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Development of Sensor for Free Available Chlorine Estimation in Surface Water
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Chemistry, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemistry, August 2016.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-107)The development of portable sensors that can be used outside the lab is an active area of
research in the electro analytical field. A major focus of such research is the development
of low-cost electrodes for use in these sensors. Current electrodes, such as glassy carbon,
platinum or gold electrodes, are costly and require time-consuming preparation. In this
work an alternatives have been proposed, where pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) has
been used as sensing platform.
Surface of pencil has been used to make it suitable for estimating free chlorine in water
sample. Chlorine is a common disinfectant in the water industry, and the residual free
chlorine concentration in water distributed to the consumers must be lower than the value
set by the regulatory bodies. The pencil graphite-electrode shows high selectivity, low
detection limit and linear response to free chlorine in the relevant concentration range at
the applied potential of 1.5V and no response to commonly interfering ions such as NO3
-,
SO4
2-, CO3
2-, Cl-, HCO3
- has been observed. Further investigation has been conducted on
the storage stability and response time on FAC sensing. The sensitivity of free chlorine
has been found to be 50μAmM-1cm-2. The pencil graphite electrodes were also used for
detection of chlorine with a relatively wide concentrations ranging up to 8 mM, with a
limit of detection of 46 μM. It exposes that the stability of PGEs 97.93% after 14 days of
its initial activity. This sensor is being proposed as a low cost device for determining free
chlorine in water samples with short response time of t90 less than 5 sec.Md. Juel IslamMaster of Science in Chemistr
Development of a Pilot-Scale Treatment Plant for Market Wastewater of Khulna City
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering, October 2016.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 64-67)developing countries like Bangladesh, urbanization mostly takes place in unplanned and
informal way. With high population density and inappropriate construction approach of
commercial areas, market wastewater has become a severe problem and threat to
environmental sustainability. Market wastewater is mainly produced at butcher houses,
during chicken slaughtering and processing, at fish markets, etc. Market wastewater
contaminated with animal body fluid, blood, worms, bacteria and viruses are causing
environmental pollution and posing a threat to public health. Therefore, market wastewater should be treated prior to disposal into the environment. In this context, this study aims at: (a) determining the physical, chemical/biochemical and microbial characteristics of market wastewater, (b) developing a pilot-scale treatment unit for the market wastewater and finally (c) monitoring its performance and address any modification if necessary.
A comprehensive field survey had been conducted in three markets situated near Moyur
River. The market wastewater was collected in jerry can and brought to laboratory for
various wastewater quality analyses such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5),
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Iron (Fe), Nitrate (NO3), Phosphate (PO4), Total
Solids, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Volatile Solids (TVS), Volatile Suspended
Solids (VSS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Temperature, pH, Alkalinity, Total Coliform
(TC) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). In market wastewater: TSS, BOD5 and TC were found
to be 1,840-3,300 mg/L, 62-619 mg/L and 3,400-6,00,000 N/100 mL, respectively. In
order to minimize the pollutants in market wastewater, a pilot-scale treatment unit,
adopting the activated sludge process, has been developed in the laboratory. In treated
water: TSS, BOD5 and TC were found to be in the range of 760-2,800 mg/L, 17-124 mg/L
and 2,740-7,00,000 N/100 mL, respectively. These laboratory test results suggest that the performance of the treatment unit was not adequate to meet the acceptable limit for
disposal into inland watercourses (ECR’97). Installing a duel-media granular filtration
system as an additional treatment unit to developed activated sludge process treatment
system improved the effluent quality within the acceptable limit. The TSS, BOD5 and TC
in treated effluent was found to be 95 mg/L, 4 mg/L and 750 N/100 mL, respectively. This
study finally recommended an implementation plan of installing treatment plants in
various markets of Khulna city.Azrina KarimaMaster of Science in Civil Engineerin
Simulation of pre-monsoon temperature over Bangladesh using dynamical downscaling with high Resolution wrf-arw model
No full textThis thesis is submitted to the Department of Physics, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Physics, February 2016.Cataloged from PDF Version of Thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 78-82).In the present study, the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF-ARW V3.5.1) model have
been used to simulate the station wise pre-monsoon temperature during 2010 – 2014 over
Bangladesh. The initial and boundary conditions are drawn from the global operational
analysis and forecast products of National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP-GFS)
available for the public at 1°×1o resolution. The model was configured in single domain, 6
km horizontal grid spacing with 161×183 grids in the east-west and north-south directions
and 30 vertical levels. For the simulation of pre-monsoon temperature WSM6-class graupel
scheme and Kain-Fritsch (KF) cumulus parameterization (CP) scheme has been used. Initially
the model has run for 107 days for long term prediction starting with the initial condition of
0000 UTC of 17 February up to 0000 UTC of 1 June for the period 2010-2014. The model
has also run for 72 hours with everyday 0000 UTC initial conditions for 94 days for the
prediction of 24, 48 and 72 hours lead time temperature in the pre-monsoon season of 2014.
In this research, 2m level temperature have been simulated at 3 hourly interval, then daily and
monthly average temperature data have been determined for 24, 48, 72 hour and 107 days
during the studied period. This data has been compared with the observed temperature at 33
meteorological stations of BMD.
The simulated monthly average temperature of March, April and May 2014 for 24, 48 and 72
hours prediction has been found maximum in the western region whereas observed
temperature has been found maximum in the southwestern region of the country. The
distribution pattern of observed and model simulated monthly average temperature for 24, 48
and 72 hours prediction are almost similar all over except southeastern region of the country.
The difference of observed and simulated temperature lies within 1-2oC all over except
southeastern region. The observed temperature is found to be minimum in the northeastern
region but 107 days predicted temperature simulated minimum in the southeastern region and
the difference lies within 5-6oC in the southeastern region. The correlation coefficients (CC)
between observed and simulated temperature have found maximum for 24 hour lead time
prediction in the month of March. As the time of the season progresses and also the time of
prediction have increased, the CC has decreased all over and this decrease is significant in the
southeastern region of the country. 24-72 hour lead time predicted temperatures are in good
agreement with the observed temperature.Abdullah Al MamunMaster of Science in Physic
