IRIS Università degli Studi dell'Aquila
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ITALCONSULT et le Tourisme: le laboratoire tunisien et son transfert durant les années 1960
No full textEvidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of migraine, summary version
Get PDFWe here present evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of migraine. These guidelines, created by the Italian Society for the Study of Headache and the International Headache Society, aim to offer clear, actionable recommendations to healthcare professionals. They incorporate evidence-based recommendations from randomized controlled trials and expert-based opinions. The guidelines follow the GRADE approach for assessing the quality of evidence. The guideline development involved a systematic review of literature across multiple databases, adherence to Cochrane review methods, and a structured framework for data extraction and interpretation. Although the guidelines provide a robust foundation for migraine treatment, they also highlight gaps in current research, such as the paucity of head-to-head drug comparisons and the need for long-term outcome studies. These guidelines serve as a resource to standardize migraine treatment and promote high-quality care across different healthcare settings
EVALUATION OF TWO- AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL CULTURE MODELS TO STUDY EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AS POTENTIAL BIOMARKERS IN OVARIAN CANCER
No full textDeep learning augmented medium-term photovoltaic energy forecasting: A coupled approach using PVGIS and numerical weather model data
Get PDFIntegrating PV energy resources into energy grids is crucial for PV energy organizations, making medium- and short-term PV forecasts important. PV organizations look forward to modern tolls for efficient systems for the most beneficial operations for PV systems. This research proposes, applies, and assesses a modern machine learning and deep learning based short-term PV energy forecasting system. Numerical weather model-based data is utilized for real-time forecasting at an hourly scale for the next four days, an additional analysis is performed by leveraging the PVGIS data in addition to NWM data. The proposed methodology is developed and applied to more than 200 PV installations, both BIPVs and BAPVs. The system was able to produce effective PV energy forecasts with high accuracy and efficiency analysis of 3 different PV installations ranging 17 kWp, 91 kWp, and 386kWp are reported in this paper. The research concluded with the feasibility of the proposed systems and findings further support the efficacy of the proposed framework, which can be adopted by organizations seeking to optimize PV system performance and reliability
Stressful Life Events and Heart Failure: A Mixed-Method Study to Analyze the Patient’s Perspective
Get PDFIntroduction: The challenge in heart failure medical practice is to address the clinical and laboratory method integrations for the shared decision-making process in caring for patients and families. Furthermore, stressful life events may worsen outcomes in patients with heart failure. This study aimed to explore patient perceptions regarding cardiac care analyzing the individual needs and features of adverse life event experiences. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used in this study. This quantitative research focuses on clinical (medical and psychological) data. Giorgi’s phenomenological method was applied to the interview analysis. Results: Qualitative analyses highlighted the role of patient-engagement strategies powered by cardiologists in a personalized approach that favors adherence to complex medical therapies. Active patient involvement and associated engagement based on cardiologists’ confidence are focal points for facilitating management-therapy strategies to improve outcomes and reduce the perception of the frailty burden. The quality of therapeutic relationships with cardiologists is a key protective factor for accurate risk stratification and therapeutic decision-making in patients, addressing the potential benefits of therapeutic interventions. Conclusions: In conclusion, the engaged patient contributes to more efficient cardiological care and the personalized patient-centered approach leads to the more efficient ‘cure and care’ clinical model. In adverse life events, acute psychological and physiological stress responses intensify detrimental outcomes for patients with cardiovascular disorders. Integrative management of physical risks and mental resilience factors in the development of cardiac disease appears to be strategic for patients with a positive quality of life (QoL) and clinical management of heart failure (HF)
Standardized Definition of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity (PIRA) in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
No full textImportance: Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is a significant contributor to long-term disability accumulation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Prior studies have used varying PIRA definitions, hampering the comparability of study results. Objective: To compare various definitions of PIRA. Design, setting, and participants: This cohort study involved a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from the MSBase registry from July 2004 to July 2023. The participants were patients with MS from 186 centers across 43 countries who had clinically definite relapsing-remitting MS, a complete minimal dataset, and 3 or more documented Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) assessments. Exposure: Three-hundred sixty definitions of PIRA as combinations of the following criteria: baseline disability (fixed baseline with re-baselining after PIRA, or plus re-baselining after relapses, or plus re-baselining after improvements), minimum confirmation period (6, 12, or 24 months), confirmation magnitude (EDSS score at/above worsening score or at/above threshold compared with baseline), freedom from relapse at EDSS score worsening (90 days prior, 90 days prior and 30 days after, 180 days prior and after, since previous EDSS assessment, or since baseline), and freedom from relapse at confirmation (30 days prior, 90 days prior, 30 days before and after, or between worsening and confirmation). Main outcome and measure: For each definition, we quantified PIRA incidence and persistence (ie, absence of a 3-month confirmed EDSS improvement over ≥5 years). Results: Among 87 239 patients with MS, 33 303 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria; 24 152 (72.5%) were female and 9151 (27.5%) were male. At the first visits, the mean (SD) age was 36.4 (10.9) years; 28 052 patients (84.2%) had relapsing-remitting MS, and the median (IQR) EDSS score was 2.0 (1.0-3.0). Participants had a mean (SD) 15.1 (11.9) visits over 8.9 (5.2) years. PIRA incidence ranged from 0.141 to 0.658 events per decade and persistence from 0.753 to 0.919, depending on the definition. In particular, the baseline and confirmation period influenced PIRA detection. The following definition yielded balanced incidence and persistence: a significant disability worsening compared with a baseline (reset after each PIRA event, relapse, and EDSS score improvement), in absence of relapses since the last EDSS assessment, confirmed with EDSS scores (not preceded by relapses within 30 days) that remained above the worsening threshold for at least 12 months. Conclusion and relevance: Incidence and persistence of PIRA are determined by the definition used. The proposed standardized definition aims to enhance comparability among studies
Attentional Demand: validazione di un nuovo paradigma per la quantificazione dell’impiego delle risorse attentive
No full textThis work explores the interaction between two attentional processes, selective attention, and divided attention, while also assessing the cognitive costs associated with their switching in different contexts. Despite the number of studies on task-switching, there is no data in the literature concerning the cognitive impact of switching between components of the same domain.
