategies for cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) derived from early antral follicles (EAFs), with the goal of optimizing culture conditions to increase oocyte availability for assisted reproductive technologies. Methods COCs isolated from EAFs (350-450 mu m) from sheep ovaries were cultured in TCM199 medium supplemented with 0.15 mu g/mL Zn++ as zinc sulfate, 10-4 IU/mL FSH, 10 ng/mL estradiol, 50 ng/mL testosterone, 50 ng/mL progesterone, and 5 mu M Cilostamide. After 5 days of long in vitro culture (LIVC), COCs underwent in vitro maturation. This study investigated the effects of single and group culture conditions on COCs, focusing on morphology (integrity of oocyte-granulosa cell complex), viability, oocyte diameter, chromatin configuration, and ultrastructure. Additional factors influencing developmental competence were assessed, including global transcriptional activity, gap junction communication, and meiotic competence. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial activity were also measured. Results No significant differences were observed between groups in terms of morphology, viability, oocyte diameter, chromatin configuration, ROS levels, or mitochondrial activity. However, group culture resulted in ultrastructural changes, with a notable reduction in global transcriptional activity, an increase in active gap junctions, and a higher rate of meiosis resumption (p < 0.01). Conclusion Overall, group culture of COCs derived from sheep EAFs promoted meiosis resumption, suggesting that this approach could improve in vitro culture techniques, increase the availability of mature gametes, and support fertility preservation programs
Green hydrogen as a sustainable operations strategy: A socio-economic perspective
Get PDFHydrogen is an energy carrier that can support the development of sustainable and flexible energy systems. However, decarbonization can occur when green sources are used for energy production and appropriate water use is manifested. This work aims to propose a socio-economic analysis of hydrogen production from an integrated wind and electrolysis plant in southern Italy. The estimated production amounts to about 1.8 million kg and the LCOH is calculated to be 3.60 €/kg in the base scenario. Analyses of the alternative scenarios allow us to observe that with a high probability the value ranges between 3.20–4.00 €/kg and that the capacity factor is the factor that most affects the economic results. Social analysis, conducted through an online survey, shows a strong knowledge gap as only 27.5 % claim to know the difference between green and grey hydrogen. There is a slight propensity to install systems near their homes, but this tends to increase due to increased knowledge on the topic. Respondents state sustainable behaviours, and this study suggests that these aspects should also be transformed into the energy choices that are implemented every day. The study suggests information to policy-makers, businesses and citizens as it outlines that green hydrogen is an operations strategy that moves toward sustainable development
On water hammer waves
Get PDFWater hammer waves, i.e., low-frequency, low-Mach number propagation of finite-amplitude pressure waves in pipe flow, are investigated by means of the wave equation proposed in Di Nucci et al., 2024a, 2024b. The wave equation, resembling a linear damped wave equation, comes from the turbulent-viscosity model based on the quasi-incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Changes in temperature due to entropy production are neglected, and adiabatic conditions are imposed. Additional insights on the assumptions used to derive the wave equation are also provided. Focusing on the one-dimensional propagation of pressure waves in liquid-filled pipes (without cavitation), analytical solution of the wave equation is tested against experimental data available from the literature. The impact of the simplifying assumptions on the quantitative outcomes appears to be small; therefore a good level of accuracy in replicating water hammer wave characteristics (including damping, smoothing, and maximum pressure peak) is achieved. Results show that the Reynolds number has minimal influence on water hammer wave propagation, i.e., the vorticity field has no remarkable effect on flow behavior. Deeper attention is given to entropy production, and to the role played by the dimensionless number which is identified as predominant in water hammer wave propagation. Damping properties are also determined
Cognitive biases in accounting judgment and decision making: a review, a typology, and a future research agenda
No full textCognitive biases, i.e. systematic patterns of deviation from rationality, significantly affect accounting judgment and decision making (such as misinterpreting financial data), leading to adverse consequences for businesses, organisations, and society. Despite widespread acknowledgment of these effects in behavioural accounting research, there is a noticeable absence of a comprehensive review of cognitive biases. We reviewed 139 accounting articles dealing with cognitive biases in accounting judgment and decision making. We organise the literature according to the impact of cognitive biases among audit, financial accounting, and management accounting disciplines and related tasks. In doing that, we provide a typology of biases in accounting judgment and decision making considering their different antecedents – namely, easy attribution biases, emotional-driven biases, and frame dependence biases. Moreover, a future research agenda is proposed. This includes exploring overlooked biases, studying biases that may positively impact specific tasks, examining interactions and conflicts between biases, and exploring the interaction between professionals and supporting technologies (e.g. Artificial Intelligence) in understanding cognitive biases’ study, formation, and reduction.Design/methodology/approach – The framework was grounded in the relevant literature and the CSRD requirements.
