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Predictors of futile recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis in stroke patients transferred for endovascular treatment
Get PDF: Some patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO) achieve insufficient clinical improvement (futile recanalization, FR) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) during inter-hospital transfer for thrombectomy, while others show good outcomes (effective recanalization, ER). This study assessed FR and ER rates among patients treated with IVT at non-thrombectomy primary stroke centers (PSCs) and aimed to identify predictors of FR. We analyzed data from two PSC registries (2016-2022). Inclusion criteria: IVT treatment, anterior circulation LVO, NIHSS ≥ 6, ASPECTS ≥ 5, and documented recanalization at thrombectomy centers. FR was defined as a 90-day poor outcome (mRS 3-6) despite LVO recanalization on initial angiography. Among 190 PSC patients with documented recanalization post-IVT, 113 (59.5%) had FR. Multivariable analysis identified age (OR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.01-1.07, p = 0.021), NIHSS at the PSC (OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.05-1.22, p = 0.026), and collateral status (OR = 0.54, 95%CI = 0.39-0.75, p = 0.001) as independent predictors of FR and 90-day mortality. A model combining age, NIHSS, and collateral score provided the highest predictive accuracy for FR and mortality. FR is common in LVO-related ischemic stroke treated with IVT at non-thrombectomy centers. FR is common in LVO-related ischemic stroke treated with IVT at non-thrombectomy centers. Identifying predictors of FR can guide clinicians in early decision-making, allowing for tailored interventions and informed discussions about expected outcomes, potentially leading to more optimized patient management.The GOTIC-VTE trial Unique identifier, jRCTs031180124; Registration date, April 06, 2017
Structure and phase dynamics in electrospray deposited amorphous MoO3 via thermal treatment
Get PDFMolybdenum oxides with distinct structures and phases have shown unique properties that are of interest in many scientific and technological applications. However, the scalability to large area deposition and in particular the deposition of surfaces with specific topology, with a uniform and controlled structure still remains a challenge. In this work, a uniform MoO3 film with amorphous structure was achieved via electrospray deposition from fine particle dispersion in water. A high vapor pressure solvent was utilized for the progress of the deposition. As-deposited films with large thicknesses ( < 1 μ m) show amorphous structures with a mean roughness lower than ∼32 nm. The deposited film was subsequently subject to thermal treatment with optimal thermodynamic parameters in order to modify the structure, the phase, the defect density and subsequently the electronic properties of the final structure. It is shown that a uniform coating layer with controlled structure and defect density can be achieved. This method facilitates the deposition of oxide layers on a variety of unconventional surfaces with large area as well as curved geometry
Carbazole Framework as Functional Scaffold for the Design of Synthetic Receptorsvia Ion Pair Asymmetric Nano-Organocatalysis
No full textCarbazole-based receptors play a crucial role in supramolecular chemistry, due to their unique geometry, photophysical properties, strong hydrogen bonding features, and versatility. This review examines prominent examples, focusing on how structural modifications shape binding affinity and selectivity for various guests, showcasing the potential of carbazole scaffolds to underpin innovation in synthetic receptor design
Sicurezza, protezione civile e sanità: il sindaco “ufficiale di Governo” e “autorità locale”
No full textA TaqMan-Based qRT-PCR Assay for Accurate Evaluation of the Oncogenic TrkAIII Splice Variant in Tumor cDNAs
Get PDFBackground: Alternative NTRK1/TrkA splicing resulting in TrkAIII expression, originally discovered in advanced-stage metastatic neuroblastomas, is also pronounced in prostate, medullary thyroid, glioblastoma multiforme, MCPyV-positive Merkel cell, cutaneous malignant melanoma, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumor subsets. In tumor models, TrkAIII exhibits actionable oncogenic activity equivalent to the TrkT3-fused oncogene, and in tumor cell lines, alternative TrkAIII splicing is promoted by hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and SV40 large T antigen, implicating tumor microenvironmental conditions and oncogenic polyoma viruses in tumor-associated TrkAIII expression. Collectively, these observations characterize TrkAIII as a potentially frequent, actionable oncogenic alternative to TrkA gene fusion in different tumor types. Currently, therapeutic approval for efficacious Trk inhibitors is restricted to Trk-fused gene positive tumors and not for tumors potentially driven by TrkAIII. Methods: With the therapeutically relevant aim of improving the identification of tumors potentially driven by TrkAIII, we have developed a TaqMan-based qRT-PCR assay for evaluating TrkAIII expression in tumor cDNAs. Results: This assay, validated using gel-purified fs-TrkA and TrkAIII cDNAs alone and in complex cDNA mixtures, employs primers and probes designed from fs-TrkA and TrkAIII sequences, with specificity provided by a TaqMan probe spanning the TrkAIII exon 5–8 splice junction. It is highly efficient, reproducible, and specific and can detect as few as 10 TrkAIII copies in complex RNAs extracted from either fresh or FFPE tumor tissues. Conclusions: Inclusion of this assay into precision oncology algorithms, when paired with fs-TrkA qRT-PCR and TrkA immune histochemistry, will make it easier to identify patients with therapy-resistant, advanced-stage metastatic Trk-fused gene-negative tumors potentially driven by TrkAIII, for whom approval of third-line effective Trk inhibitors could be extended.Background: Alternative NTRK1/TrkA splicing resulting in TrkAIII expression, originally discovered in advanced-stage metastatic neuroblastomas, is also pronounced in prostate, medullary thyroid, glioblastoma multiforme, MCPyV-positive Merkel cell, cutaneous malignant melanoma, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumor subsets. In tumor models, TrkAIII exhibits actionable oncogenic activity equivalent to the TrkT3-fused oncogene, and in tumor cell lines, alternative TrkAIII splicing is promoted by hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and SV40 large T antigen, implicating tumor microenvironmental conditions and oncogenic polyoma viruses in