IRIS Università degli Studi dell'Aquila
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AI-Powered Advanced Technologies for a Sustainable Built Environment: A Systematic Review on Emerging Challenges
Get PDFDimensional stability of pet-g clear aligners with different thickness through cyclic compressive load tests: An in vitro study
Get PDFBackground: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the dimensional stability of PET-G clear aligners. Material and Methods: Two starting passive aligners of different thicknesses (0.75 mm and 0.88 mm) were subjected to cyclic compressive loading tests using the Instron 3343 testing machine in the laboratory, both with and without saliva. The intermolar and intercanine distances, measured in the occlusal direction, and the intermolar and intercanine Facial Axis (FA) distances, calculated between the most vestibular points of the crowns defined as Facial Axis points, were recorded using the dedicated software 3Shape Orthoviewer. Finally, the aligners were scanned using a laboratory scanner (3Shape TRIOS®) and then compared with the untested aligners of the control group. Results: The 0.75-mm-thick aligners exhibited greater dimensional stability than the 0.88-mm-thick aligners when measuring intercanine distance, both with and without saliva. In contrast, the 0.88-mm-thick aligners demonstrated greater stability than the 0.75-mm-thick aligners when measuring intermolar distance under the same conditions. In the measurement of FA distances, higher values were observed at the molar level when the tests were conducted both with and without saliva, whereas no significant changes were observed in the intercanine distance. Conclusions: The 0.88-mm-thick aligners demonstrated better dimensional stability during tests with and without saliva in the intermolar distance, while the 0.75-mm-thick aligners showed better dimensional stability in the intercanine distance
Numerical-experimental solar loading thermography method and chemical-physical techniques: A Tandem for the preservation of ancient books
Get PDFIn recent decades, the need to preliminarily study works of art with non-destructive and portable techniques has given rise to the figure of the conservation scientist for applications in the field of cultural heritage. This study applies solar loading thermography to detect surface and subsurface defects in an ancient book (1861), examining both natural degradation and fabricated defects. The latter were generated by the natural and inevitable degradation process to which the organic components of the book (for example cellulose, lignin, etc.) are subjected, and voluntarily introduced inside the book cover to determine the sensitivity and the feasibility of the technique. Thermal imaging analysis, supported by numerical simulation, revealed humidity damage and adhesive residues. Two experimental conditions were tested using or not clips to optimize cover-to-page adhesion. Four circoular dowels of different compositions assessed technique sensitivity. Complementary analyses (UV fluorescence, XRF spectroscopy, optical microscopy) validated surface anomal detection and material characterization
LA MINIERA DI BITUME DEL MONTE CAMICIA (GRAN SASSO - ABRUZZO): UN GEOSITO DA VALORIZZARE
Get PDFThe bitumen mine of Monte Camicia (Gran Sasso - Abruzzi): a geosite to develop. – The presence of geological and historical landmarks on the southern slopes of Monte Camicia (Gran Sasso Massif, Abruzzo, Italy) makes this area a candidate for site development and preservation. This paper aims to illustrate the links between geology and the history of the area, to highlight its societal value. Key features are three Aragonese coat-of-arms engraved in limestone boulders or on limestone cliffs and the “Miniera di Lignite”, a bitumen extraction plant that was built but never in operation. The story of the geological studies in the area – dating back at least to the first half of the 1800s is summarized, including the tragic events that led to the death of three geologists who were researching in the area in 1958. In conclusion, it is suggested that the area become a geosite in connection with the development of the Fonte Vetica and Campo Imperatore areas
Targeting ERRs to counteract age-related muscle atrophy associated with physical inactivity: a pilot study