Findings – This paper provides companies with a novel framework for implementing the requirements of the CSRD through a SBSC. The framework specifies four key steps (i.e. identifying material themes, initial assessment, strategic formulation and action, and sustainability reporting) to integrate sustainability with corporate governance.
Practical implications – The framework supports managers’ decision-making processes in linking sustainability with strategy and providing a basis for integrating sustainability with corporate governance in organizations. The paper provides a way to practically address the CSRD requirements.
Originality/value – This is the first study integrating the emerging CSRD requirements with corporate governance. The paper advances discussion and debate by management scholars on how a SBSC can be practically implemented, providing details on how this may be achieved
How far are we from bringing intensive care bundle for intracerebral hemorrhage into the real-world setting? A 5-year population based-study
Get PDFIntroduction: Comprehensive care bundles including rapid blood pressure management, anticoagulation reversal, neurosurgical consultation, control of blood glucose and body temperature, can improve short- and medium-term outcomes in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study assessed how the acute management of ICH practices evolved in a real-world setting over five years characterized by global changes in ICH care. Methods: This study analysed ICH cases from a population-based stroke registry between 2018 and 2022. We collected demographic and clinical data, focusing on key parameters of ICH management, such as systolic blood pressure, anticoagulation reversal, neurosurgical referrals, blood glucose, and body temperature. We also examined yearly trends in control of parameters over time. Results: We included 460 patients with ICH (55.4% male, median age 79 years, interquartile range 69-85). At onset, 266 patients (57.8%) had high SBP (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg), 286 (70.3%) hyperglycemia (blood glucose ≥ 108 mg/dL), and 63 (17.3%) hyperpyrexia (body temperature ≥ 37.0*C). Anticoagulation was reversed in 21.4% of anticoagulated patients within 24 h. Neurosurgical referrals were made for 84.6% of patients while only 12.4% underwent surgery. From 2018 to 2022, anticoagulation reversal rates increased from 0 to 88.9% (p < 0.001), while neurosurgical referrals not followed by surgery decreased from 79.5 to 55.7% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This real-world study demonstrates suboptimal management of key factors associated with ICH prognosis; nevertheless, it highlights improvement over time. There is a need for structured interventions to improve the timely and consistent application of simple yet effective measures yielding the potential to improve patients' outcomes
Measure solutions, smoothing effect, and deterministic particle approximation for a conservation law with non-local flux
No full textPredicting costs of local public bus transport services through machine learning methods
No full textSymmetric Point Sets with Few Intersection Numbers in PG(r,q)
Get PDFIn 1965, H. Retkin and E. Stein defined a symmetric point set as a set of points with
the same intersection numbers. In this paper, we perform a detailed analysis of symmetric
point sets of the finite projective space which shows that the class of symmetric sets is very
broad including caps, two-character sets and transitive sets. We derive necessary conditions
for the existence of such sets. Since the most studied sets are caps and two-character sets
and not much seems to be known in the general case of sets, which are different from caps,
with more than two intersection numbers, by using incidence-preserving group actions,
symmetric point sets with few intersection numbers are provided. The results indicate that
any finite projective space contains symmetric sets with few intersection numbers