Digital Library of Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
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Teilhabe statt Flugtaxis
No full textInformatik gilt schon immer als Treiber des technischen Fortschritts – aber was ist mit dem sozialen? Podcasterin Lea Schönberger nimmt die Vergangenheit als Anlass für Gespräche mit den Informatik-Frauen von heute
Data-driven nitrogen management
No full textEfficient nitrogen management is crucial for economic and environmental sustainability in agriculture. Excessive nitrogen use leads to pollution and higher costs, while insufficient application reduces crop yields and profitability. This study builds on existing nitrogen response models by using machine learning to optimize nitrogen use, leveraging data from long-term experiments. The dataset includes nitrogen treatment levels, crop yields, and weather data, enabling a comprehensive analysis of nitrogen management practices. By employing Support Vector Regression (SVR) and Random Forest (RF) models, this research captures non-linear relationships between weather variables and Economic Optimum Nitrogen Rate (EONR). Results show RF models to outperform SVR, with lower Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and higher R2, highlighting RF’s robustness in managing variability. The study also evaluates the effects of organic fertilization, emphasizing the potential of data-driven nitrogen management to support sustainable agriculture with localized, precise recommendations
A Demonstration of Skyrise: A Serverless Query Processor
No full textData processing systems are increasingly being deployed in the cloud, because of the cost-effectiveness of short-term resource provisioning. In recent years, serverless cloud computing has embodied highly elastic resource pools. This elasticity has the potential to make cloud-based systems more cost-efficient, preventing resource over-provisioning and under-provisioning. In this paper, we demonstrate Skyrise, a serverless query processor for infrequent in-situ analytics on cold data in cloud storage. We highlight Skyrise's capabilities to run entirely on serverless compute resources and to complement them with virtual servers and cloud object storage
Performance-Management-Systeme: Immer noch die „Rituals of Verification“ oder schon Multidimensionale Integrierte Informationssysteme?
No full textDie Digitale Transformation (DT) mit ihrem Haupttreiber Informationstechnologie (IT) ist eine zentrale Herausforderung für Unternehmen und Behörden. Eine ihrer Haupteffekte ist die Verbesserung der Entscheidungsunterstützung in Organisationen. Die u. a. wichtigsten Informationssysteme zur Unterstützung des Managements sind dabei Performance-Management-Systeme (PMS), insbesondere wird der Einsatz von Softwareanwendungen zur Automatisierung von PMS gefordert. Dieser Beitrag sammelt in einem strukturierten Review erste Forschungsergebnisse zu Anforderungen an PMS und bereits nutzbarer Softwarelösungen. Im Ergebnis lassen sich spezialisierte Lösungen finden, die allerdings bestehende Nachteile nicht überwinden sowie generelle Ansätze, deren Einsatz im Bereich der PMS noch nicht verbreitet ist. Eine vollintegrierte multidimensionale Lösung, die allen Anforderungen genügt, ist dagegen derzeit nicht sichtbar und bedürfte der Konstruktion. Digital transformation (DT) with its main driver information technology (IT) is a key challenge for companies and authorities. One of its main effects is the improvement of decision support in organizations. In this context, Performance Management Systems (PMS) are important information systems to support the management. In particular, the use of software applications to automate PMS is required. This contribution collects initial research results on PMS requirements and software solutions that are already available through a structured review. As a result, specialized solutions can be found that still do not overcome existing disadvantages as well as general approaches not yet common in the field of PMS. A fully integrated multidimensional solution that meets all requirements, however, is currently not visible and would need to be constructed
Verkaufsverbot für Silvesterfeuerwerk 2020 und 2021 - Eine Analyse der Auswirkungen auf die Luftqualität
No full textDie menschliche Lebensweise führt zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Luftqualität, etwa durch die Verbrennung fossiler Brennstoffe oder Verkehrsemissionen. Diese Luftverschmutzung führt nach Angaben der Weltgesundheitsorganisation zu etwa sieben Millionen vorzeitigen Todesfällen. Unter den verschiedenen Luftschadstoffen ist insbesondere Feinstaub eine Gefahr, da dieser tief in unseren Körper eindringen und Schäden im Herz-Kreislauf-System, den Atemwegen und Organen verursachen kann. Eines der bekanntesten Ereignisse, welches Feinstaub verursacht, ist das Feuerwerk zu dem Jahreswechsel. Die COVID-19-Pandemie und das damit verbundene Feuerwerkverkaufsverbot bietet die einmalige Chance, die Auswirkungen auf die Luftqualität zu analysieren. In dieser Arbeit wird dazu auf Basis eines Citizen-Science-Projektes die Hypothese evaluiert, ob dieses Feuerwerkverkaufsverbot einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Luftqualität zu dem Jahreswechsel hatte. Da dieses Verkaufsverbot auf Deutschland beschränkt war, analysieren wir zusätzlich, ob diese Effekte auch in an Polen und Tschechien angrenzenden Landkreisen sichtbar sind
Modeling Variability in Complex Software Systems
No full textA Software Product Line (SPL) is a family of related programs, called variants, generated from a common artifact base. A Multi SPL (MPL) is a set of interdependent SPLs: Each variant may depend on variants from other SPLs. MPLs occur frequently in practice and are challenging to model and implement efficiently when different variants of the same SPL must coexist and interoperate. We address this by introducing the concept of a variability module (VM), a new language construct. A VM constitutes at the same time a module and an SPL of standard (variability-free), possibly interdependent, modules. A set of interdependent VMs represents an MPL that can be compiled into a set of standard modules. We instantiate the concept of a VM for the modeling language ABS
FORTE: an open-source system for cost-effective and scalable environmental monitoring
No full textForests are an essential part of our biosphere, regulating climate, acting as a sink for greenhouse gases, and providing numerous other ecosystem services. However, they are negatively impacted by climatic stressors such as drought or heat waves. In this paper, we introduce FORTE, an open-source system for environmental monitoring with the aim of understanding how forests react to such stressors. It consists of two key components: (1) a wireless sensor network (WSN) deployed in the forest for data collection, and (2) a Data Infrastructure for data processing, storage, and visualization. The WSN contains a Central Unit capable of transmitting data to the Data Infrastructure via LTE-M and several spatially independent Satellites that collect data over large areas and transmit them wirelessly to the Central Unit. Our prototype deployments show that our solution is cost-effective compared to commercial solutions, energy-efficient with sensor nodes lasting for several months on a single charge, and reliable in terms of data quality. FORTE's flexible architecture makes it suitable for a wide range of environmental monitoring applications beyond forest monitoring. The contributions of this paper are three-fold. First, we describe the high-level requirements necessary for developing an environmental monitoring system. Second, we present an architecture and prototype implementation of the requirements by introducing our FORTE platform and demonstrating its effectiveness through multiple field tests. Lastly, we provide source code, documentation, and hardware design artifacts as part of our open-source repository