No full textIntroduction Estrogen-related receptors has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target to counteract muscle decline associated with aging or inactivity, being known to regulate mitochondrial function and cellular respiration by up-regulating key factors in muscle responses to exercise. This study aimed to evaluate the targeting of ERRs in myoblasts isolated from the skeletal muscle of inactive women by assessing the metabolic and expression changes associated with its activation.Methods Twenty women undergoing hip arthroplasty for coxarthrosis were enrolled and divided into an active group (n = 10) and an inactive group (n = 10) based on self-reported physical activity. During surgery, muscle biopsies were taken for histological and western blotting analysis, measuring the expression levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 alpha), estrogen related receptor alpha (ERR alpha), and fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Primary cultures of myoblasts were set up from the muscle tissue of inactive women and treated with the ERRs agonist, SLU-PP-332, for subsequent qualitative and quantitative investigations. In addition, myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes for 15 days, and the success of differentiation was evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis.Results Clinical and instrumental evaluation showed less functional limitation, higher handgrip strength values, and significantly reduced visual analogue scale scores in active subjects, in association with a significant increase in muscle fiber diameter. In addition, significantly higher expression of NOX4, concomitant with reduced levels of SIRT1, PGC-1 alpha, ERR alpha, and FNDC5, was detected in the muscle tissue of inactive women. Interestingly, SLU-PP-332 treatment promoted down-regulation of NOX4 and upregulation of SIRT1, PGC-1 alpha, ERR alpha, FNDC5, Akt, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in myoblasts, reducing cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and senescence, as well as increasing levels of reduced glutathione. Furthermore, SLU-PP-332 treatment promoted abundant myotube formation, positively influencing cell differentiation.Discussion Targeting ERRs could represent a promising therapeutic strategy to counteract muscle atrophy in elderly and sedentary subjects. However, further studies are needed to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved and explore the impact of ERRs activation on muscle metabolism
Associations between oral habits and specific malocclusion traits in children: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Italy
Get PDFBackground Several factors, including feeding methods, food texture and oral habits, are closely associated with malocclusions. This study aimed to assess the associations between malocclusion and oral habits in Italian children aged 6-12 years. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted on a sample of 190 children in the University Dental Clinic of Perugia, Italy, between January 2023 And January 2024. Medical records, complete with questionnaires and clinical dental examinations, were used to analyze the presence of malocclusions and their associations with oral habits (breastfeeding, bottle feeding, pacifier use, finger sucking, dysfunctional swallowing, mouth breathing, onychophagy, object biting, and short lingual frenulum). The participants were divided into two groups: with and without malocclusion. Children with malocclusion were further categorized into subgroups on the basis of Angle's classification (Class I/II/III), overjet (normal/increased/reversed), and overbite (normal/deep/open). Results Among 190 evaluated patients, 72.26% presented with malocclusion. Of these patients, 39.47% had Class II or Class III malocclusions (31.05% And 8.42%, respectively). An increased overjet was observed in 44.21% of the patients, whereas 3.16% exhibited a reverse overjet. An open bite was present in 15.26% of the samples, whereas a deep bite was observed in 33.16%. Among the most common oral habits, dysfunctional swallowing was significantly associated with all the malocclusions observed. The relative risk ratio of having a class II or a class III dental class was greater for those who presented dysfunctional swallowing (RRR 4.24, 95% CI 1.51-11. 88, p = 0.006) and (RRR 10.17, 95% CI: 1.14-80.60, p = 0.038), respectively, compared with Class I. Similarly, the presence of dysfunctional swallowing increases the risk of having an increased overjet (RRR of 5.85, 95% CI: 2.23-15.36, p < 0.001) and opening overbite (RRR of 10.82 95% CI: 1.28-90.97, p = 0.028). The risk of malocclusion increases with the number of harmful oral habits present. Conclusion This study revealed an association between different types of malocclusion and oral habits. Multinomial logistic regression analysis identified dysfunctional swallowing as an independent risk factor for Class II and III malocclusions, increased overjet and open bite. This study emphasizes the cumulative impact of oral habits on malocclusion. Ongoing monitoring and multidisciplinary assessments are crucial for improving prevention and treatment. These findings highlight the potential clinical relevance of early identification and implementation of preventive strategies