tumor-associated TrkAIII expression. Collectively, these observations characterize TrkAIII as a potentially frequent, actionable oncogenic alternative to TrkA gene fusion in different tumor types. Currently, therapeutic approval for efficacious Trk inhibitors is restricted to Trk-fused gene positive tumors and not for tumors potentially driven by TrkAIII. Methods: With the therapeutically relevant aim of improving the identification of tumors potentially driven by TrkAIII, we have developed a TaqMan-based qRT-PCR assay for evaluating TrkAIII expression in tumor cDNAs. Results: This assay, validated using gel-purified fs-TrkA and TrkAIII cDNAs alone and in complex cDNA mixtures, employs primers and probes designed from fs-TrkA and TrkAIII sequences, with specificity provided by a TaqMan probe spanning the TrkAIII exon 5-8 splice junction. It is highly efficient, reproducible, and specific and can detect as few as 10 TrkAIII copies in complex RNAs extracted from either fresh or FFPE tumor tissues. Conclusions: Inclusion of this assay into precision oncology algorithms, when paired with fs-TrkA qRT-PCR and TrkA immune histochemistry, will make it easier to identify patients with therapy-resistant, advanced-stage metastatic Trk-fused gene-negative tumors potentially driven by TrkAIII, for whom approval of third-line effective Trk inhibitors could be extended
Giustizia sociale
No full textQuesto capitolo si sofferma su un altro dei principi fondamentali associato alla sostenibilità, applicato a partire dalle organizzazioni sociali perché queste ultime sono caratterizzate da un’iniqua distribuzione di risorse e rischi, sebbene giustificata dall’attribuzione di status e ruoli a individui e gruppi. A partire dalle prime formulazioni in teorie filosofiche e religiose si giunge alla società contemporanea registrando una più diffusa consapevolezza della necessità di riconoscere «sostanzialmente» diritti e doveri agli individui e a tutte le specie per uno sviluppo che sia più armonico, giusto e sostenibile. I più consolidati fra filoni di studio e modalità applicative di questo principio saranno proposti nel capitolo
Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanical Methods for Dynamical Systems and Stochastic Processes with Phase Transitions
Get PDFThis work deals with some key questions in non-equilibrium statistical physics, with a particular focus on transport phenomena in confined systems and the onset, therein, of phase transitions. Within this context, the thesis explores particle transport in specific systems based on mathematical billiards. The basic model features two identical regions of two-dimensional space urns connected by a channel, serving as table of a mathematical billiard. The billiard is populated by an ensemble of N non-interacting particles, incorporating a feedback mechanism that regulates particle transport. In this kind of models interesting non-equilibrium phenomena take place, such as uphill currents and first-order phase transitions. A key aspect of this work is the investigation of the ergodicity of these billiard systems, focusing on how geometric alterations, such as the transition from circular to polygonal urns, impact the system's dynamical properties. The results show that the geometry of the urns significantly influences the system's ergodic behavior, particularly in polygonal billiards where the ergodicity is dependent on the internal angles of the polygons employed as urns. A 1D urn model, based on stochastic billiard-like dynamics and obtained as a projection of higher-dimensional dynamics onto a one-dimensional ring, further develops these ideas and provides a deeper understanding of phase transitions in confined geometries, showing how feedback mechanisms and initial conditions shape the statistical properties and mixing behavior of particle ensembles evolving in confined billiard systems.
A Markov chain stochastic model is derived from the original deterministic N particles system, inspired by the classical Ehrenfest urn model. This model will serve as a base for the application of some relevant concepts from stochastic thermodynamics. In particular, we leverage Work Fluctuation Theorems (WFTs), such as the Jarzynski Equality (JE), to explore the possibility to detect phase transitions in non-equilibrium systems with stochastic dynamics. In this sense, we employ both analytical and numerical methods to demonstrate how finite size effects and irreversibility in such systems may negatively affect the theoretically exact computation of averages of exponential observables (as happens in the JE). This apparent shortcoming of the theory will be used to detect phase transitions in the state space of stochastic systems. We will prove how the lack of information about the rarest states of a system can actually point to the selection of suitable subsets of the system's state space, which can in turn be used to detect phase transitions through the JE and similar averaging procedures.
Altogether, these findings contribute to the better understanding of some key aspects of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, such as transport phenomena and phase transitions, through the analysis of classically relevant aspects of the theory such as ergodicity, finite size effects and Work Fluctuation Theorems. Indeed this work offers novel and interesting perspectives on how anomalous transport and non-equilibrium phase transitions can be revealed and characterized through both deterministic and stochastic approaches
Giulia Cecchettin’s feminicide in the Italian online press. How headlines changed the narrative, if they did at all.
No full textGiulia Cecchettin's feminicide, which took place in Italy in November 2023, raised high media attention. Our research accounts for how it was covered by the national online press, and whether and how news reporting narratives differed from those about previous feminicides. Driven by both literature on the news framing of gender-based violence and linguistic studies on communicative functions of implicit strategies, we analyzed the headlines and subheadings concerning Cecchettin's feminicide that were published online by the newspaper leading the case. We replicated the analyses on a control corpus including the online headlines and subheadings dedicated by the same newspaper to Giulia Tramontano's feminicide, which took place in May 2023. Results indicate that the description of both the victim and the perpetrator is less stereotypical (though still anchored in a telenovela-style episodic narrative) in the coverage of the Cecchettin case, which, however, exacerbates the instrumental spectacularization of feminicide for clickbait purposes