In this study, therefore, an attempt was made to fill this gap by developing and validating the Attentional Demands Task (AD-Task). The instrument proved effective in measuring selective and divided attention, given the high correlations with established paradigms such as the Oddball task for selective attention and the Dual-Task task for divided attention. Initial results from the application of the instrument confirmed that divided attention leads to slower reaction times and less attention than selective attention due to a saturation of perceptual resources due to the concurrent processing of multiple stimuli. The innovative aspect of this research, the investigation of switching costs between different attentional states, showed that selective attention tasks, contrary to what might be expected, involve higher switching costs.
Within the same work, the Revised Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Mood Questionnaire (rSCRAM) was validated to give more consistency in the assessment of the different samples under study, to allow reliable measurement of participants' sleep quality, chronotype, and mood by greatly reducing the battery of questionnaires.
Evaluation of circadian and homeostatic variables revealed that attention is particularly vulnerable to these factors. Selective attention is more susceptible to circadian phenomena and shows greater deterioration in performance throughout the day. Divided attention and switching, on the other hand, are more vulnerable to homeostatic effects. Sleep deprivation amplifies the cognitive costs of switching, leading to prolonged reaction times and reduced accuracy, probably because prolonged wakefulness causes impairments in the functioning of the prefrontal cortex and executive processes.
In addition, age-related changes in attentional capacity, a decline in attention, and greater divided attention tasks due to the increased cognitive load these tasks impose have been shown and confirmed in comparison with previous findings in the literature. This decline is related to reduced prefrontal cortex function and weakened brain connection.
Overall, the results of this work contribute to the study of aging-related processes and circadian and homeostatic rhythms in the modulation of attentional components and switching ability, highlighting their impact on both short-term and long-term cognitive performance
Analysis of Seismic Site Effects in Plio-Quaternary Intermontane Basin (L’Aquila, Central Italy)
Get PDFThis study presents a comprehensive analysis of site effects in the highly seismic area of L’Aquila in central Italy, which has been conducted within the framework of a seismic microzonation project funded by the Abruzzo Region’s Department of Government of the Territory and Environmental Policies. The project was aimed at best practices on the management of urban and land territory for seismic risk mitigation. Through the integration of detailed geophysical and geotechnical data with numerical modeling, we provide an accurate assessment of local seismic amplification. Two-dimensional numerical simulations using the LSR 2D code were performed on many representative geological sections to compute amplification factors for various period ranges. This case study allowed us to outline some key considerations for best practices in local seismic response analysis and seismic microzonation studies in Italy. Given the prevalence of 2D basin edge, buried morphology, and topographic effects in Plio-Quaternary geologically complex intermontane basins in central Italy, as demonstrated in the L’Aquila case study, use of two-dimensional models is suggested. In order to validate the numerical models and their associated spectra and amplification factors, it is also suggested to compare transfer functions with HVSR microtremor measurements at control points along the studied sections
Power law distribution and multi-scale analysis in Earth sciences, finance, and other fields: Some guidelines to parameter estimation
Get PDFPower-law distributions, with their interdisciplinary applications in fractals, non-linear systems, chaos theory, self-organized criticality, and scale-free systems, have garnered significant attention in recent decades. These theories find applications across various scientific disciplines, from physics to Earth sciences, social sciences, economics, and finance. Parameter estimation for such distributions can be effectively conducted by examining data at multiple scales of observation. This article illustrates practical multi-scale analysis methods through case studies from the statistical analysis of rock fractures and financial data, explaining their advantages and the underlying hypotheses and theories. Furthermore, a novel version of a maximum likelihood-based parameter estimation criterion, adapted for multi-scale samples, is presented, reassuring the audience about its applicability
